2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习培优练：选择性必修第四册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION WORD版含解析.doc

1、课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点同义形容词(短语)的替换一、多样表达1悲伤的：sad heartbroken, depressed, frustrated2富有的：rich wealthy, welloff3穷的：poor needy, in poverty4开心的：happy cheerful, delighted5聪明的：clever smart, intelligent, sharpminded6苦难的：difficult tough, challenging, stressful7巨大的：big enormous, vast, massive8美丽的：beautiful eyecatc

2、hing, goodshaped, appealing, charming9最便宜的：the cheapest the least expensive10害怕的：afraid frightened, scared, panicstricken11不同的：different various, diverse, a variety of12粗鲁的：rude impolite13疲劳的：tired worn out, exhausted14有益的：helpful beneficial, profitable, rewarding15严重的：serious severe16勇敢的：brave fear

3、less, bold, courageous17出名的：famous notable, renowned, noticeable18明显的：clear obvious, evident, apparent19少量的：a bit of a small quantity/number/amount of20重要的：important significant, essential, vital, of great importance, of great significance二、佳句观摩1Youre brave and you can make it.Youre fearless/bold/co

4、urageous and you can make it.你勇敢无畏，一定会获得成功。2You didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him sad.You didnt need to tell him the news; it just made him heartbroken/depressed/frustrated.你无须告诉他这一消息，那只会使他悲哀。3Most of these people arent very rich.Most of these people arent very_wealthy/welloff.这些人大都不

5、算太富裕。4She sets aside a bit of money every month.She sets aside a small quantity/number/amount of money every month.她每月都存一点儿钱。三、佳句仿写用同义词替换下列句子中的黑体部分1He is always ready to help the poor.He is always ready to help those_who_are_needy/in_poverty他总是乐于帮助贫穷的人。2The cheapest articles at the sale were quickly

6、 snapped up.The_least_expensive articles at the sale were quickly snapped up.大减价货物中最便宜的物品很快被抢购一空。3Of course Im not ill.Im just tired.Of course Im not ill.Im just worn_out/exhausted我当然没有生病，只是有点累。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会科技3D打印的有血管的心脏In a major medical breakthrough，Tel Aviv University researchers have “pr

7、inted” the worlds first 3D vascularized (血管化的) engineered heart using a patients own cells and biological materials.Their findings were published on April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart” says Prof.Tal

8、Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering，who led the research for the study.“This heart is made from human cells and patientspecific biological materials.In our process，these materials serve as the bioinks，something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of compl

9、ex tissue models，” Prof.Dvir says.“People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past，but not with cells or with blood vessels.Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”According to Prof.Dvir，the use of

10、“native” patientspecific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts，Prof.Dvir says.They then plan to transplant the 3Dprinted heart into animal models.“We

11、need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes.“The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract (收缩)，but we need them to work together.Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our methods efficacy (功效) and usefulness.Maybe，in ten years，there will be organ printers i

12、n the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”文章大意：特拉维夫大学的研究人员使用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏，这是一项重大的医学突破。1What does Prof.Dvir think of an early 3Dprinted heart?AIt was highly practical.BIt was too expensive.CIt was personalized. DIt was too simple.解析：D考查

13、推理判断。根据第二段倒数第二句Dvir教授所说的话“People managed to 3Dprint the structure of a heart in the past，but not with cells or with blood vessels.”可知，在过去，人们设法3D打印出了心脏的结构，但没有细胞或血管。据此可推知，Dvir教授认为过去3D打印的心脏很简单，故D项正确。2What do we know about the latest 3Dprinted heart?AIt can be cultured in the lab.BIt can match a patient

14、 perfectly.CIt has been transplanted into animals.DIt has been widely used in hospitals.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and teaching them to behave like hearts”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培养这些打印出来的心脏，并“教它们像心脏一样运动”，据此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培养，故A项正确。3Wh

15、at is Prof.Dvirs attitude to the development of the printed heart?AAmbiguous. BPositive.CDisapproving. DCautious.解析：B考查观点态度。根据最后一段中Dvir教授所说的话“Maybe，in ten years，there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”可知，可能在十年后，世界上一些最好的医

16、院将会有器官打印机；据此可推知，Dvir教授对打印心脏的发展持乐观的态度，故B项正确。4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo explain the basic principle of 3D technology.BTo introduce a breakthrough of medical research.CTo doubt the medical value of a new invention.DTo prove the effectiveness of the new technology.解析：B考查写作意图。根据

17、文章第一段第一句并结合文章其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项医学突破：特拉维夫大学的研究人员利用病人自己的细胞和生物材料3D打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的心脏。故B项正确。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会科学与技术公众科学(2021福州市高三适应性练习)As a kid，Joanna Buckley wasnt interested in scienceuntil she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.“Over the course of a few weeks，Id co

18、mpleted every experiment.But in the process，I polluted my parents dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，”she says.Now science is Buckleys job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize，firsthand，how important it i

19、s to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckleys athome experiments. Thats because these experiments are real，looking for novel answers.“Compare

20、d with a oneoff experiment，whats cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，”says Amy Prunuske，who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job，because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”

21、Jennifer Longs job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach.She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that its real.And they like that its important，and that it matters.”Citizen science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped ass

22、ess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan.And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science.They hope that fun，exciting citizen science projects can help them keep en

23、gaged，Long says. And she has some evidence that its working.“Last year，we did have a couple of students say，I really think I want to be a scientist now”文章大意：文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。5What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo show experiments can make teens interested in science.BTo prove failur

24、e is the mother of success in science.CTo state that Buckley has a talent for science.DTo praise Buckley for her strong will.解析：A考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Now science is Buckleys job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England.”可知，Buckley成

25、功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。据此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。6Why is citizen science more fun?AIt needs to seek for new solutions.BIt carries out experiments frequently.CIt must carry out experiments in groups.DIt is supposed to handle complex problems.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Tha

26、ts because these experiments are real，looking for novel answers.”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。据此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。7What can we know from what Prunuske said?AShe participated in the experiment.BShe took pride in what students took up.CCitizen science is popular with students.DScientists are

27、 willing to employ students.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“Compared with a oneoff experiment，whats cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的；据此可推知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。8What is Longs attitude towards citizen science?AConcerned. BSupportiv

28、e.CDoubtful. DUnclear.解析：B考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。据此可推知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。.完形填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我人际关系乐于助人(2021山东省新高考质量测评联盟联考)Ice and snow were beating the window and the wind almost swept everything away outside.I _1_ how I would get home.The 12mile route took me up and

29、down steep hills and around _2_ turns.I whispered a prayer for _3_My old green Blazer SUV was doing wonderfully over the _4_ roadway._5_ as I climbed one of the steepest and scariest hills, I noticed the tires were slipping, and I decided it was time to _6_ to fourwheel drive.Slowly the tires _7_ th

30、e road, and the top came _8_ sight.Unfortunately, I had just made it when the _9_ stopped.I pushed and pulled the lever (杠杆)nothing happened.I was _10_ with snow and ice balls around.Even though I had met no one on this lonely road, I hoped someone might come to _11_After a few minutes, I _12_ an ol

31、d pickup truck.A smiling young man Id never seen before rolled down his window, asking if I needed help.I ensured him I did.Then he showed me how to operate the fourwheeldrive shifting gear (齿轮), locking it into _13_14_， I got the Blazer starting.When I thanked the stranger and asked if he lived aro

32、und the area, he just said，“Oh, over there.”Do I believe in angels? You _15_！文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在风雪交加的一天开车回家，12英里的路线让作者在陡峭的山上上下颠簸，车辆在冰雪覆盖的路面上出现了问题，一个好心人帮助了作者，使得作者认为好心人就像天使一样。1Awondered BrealizedCassumed Dstated解析：A句意：我不知道怎么回家。wondered想知道；对感到惊讶；realized意识到；实现；assumed假设；认为；stated说明；写明。根据前文“Ice and

33、 snow were beating the window and the wind almost swept everything away outside.(冰雪拍打着窗户，风几乎把外面的一切都吹走了。)”可知，户外环境很恶劣，作者认为“回家”成为了一个问题，不知道该怎么办。故选A项。2Asmooth BsharpCsimple Dslight解析：B句意：这条12英里的路线让我在陡峭的山上上下颠簸，还绕了几个急转弯。smooth光滑的；sharp急剧的(转弯)；simple简单的；slight轻微的。根据前文“steep hills”可知山坡很陡峭，因此会有急转弯(sharp turns

34、)。故选B项。3Aliberty BpriorityCsafety Drecovery解析：C句意：我低声祈祷安全。liberty自由；priority优先处理的事；safety安全；recovery痊愈；好转。根据前文“Ice and snow were beating the window and the wind almost swept everything away outside.”“The 12mile route took me up and down steep hills and around _ turns.”可知，天气状况恶劣，路况恶劣，因此可知作者希望能够“安全”到家

35、。故选C项。4Aicecovered BfloodruinedCbadlybuilt Dwellequipped解析：A句意：我那辆旧的绿色开拓者越野车在冰雪覆盖的路面上行驶得很好。icecovered冰封的；floodruined洪水破坏的；badlybuilt建的很差；wellequipped装备充足的。根据前文“Ice and snow were beating the window and the wind almost swept everything away outside.”可知，冰雪拍打着窗户，风几乎把外面的一切都吹走了，在这样的天气下，道路应是结冰了。故选A项。5ABut

36、BOrCSo DAnd解析：A句意：但当我爬上其中一座最陡峭、最可怕的山时，我注意到轮胎在打滑，于是我决定是时候改用四轮驱动了。But但是；Or或者；So因此；And和；而且。分析可知，本句“as I climbed one of the steepest and scariest hills, I noticed the tires were slipping(当我爬上一座最陡峭、最可怕的山时，我注意到轮胎在打滑)”与前文“My old green Blazer SUV was doing wonderfully over the _ roadway.(我那辆旧的绿色开拓者越野车在冰雪覆盖的

37、路面上行驶得很好。)”为转折关系。故选A项。6Aattend BappealCswitch Dlead解析：C句意：但当我爬上其中一座最陡峭、最可怕的山时，我注意到轮胎在打滑，于是我决定是时候改用四轮驱动了。attend参加；出席；appeal吸引；switch转向；lead引领；通往。根据前文“as I climbed one of the steepest and scariest hills, I noticed the tires were slipping(当我爬上一座最陡峭、最可怕的山时，我注意到轮胎在打滑)”可知，轮胎开始打滑，作为司机，作者应是采取措施避免打滑，开启四轮驱动。s

38、witch to“切换到；转到；转变成”，符合语境表达。故选C项。7Alost control of Btook charge ofCgot along with Dheld on to解析：D句意：轮胎慢慢地贴在路面上，山顶映入眼帘。lost control of失控；took charge of负责；got along with和睦共处；held on to坚持；紧握。根据前文“as I climbed one of the steepest and scariest hills, I noticed the tires were slipping, and I decided it wa

39、s time to _ to fourwheel drive.”可知作者注意到轮胎在打滑，开启了四轮驱动，因此可知，汽车不再打滑，车轮贴在地面上了。故选D项。8Ainto BbeyondCover Dfrom解析：A句意：轮胎慢慢地贴在路面上，山顶映入眼帘。into进入；beyond超出；over遍及；多于；from来自于。come into sight，固定结构，意为“出现在眼前，可以望见”。故选A项。9Awind BsnowCvehicle Ddriver解析：C句意：不幸的是，我刚要向坡上开，车就停了下来。wind风；snow雪；vehicle车辆；driver司机。根据后文“I pus

40、hed and pulled the levernothing happened.( 我推了一下然后又拉了控制杆什么也没发生。)”可知，作者推拉控制杆应该是因为车停了下来。故选C项。10Ahurt BstuckCengaged Dpanicked解析：B句意：我被雪和冰球困住了。hurt伤害；stuck粘住；卡住；engaged从事；吸引；panicked使恐慌。根据前文背景句“Ice and snow were beating the window and the wind almost swept everything away outside.”以及“I had just made it

41、 when the _ stopped.”可知，雪下的很大，风也很强烈，且作者的车行驶不了了，应是卡住了。be stuck with“无法摆脱；陷在”。故选B项。11Alife BpowerChelp Dmind解析：C句意：虽然在这条僻静的路上我一个人也没有遇见，但我希望有人能来帮助我。life生命；power力量；能力；help帮助；mind想法；才智。结合句子“Even though I had met no one on this lonely road, I hoped someone might come to _”句意可知，作者希望在这条孤单的路上能有人出现帮忙。故选C项。12A

42、boarded BmissedCcalled Dspied解析：D句意：几分钟后，我发现了一辆旧的小卡车。boarded登上(火车、船或飞机)；missed错过；想念；called呼叫；拜访；spied从事间谍活动；突然看见；认出。根据后文“an old pickup truck”可知，作者应是看到了一辆小货车。故选D项。13Acomfort BsceneCaction Dplace解析：D句意：然后他向我展示如何操作四轮驱动换挡装置，并把它锁在适当的位置。comfort舒服；安慰；scene场面；景象；action行动；行为；place地方。结合句子“Then he showed me ho

43、w to operate the fourwheeldrive shifting gear, locking it into_”可知，这个年轻人教给作者如何操作四轮驱动换挡装置，且需要将其锁住在恰当的位置。故选D项。14ABy no means BIn no timeCIn some way DIn the meanwhile解析：B句意：很快，我就启动了车子。By no means绝不；In no time立刻，很快；In some way在某些方面；在某种程度上；In the meanwhile同时；在此期间。根据前文“Then he showed me how to operate th

44、e fourwheeldrive shifting gear, locking it into_”可知，这个年轻人教给作者如何操作四轮驱动换挡装置以及如何锁住到恰当的位置，因此作者的车又可以发动起来了，B项“in no time”可表达作者当时的急切且激动的心情。故选B项。15Afail BapproveCcount Dbet解析：D句意：我相信天使的存在吗？(当然)你说的没错。fail失败；approve喜欢；赞赏；count数数；bet对下注； 下赌注。结合句子“When I thanked the stranger and asked if he lived around the are

45、a, he just said，Oh, over there.Do I believe in angels? (当我向陌生人道谢并问他是否住在附近时，他只是说：“哦，在那边。”我相信有天使吗？)”可知，作者认为帮助他的这个陌生人像天使一样，因此本句应是非常肯定的回答。“You bet！”表达“当然；肯定地”含义，符合语境和作者的心境。故选D项。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会饮食文化白茶(2021广东省六校第一次联考)China is considered the home of tea.Chinese tea had begun to be exported to Japan and

46、 Korea before the Tang Dynasty (618907).In the early period of the 17th century，Chinese tea 1._ (export) to Europe.The tea from China is in great abundance and variety.2._ (tell) if a pot of tea is nice you can mainly rely 3._ the color，smell，taste and form.One of Chinas six famous tea types is whit

47、e tea，4._ gets its name from its silverwhite color.It 5._ (be) mainly grown and produced in Fujian province with a long history，dating back to Northern Song Dynasty (9601127) in ancient China.Compared with other major types of tea，it distinguishes itself by 6._ (it) refreshingly sweet taste and beau

48、tiful silverneedlelike shape，thus enjoying great popularity among tea 7._ (drink).In addition，the longer it is preserved，the better healthbuilding effects it has.8._ (amazing)，it has been proved that if drunk regularly，white tea will greatly benefit peoples physical and mental health.This is because

49、 it can not only protect people from being 9._ (strike) by some common diseases，10._ also can effectively relieve symptoms.文章大意：中国被认为是茶的故乡，本文主要介绍了中国的白茶的特色以及白茶对健康的益处。1解析：was exported考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语In the early period of the 17th century可知，此处应用一般过去时，且分析句子结构可知，export和Chinese tea构成被动关系，故填was exported。

50、2解析：To tell考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语，故用动词不定式To tell。3解析：on考查介词。rely on是固定短语，意为“依靠”。4解析：which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词white tea，从句中缺少主语，故用which来引导该从句。5解析：is考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，这里为一般性描述，故用一般现在时；又主语为It，故填is。6解析：its考查代词。空处修饰其后的名词词组，故用形容词性物主代词its。7解析：drinkers考查名词的单复数。根据句中的“popularity among”可知，此处表示在喝茶的人中大受欢迎。又结合常识可知喝茶的人不止一个，drinker是可数名词，故用其复数形式。8解析：Amazingly考查副词。分析句子结构可知，该词位于句首修饰整个句子，作状语，故用副词形式。9解析：struck考查过去分词。根据句中的“being”“by some common diseases”可知，此处用strike的过去分词形式。10解析：but考查连词。结合语境可知，此处考查固定用法not only.but also.。