2022版新高考英语人教版一轮总复习学案：必修第1册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS WORD版含答案.doc

1、 三言两语1. The cause of natural disasters is the behaviour of human beings.2. Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disasters.3. Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy，leaving plenty of people hurt or dead.1. 尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支持被这次最严重的灾难袭击的地区。I

2、n spite of this, the government called on the whole nation to support the area hit_by_the_ worst_disaster. 2. 此外，市政府及时采取各种紧急的措施解救被雪灾困住的群众，确保一切尽快恢复正常。Besides, the city government took all kinds of urgent measures to rescue the people trapped_in the snowstorm to ensure that everything would_return_to_

3、normal as soon as possible.核心单词默写识记根据汉语释义写出单词1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援2. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失3. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭4. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)5. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 6. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬7. supply n. 供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品 vt. 供应；供给8. strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击9. ruin

4、n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 10. revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒11. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 12. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力13. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空1. Right after he was_rescued (rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins, he saluted (行礼) and smiled at them.2. As this lock is_damaged/has_been_damag

5、ed (damage), this door will never open!3. (2020全国卷)If you do, you wont be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (ruin) everyones day.4. Some miners were_trapped (trap) underground after the sudden collapse of the mine.5. Buried (bury) in reading, she

6、didnt notice her mother standing aside her for a while.6. He often supplies (supply) food and clothing to the children in the mountainous areas.续表拓展单词词汇变形根据汉语释义写出单词及其变化形式1. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊shocking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人的shocked adj. (感到)震惊的2. electricity n. 电；电能electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的electri

7、c adj. 用电的；电动的；带电的3. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸breath n. 呼吸；气息breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n. 痛苦；受难sufferer n. 受难者；患病者5. erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出eruption n. 爆发；喷发6. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的powerfully adv. 强烈地；有效地7. deliver vt. & v

8、i. 递送；传达 vt. 发表delivery n. 传递；交付；递送8. effect n. 影响；结果；效果affect vt. 影响；疾病侵袭；深深打动effective adj. 有效的；生效的9. length n. 长；长度lengthen v. 加长；延长long adj. 长的；冗长的10. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过survival n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物survivor n. 生还者；幸存者语境运用用所给词的适当形式填空1. Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your ch

9、ances of survival. Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the only two survivors. (survive)2. We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday. (shock)3. This area was_affected by the terrible flood, so

10、we must take effective measures to help it go through the difficulties. (effect)4. You must learn to_breathe regularly. Otherwise, you will feel out of breath after such a long distance. (breath)5. The road has a total length of two miles only, so the workers decide to lengthen it. (long)阅读单词【教师用书独具

11、】1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害2. tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风3. drought n. 旱灾；久旱 4. landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡5. slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动 6. tsunami n. 海啸7. magnitude n. (地)震级；重大 8. evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离9. helicopter n. 直升机 10. death n. 死；死亡11. crack n. 裂纹；裂缝vi. & vt. (使)破裂 12. percent n. 百分之adj. & adv. 每一百中13. bri

12、ck n. 砖；砖块 14. metal n. 金属15. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 16. revival n. 振兴；复苏17. unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体 18. wisdom n. 智慧；才智19. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 20. typhoon n. 台风21. hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 22. tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲23. pipe n. 管子；管道 24. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声25. calm ad

13、j. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 26. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资vi. & vt. 帮助；援助27. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击n. 撞车；碰撞 28. sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫29. wave n. 海浪；波浪vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 30. summary n. 总结；概括；概要续表熟词生义1. (2020全国卷)Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) such as the distance from a power plant to st

14、reet lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). 电力供应2. He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs. 使免于；庇护3. Mrs Long, who suffered a stroke after the accident, claimed $27,000 damages from the other drivers car insurance firm. 赔

15、偿金高频短语短语应用1. as_if 似乎；好像；仿佛2. in_ruins严重受损；破败不堪3. in_shock震惊；吃惊4. be/become_a_home_to 是/成为的家园5. sweep_away消灭；彻底消除6. come_to_an_end结束7. get_back_up_on_ones_feet重新站起来；东山再起8. in_the_open_air 露天；在户外9. on_hand现有(尤指帮助)10. put_up提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴语境运用1填入一个适当的词1. Her life has not come to an end, and she also

16、 doesnt know what is waiting for her ahead.2. The buffalo (野牛) then tried to lift itself up with great difficulty, and after some time managed to get back up on its feet.3. Always have your dictionary on hand when you study because it is very convenient for you to refer to it.语境运用2填入一个适当的词After the

17、terrible earthquake, all the houses and buildings became 1. in ruins. It seemed as 2. if_the world were at an end. Despite this, all the people decided to work hard to sweep 3. away the disaster and rebuild their home.教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1. too . to .Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs

18、refused to go inside buildings.这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这个沉重的石头。The little boy is too_young_to_raise the heavy stone.2. it seemed as if .It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！好像他已经知道了刚才所发生的一切。It_seemed_as_if he had known about what happened just now.3. 主语beadj.不定式Water, food, and electricity were hard

19、 to get.众所周知，山里的空气呼吸起来很舒服。As we all know, the_air_is_comfortable_to_breathe in the mountainous areas.4. make it difficult to do .However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。They not only make_it_difficult_for

20、_people_to_sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest. 1. affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(1)be affected by被侵袭；被感动be affected with high fever发高烧(2)effect n. 作用；影响；效果；结果influence n. & v. 影响have an effect/influence on对产生影响(3)affection n. U喜爱；钟爱；慈爱 sb.s affections

21、 某人的钟爱词块decisions which affect our lives影响我们生活的决定gain/win my mothers affections得到母亲的爱单句语法填空(2020 江苏卷)Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.Affected (affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to

22、 speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.I feel much affection (affect) for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on_me.句式升级(普通表达)Many young people were deeply affected/moved/touched by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(高级表达)Deeply_affected/m

23、oved/touched_by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)2. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬be buried in/bury oneself in埋头于；专心于be buried in thought沉思词块bury ones face in ones hands双手掩面buried treasure埋藏的财宝单句语法填空The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) her

24、 head in the book in her hands.He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.When I entered the room, I found him burying (bury) his face in his hands.句式升级(普通表达)Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book, he didnt notice that all the others had lef

25、t.(高级表达)Burying_himself_in_his_book,he didnt notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语)(高级表达)Buried_in_his_book,he didnt notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语)3. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from 遭受；患病(2)suffering n. 痛苦；

26、苦难；折磨；让人痛苦的事(1)suffer用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语。(2)suffer用作不及物动词，其后常接from，表示“受之苦；患某种疾病”。词块suffer from a heart attack患有心脏病suffer a great deal from cold and hunger饥寒交迫suffer serious brain damage脑部严重损伤单句语法填空(2020江苏卷)Later, he worked in A

27、frica, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.It is hard to imagine the pain and sufferings_(suffer) these poor people went through during the winter months.句式升级(普通表达)He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.(高级表达

28、)Never before in his life had_he_suffered_such_a_great_loss,so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)(高级表达)Not having_suffered_such_a_great_loss before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (现在分词短语作状语)4. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过(1)surviven.(the fire/earthquake/accident .)从(火灾/地震/事故等) 中生

29、还survive on靠维持生活；靠存活下来(2)survival n. 幸存；C遗物；幸存物(3)survivor n. 幸存者；死里逃生的人词块survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难survive on such a low salary 靠这么低的工资维持生计survive the economic crisis挺过经济危机单句语法填空Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to_survive (survive) is to live in harmon

30、y with nature.After the plane crash, what the survivors (survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.If he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive). 句式升级 (普通表达)After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else wo

31、uld be all right.(高级表达)Having_survived_that_night，we were confident that everything else would be all right. (现在分词短语作状语)5. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 vt. 给提供动力(1)come to/into power掌权； 上台beyond ones power 某人力所不能及的do all/everything in ones power/do ones best 尽力而为； 竭尽全力in power 当权的；执政的(2)powerful adj. 强大的

32、；权力大的(3)powerfully adv. 强有力地；强大地(4)powerless adj. 无权力的；无力量的；无能为力的词块abuse ones power滥用权力the power failure停电a power plant发电厂a political party in power执政党an industrial power工业大国the aircraft powered by a jet engine由喷气发动机驱动的飞机 单句语法填空(2020新高考全国卷)Jennifer is a firstgeneration graduate and an inspiration to

33、 her family and thats pretty powerful (power)After the new president came to/into power, he took a series of measures to improve peoples life.The government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.Not that I dont want to help you, but that its beyond my power to do so.句式升级(普通表达

34、)(全国卷)You are so diligent that Ill try my best to help you know more about Tang poems.(高级表达) You are so diligent that Ill do_all/everything_in_my_power_to help you know more about Tang poems.(高级表达) You are so diligent that Ill do_what_I_can_to_help you know more about Tang poems.(what引导宾语从句)6. strik

35、e vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；敲；(使)突然想起 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击(1)sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想到某事It strikes sb. that/to do . 某人想到(2)be struck by . 被打动；迷恋(3)strike sb. in/onthe身体部位 打某人某部位(4)be on/go on strike 在/举行罢工词块be struck by the beautiful scenery 被美丽的风景所打动strike sb. in the face 打在某人脸上写出下列句子中strike

36、的词性和含义She was practising surfing when a shark struck. v._袭击The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country. v._打动；给以印象I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning. v._(钟)_敲It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. v._想起The workers will go on

37、strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. n._罢工句式升级(普通表达)I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English.(高级表达)Struck_by_his_inspiring_words,I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (过去分词短语作状语)7. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏(1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成

38、为废墟(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己； 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉词块ruin the table cloth 弄脏了那块桌布ruin our friendship破坏了我们的友谊the ruin of civilisation文明的毁灭financial ruin破产the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹单句语法填空(2020全国卷)There is also the matter of tone (语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined (ruin)

39、an entire day?(2019全国卷)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?Drunk driving not only ruined himself (he) but also killed several passersby.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood

40、in ruins.完成句子地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。The whole city lay in_ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.8. put up 提供；提出；建造；举起；提高；张贴；留宿put up with 容忍；忍受put forward 提出(意见、建议) put on 穿上；上演put off 推迟；延期put away 放好(某物)；储存put down 放下；写下；镇压put aside . 储存备用；留下供专用写出下列句子中put up的含义First he opened

41、a shop and then put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.张贴Those who know the answer to the question, please put up your hands.举起I was hoping Kate could put me up for a few nights when I visited the city. 留宿Most big stores admit they darent put prices up for fear of losing their customers

42、.提高完成句子学生们提出了许多需要马上解决的问题。The students have put_forward_a_lot_of_questions that need to be solved at once.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。I can put_up_with the houses being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.每年孩子们都把一些零花钱存起来买新年礼物。Every year children put_aside_some_of_their_pocket_money to buy New Years pres

43、ents.9. 主语beadj.不定式(教材原文)Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 水、食物和电难以获得。“主语beadj. 不定式”结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；(2)常用形容词有：good, difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, interesting, exciting等。不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。单句语法填空The problem looks

44、rather easy, but in fact it is very hard to deal with.This problem is not easy to_figure (figure) out.完成句子在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is good_to_breathe.虽然李萍不健谈，但与她相处不难。While Li Ping is not a talkative girl, she_is_not_d

45、ifficult_to_get_along_with. 用所给词的正确形式填空1. The 65yearold Steve Goodwin was found suffering (suffer) from early Alzheimers disease (阿尔茨海默病). 2. It struck (strike) me that playing against the other team was a great moment for all the girls on the team.3. This machine is very easy to_operate (operate).

46、Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.4. Group exercise is one of the most effective (effect) ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.5. With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. 在空白处填入一个适当的词1. The earthqua

47、ke did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.2. Honestly speaking, its beyond my power to help you solve such a difficult problem.3. We clean the house to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival.4. The doctor advised the man to give up smoking im

48、mediately.5. He talked of other cultures as if/though they were more familiar to him than his own. 查缺补漏1. (2018浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I was_shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.2. The earthquake was so big that most of

49、 the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy). 3. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to_survive (survive) without friends in life.4. The headmaster delivered (deliver) an important speech at the meeting yesterday, which left a deep impression on his students.5. A larg

50、e number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.【教师用书独具】 单元话题语篇练(2020山东济南4月模拟)The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by 1. the country is far from over. Many of the fires 2. sent (send) smoke high into the atmos

51、phere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus clouds (积雨云). The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, 3. resulting (result) in fire tornadoes (龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that 4. are_found (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. I

52、t will take time to fully know how much harm the 5. fires (fire) have done to wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6. to_continue (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen 7. regularly (regular) duri

53、ng the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation 8. worse (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made 9. it to South America.There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air

54、 for months, 10. which could have a small effect on the planets climate. 单元话题写作练1. 补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。One night, everything began_to_shake. 水管爆裂，砖从房子上掉了下来。The pipes cracked and the bricks fell down the houses.所有的人都感到很震惊。All the people felt shocked. 无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成废墟。No matter w

55、here we went, we found everything lay in_ruins. 仿佛到了世界末日！It seemed as_if the world were at an end! 有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。Some people were_injured;_some were buried in the ruins. 来自全国各地的士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了一些被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。The soldiers who were from all parts of our country came to the rescue right away, saved

56、 those who were_trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. 很多其他救援队伍被组织起来派送各种供给品。Many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies. 他们不遗余力地给幸存者以及时的救助。 They spared_no_effort to offer instant aid to the survivors. 在全国人民的帮助下，我们在灾难面前保持镇静。With the aid of people from the whole country,

57、we kept calm in the face of the disaster.2. 升级平淡句(1)用 with复合结构合并1中句和句One_night,_everything_began_to_shake,_with_the_pipes_cracking_and_the_bricks_falling_down_the_houses.(2)用非谓语动词作状语合并1中句和句Many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies, sparing no effort to offer instant aid to t

58、he survivors._3. 衔接成文One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes cracking and the bricks falling down the houses. All the people felt shocked. No matter where we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world were at an end! Some people were injured; some were buried in t

59、he ruins. The soldiers who were from all parts of our country came to the rescue right away, saved those who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. Besides, many other rescue teams were organised to deliver various supplies, sparing no effort to offer instant aid to the survivors. With the aid of people from the whole country, we kept calm in the face of the disaster.