新教材2021-2022学年高中外研版英语选择性必修第四册学案：UNIT 5 INTO THE UNKNOWN 预习 新知早知道1 WORD版含解析.doc

1、.匹配词义A单词匹配()1.intrigueAn.金字塔()2.pyramidBn.天文学()3.astronomyCv.(因奇特或神秘而)激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心()4.tropicalDn.气旋；旋风()5.cycloneEn.衰败()6.downfallFing from, found in or typical of the tropics()7.megadroughtGn.extreme or impressive drought答案15CABFD67EGB短语匹配()1.add toA符合，与相一致()2.deal withB收回()3.correspond toC发现()4.ta

2、ke backD将应用于()5.apply.to.E在顶峰()6.be based onF在上面；除之外()7.at ones peakG(因无人照料而)衰落，败落()8.make a discoveryH处理；应付()9.on top ofI以为基础()10.fall into ruinJ增加，增添答案15JHABD610IECFG.默写单词1bury v将埋在下面2ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟3canal n. 运河4dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定5abandon v. 离弃，逃离6civilisation n. 文明(社会)7expansion n. 扩大；增加.语境填空astr

3、onomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；be buried；canal；fall into ruin; on top of ; deal with1Hes happy that I deal with it myself.2On top of it being dark, it rained, which made the going even tougher.3The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation4The truth has bee

4、n buried in his memory since that moment.5Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun，moon，stars，planets，etc.6A canal is a passage dug in the ground for boats and ships to travel along.7How can you safely dismiss their objections?8Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.9Their very shape

5、 has made them less likely to fall into ruin10Despite the difficulties their company is confident of further expansion next year.语法填空之派生词1Expansion (expand)is the process of becoming greater in size, number, or amount.2Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Maya civilisation(civilize) a millenniu

6、m ago.3Tropical(tropic) weather is hot and damp weather that people believe to be typical of the tropics.1Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。2.Maya civilisation

7、 has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。3What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。4On top of all t

8、his was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time：a true writing system.除了这些以外，当时美洲还有一个独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。5Its oncegreat cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.它的曾经伟大的城市都变成了废墟，留下了各种谜团让后人去解开。名师圈点mystery n谜 intrigue v(因奇特或神秘而)激起的兴趣，引起的好奇心civilisation n文明(社会)f

9、rom a very young age 从很小的时候make an incredible discovery得到了一个不可思议的发现correspond to与一致correspond with sb.通信based on以为基础bury v埋住，覆盖buried deep in the jungle掩埋在丛林深处dismiss v拒绝考虑，否定extend v延伸；绵延be surrounded by 被围绕impressive adj.给人印象深刻的pyramid n金字塔astronomy n天文学apply.to把运用on top of 在上面；除之外represent v代表；象征

10、 complicated adj.复杂的 so.that.如此以至于so far 到目前为止 mysterious adj.神秘的，难以解释的abandon v离弃，逃离at ones peak 在的顶峰 a couple of generations几代人decline v下降；衰落claim v抢夺；索取indicate v暗示；表明play a part in在起作用downfall n衰败turn.into把变成 canal n运河construction n建设under construction正在建设deal with处理；应付lead to引起；导致tropical adj.来

11、自热带的；产于热带的cyclone n气旋；旋风be likely to很可能 a series of 一系列 megadrought n超级干旱at different rates以不同的速度 food shortages 食物缺乏ultimately adv.最终；终于oncegreat adj.曾经伟大的ruin n残垣断壁，废墟fall into ruin(因无人照料而)衰落，败落meanwhile adv.与此同时the rise and fall of的兴衰think about 想起；思考原文呈现The Mysteries of THE MAYAIntrigued by Maya

12、 civilisation from a very young age， 15yearold Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.1 Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.Based on this, he believed

13、 he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.21intrigued by.是过去分词短语作原因状语，thought后是省略了that的宾语从句。2Although引导让步状语从句，how引导宾语从句。It isnt difficult to see wh

14、y.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.The Maya built impressive palaces and temples，including their representative step pyramids.What is most extraordinary about thes

15、e complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. 3 The Mayas understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.4 On top of al

16、l this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables.It was a writing system so complicated that， so far， no one has been able to interpre

17、t it completely.3What引导主语从句，how引导表语从句。4which引导非限制性定语从句。The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 5 By 700 AD, Maya civilisation

18、was at its peak.Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline.The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements. 65what引导

19、表语从句。6When引导时间状语从句。Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.Was it a natural disaster? A deadly disease? Conflicts between cities? Or was it a combination of several different factors? Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.

20、7 They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their abilit

21、y to deal with natural disasters.7that引导宾语从句。Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD.This is likely to have led to a series of droughts

22、, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. 8 Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. 9 These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimate

23、ly, the downfall of the cities.8each lasting是代词动词ing构成的独立主格结构。9 that引导宾语从句，why引导定语从句。Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. 10 Its oncegreat cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this ci

24、vilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 1110Whatever引导让步状语从句。11leave us thinking about.为“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构。译文参考玛雅之谜15岁的加拿大男孩威廉甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明感兴趣，他认为自己在研究古代星图时得到了一个不可思议的发现。通过比较，他发现已知的117个玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于这一点，他认为他发现了一个掩埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥

25、秘在人们心中是多么有影响力。不难看出其中的原因。从我们现在所知的墨西哥的一部分向南延伸到中美洲，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所笼罩。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙，包括他们代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑的最不寻常之处是它们如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至动物运输的情况下建成的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们把这种理解运用到玛雅历法中，它能精确到每年的误差在30秒之内。除了这些以外，当时美洲还有一个独一无二的成就：一个真正的文字系统。它包含800多个字符，其中一些代表动物、人和物体，另一些则代表音节。它是一个如此复杂的文字系统；以至于到目前为止还没有人能够完全破

26、解它。玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘莫测。但最神秘的是什么导致玛雅人离弃了他们大部分伟大的城市。到公元700年，玛雅文明达到顶峰。然而，在短短几代人的时间里，它开始神秘地衰落。这些城市变成了丛林。当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲来索要其财富时，剩余的玛雅人就住在小定居点里。玛雅文明为何衰落仍然是个谜。是自然灾害导致的吗？是一种致命的疾病导致的吗？还是城市之间的冲突造成的？或者它是几个不同因素的组合造成的？一些研究似乎表明玛雅人本身可能在他们的衰落中起了作用。他们把湿地变成了种植谷物的田地，并挖出了巨大的运河系统。然而，随着人口的增加，农业需要更多的土地，建筑需要更

27、多的树木。通过这种方式改变景观，玛雅人有可能在不知不觉中降低了应付自然灾害的能力。研究还表明，这些自然灾害可能导致玛雅的衰落。最近的一些研究发现，在公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往年。这很可能导致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持续几年，其中包括大约公元900年的一次“超级干旱”。为什么玛雅文明在不同的地方开始以不同的速度崩溃，许多科学家认为这些干旱是主要原因。这些干旱将导致粮食短缺、社会冲突，并最终导致城市的崩溃。不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。它的曾经伟大的城市都变成了废墟，留下了各种谜团让后人去解开。与此同时，这个文明的兴衰也必定让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在和未来。