2022版高考人教版英语一轮学案：必修3 UNIT 2　HEALTHY EATING WORD版含解析.doc

1、单元主题语境人与自我之健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度(2020新高考全国卷)话题：就餐同伴影响食物摄取量词数：343难度：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier p

2、eople who order large portions (份), its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participa

3、te in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her wei

4、ght to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of ca

5、ndy from the snack bowls.In the other case, she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions

6、.If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will ICall it the “Ill have what shes having” effect.However, well adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion, Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot, Ill foll

7、ow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim, why cant I?语篇解读本文介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和就餐习惯会影响他人的食物摄入量的研究。研究表明“从他心理”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自己对就餐同伴的看法有所调整。12What is the recent study mainly about?AFood safety.BMovie viewership.CConsumer demand.DEating behavior.解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇短文的内容特别是第一段中第一句研究的结论可知，文章主要在讲就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量，即选D。

8、答案：D13What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?ABig eaters.BOverweight persons.CPicky eaters.DTall thin persons.解析：词义猜测题。根据前面“和现存研究的结论你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭相反”可知，我们要避免的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人；还有根据三、四段的两次实验的结果可知，就餐同伴如果苗条且吃得很多的话，就会使同餐者的食物摄入量大增，可知，就餐时一定要避免和身材苗条但食物摄入量大的人在一起，不然就会摄入过多的食物。故选D。

9、答案：D14Why did the researchers hire the actor?ATo see how she would affect the participants.BTo test if the participants could recognize her.CTo find out what she would do in the two tests.DTo study why she could keep her weight down.解析：推理判断题。根据研究的结论可知，雇演员就是为了证明就餐者的食物摄入量是否受就餐同伴的影响，故雇用这个演员的作用就是看看她会如何影

10、响其他就餐者。故选A。答案：A15On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?AHow hungry we are.BHow slim we want to be.CHow we perceive others.DHow we feel about the food.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果一个超重的人吃得很多，就餐同伴就会吃得相对少些，因为看到了大吃的后果；但是如果一个苗条的人吃得多，就会有“他吃得多且能保持苗条，我也可以”的心理，因此调整是建立在如何看待就餐同伴的前提之

11、上的，故选C。答案：C一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1consumption n(能量、食物或材料的)消耗2contrary to 与相反3conduct experiments 做实验4undergraduate n本科生5state n状态，状况二、思维品质1阅读技巧利用情境推断法巧解词义猜测题猜测词义、句意都离不开文章的语言情境，因此我们可以通过推断具体的情境来猜测词义或句意。例如我们可以采用“情境推断法”来解答文章中的第13题，根据第一段第二句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating wi

12、th heavier people who order large portions，its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”可知，现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反你真正需要避免的是那些食欲大的人。此处的beanpoles意思应与heavier people相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。2分析长难句并翻译句子And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heav

13、ier people who order large portions，its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.分析本句是主从复合句。and承接上文；contrary to existing research.large portions是形容词短语作状语；its the beanpoles with big appetites you really.是主干。that says you.large portions是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词research，其中包括who引导的定语从句who

14、order large portions，修饰先行词heavier people；you really need to avoid是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词beanpoles。翻译现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而又高又瘦的人在一起进餐。三、文化素养思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你对健康饮食有何认识？人的健康与饮食密切相关，合理饮食能预防一些疾病的发生和发展，提高人体的健康水平，使人健康长寿，同时保持良好的身材，增加自信。只有良好的身体素质，才能赢得竞争，没有健康的身体，一切都是零。授课提示：对应学生用书第75页NO.1单词在语

15、境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1raw materials 原材料2combine theory with practice使理论与实践相结合3benefit from exercise 从锻炼中获益4consult reference books查阅参考书5digest everything in the book领会书中的一切6limit the expense 限制开支7fry the vegetables 油炸蔬菜8out of balance失去平衡9build up your strength 增强你的体质10pay off your debt付

16、清你的债务11look at sb.with an angry glare对某人怒目而视12get/give/offer a discount 得到/给予/提供折扣13a little white lie善意的小谎言14a specialist in diet饮食专家再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1As we all know，no one is perfect，and everyone has his own weakness (weak)2David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had bet

17、ter strengthen the relationship with him.(strength)3We cant always combine work with pleasure，and the combination is hard to get.(combine)4The natural resources we have are limited.Therefore，we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit.(limit)5Children are always curious about eve

18、rything they see and hear.They often ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity，wed better answer them patiently.(curiosity)6Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well，it will be beneficial to your future career.It is reported that many graduates have b

19、enefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆musclebarbecuemuttonobesitybreast flavour garlic proteinsugary poisonous fibre vitaminroast baconNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1before long 不久以后2put on weight 增加体重3lose weight 体重减轻；减肥4spy on each other互相监视5glare at

20、 each other彼此盯着看6win back confidence重新获得信心7earn ones living by fishing靠捕鱼谋生8cut down on sugar 少吃糖9get away with telling lies说谎不受惩罚10be heavily in debt 负债累累词汇积累1不“看”不知道，一“看”真奇妙glare vi.& n. 怒目而视stare vi.& n. 凝视glance vi.& n. 扫视；一瞥witness vt.& n. 目击(者)observe vt.& vi. 观察watch vt. 看spot vt. 发现；认出have a

21、 look at 看一看2后缀ed形容词集锦balanced平衡的limited有限的complicated复杂的 experienced有经验的learned博学的 skilled熟练的related相关的 united联合的，统一的3inn.表示“处于之中”in debt欠债in trouble在困境中in danger处于危险中in progress在进展中in fashion正在流行in operation正在运行NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义没有比时间更贵重的东西，但也没有比时间更容易被忽视的东西。Nothing is

22、more valuable than time，but nothing is less valued.(2020高考全国卷)2as引导方式状语从句如果所有来仙女湖公园的游客都像这对夫妇那样做的话，这个湖将会被严重污染并很快成为一个巨大的垃圾场。If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turn into a huge dustbin.3have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，常与“cant/couldnt”连用，表示“不

23、允许某人做某事”我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。I cant have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner.You must apologize to her immediately.4neither.nor.意为“既不也不”，在句中连接两个并列的成分我们的学校位于美丽的天津城，在秋天它既不太热也不太冷。Our school lies in Tianjin City，which is beautiful.In autumn，it is neither too hot nor too cold.授课提示：对应学生用书

24、第76页1balance n天平；平衡；账户余额vt.平衡；权衡写作佳句 Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance you must keep going on.生活就像骑自行车。只有不断前行才能保持平衡。归纳拓展 (1)keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡keep ones balance保持平衡lose ones balance失去平衡(2)balance A against B权衡/比较A和B(3)balanced adj.均衡的keep a balanced diet保持均衡的饮食 实战演练基础练透

25、单句语法填空/熟词生义Before making the final decision，youd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.Youd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.账户余额能力提升完成句子It is very important to keep a balance between st

26、udy and a social life，so youd better join the team.保持学习与社会生活之间的平衡很重要，因此你最好参加这个团队。2lie vi.说谎(lied，lied，lying)；躺；位于(lay，lain，lying)n.谎言写作佳句If you hadnt told a lie to your girlfriend，you would not have broken up last week.如果你没有对你女朋友撒谎，你们上周也不会分手了。归纳拓展 (1)tell a lie/lies (to sb.)(向某人)撒谎；说谎话a white lie一个善

27、意的谎言(2)lie to sb.向某人撒谎lie in位于；在于lie down躺下实战演练基础练透单句语法填空My mother wont have me lying (lie) to her no matter what happens.The survivors lay (lie) on the beach，exhausted and shocked.The moment the bell rang，he laid (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.能力提升完成句子There is no doubt that learning

28、 English online lies in there being many free resources related to English on the Internet.(2020高考天津卷)毫无疑问，在线学习英语的优势在于网络上有许多与英语相关的免费资源。There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.毫无疑问，这个候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。实战贴士 单词词性词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie

29、vi.说谎liedliedlyinglievi.躺下；位于laylainlyinglayvt.放置；下蛋laidlaidlaying3.strength nC长处；强项 U力量；体力写作佳句 Besides，Chinese has always been my strength among all the subjects.此外，中文一直是我所有课程中的强项。归纳拓展 (1)build up ones strength/body强身健体strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点the strength of.is that.的优点是(2)strengthen vt.& vi.加

30、强；巩固 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空As a good teacher，you should know your students strengths (strength) and weaknesses.As far as I know，repairs are necessary to strengthen (strength) the bridge.能力提升完成句子To build up our strength，we often hold all kinds of activities，such as playing basketball and table tennis.为了强身健体，

31、我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、乒乓球等。实战贴士 表示“优点和缺点”时，strength，weakness常用其复数形式。4limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度写作佳句 A mans life is limited，but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.一个人的生命是有限的，但是，为人民服务是无限的。我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务中去。归纳拓展 (1)limit.to.把限制

32、在内(2)beyond the limit超过限度within the limits of在范围内set a limit to sth.对规定限度there is a/no limit to doing sth.对是有限制的/无限制的(3)limited adj.有限的be limited to 受限于limitless adj.无限的实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/单句改错After all，individual strength is limited (limit)Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each day and stic

33、k to it.As we all know，a lack of formal education will limit to your job opportunities.去掉toThe teaching of history should not be limiting to dates and figures.limitinglimited能力提升一句多译他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。His English is so limited that he cant understand what the native speakers say.So limited

34、 is his English that he cant understand what the native speakers say.(倒装)5benefit n好处；利益；优势vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益写作佳句 It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us.你们来我们学校参加交流项目已经两周了，这项活动使我们所有人受益。归纳拓展 (1)benefit sb.对某人有益benefit from.从中受益；得益于(2)

35、be of (great)benefit to.be (very) beneficial to.对(非常)有益处(3)beneficial adj.有益的；有利的实战演练基础练透单句语法填空It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust，which is also beneficial (benefit) to your mental health.The students benefitting (benefit) most from college are those who are totally

36、engaged (参与) in academic life，taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源)(2019高考北京卷)能力提升一句多译很好地了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。(2018高考全国卷)Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit you greatly.(benefit vt.)Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be of great ben

37、efit to you.(benefit n)Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be very beneficial to you.(beneficial adj.)实战贴士 benefit一般为不可数名词，但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词。6combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合写作佳句 If he can combine his ability with hard work，he should be very successful.如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，应该会很有成就。归纳拓展 (1)

38、combine.with/and.把与结合起来(2)combination n结合；联合；组合；联合体；结合物in combination (with)(与)联合/结合 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The study of traditions should be combined (combine) with practice.The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.能力提升完成句子Many people enjoy combining a holiday with

39、learning a new skill.许多人喜欢在休假的时候学习一项新技能。实战贴士 表示“把与相连接”的短语还有：connect.with/to.；associate.with.；link.with/to.；relate.to.等。7get away with被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚；携某物潜逃写作佳句Our English teacher is very strict with us.He wont have us getting away with cheating in the exam.我们的英语老师严格要求我们，他绝不允许我们在考试中的作弊行为不受处罚。归纳拓展 get aw

40、ay (from)(从)脱离；摆脱()get along/on with与相处；进展get down to (doing) sth.开始认真地做某事get over克服(困难)；从中恢复过来get through完成；接通电话；通过get across (to sb.)(向某人)解释清楚；使(某人)了解实战演练基础练透用get的相关短语填空Every now and then I like to spend a few days in the country to get away from the noise and pollution of London.I rang him severa

41、l times this morning but could not get through to him.If we can get over present difficulties，then everything should be all right.能力提升完成句子There are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise，the dirt and the people.有时我需要躲到郊外去，远离嘈杂、尘土和人群。8cut down削减；减少；删节；删减；砍倒；降低；杀

42、死；夺去的生命写作佳句 As is known to us，smoking is harmful to our health.Youd better quit smoking or at least cut down the amount of smoking.众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有害，你最好戒烟或者至少减少吸烟量。归纳拓展 cut in插话；超车抢道cut up切碎；切开cut through开辟(出路或通道)cut off切断；中止；隔绝cut away 切除；剪去cut across 抄近路；走捷径 实战演练基础练透一词多义My uncle hasnt been able to q

43、uit smoking，but at least he has cut down.减少；削减Hunger，cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.杀死；夺去的生命Immediate action should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment.砍倒能力提升完成语段He cut in，“We shouldnt cut down the tree because itll give us shade in the summer.What we

44、 need to do now is to cut off the branches from the trunk.” We accepted his advice and cut away all the dead branches.Then wecut across the field and went home.他插话说：“我们不应该砍倒这棵树，因为夏天时它可以为我们提供树荫。我们现在要做的就是剪掉树干上的小分枝。”我们接受了他的建议，并且把树上的枯枝通通砍掉。然后我们穿过田野抄近路回家了。9否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义教材原句 “Nothing could be better，”

45、he thought.他想：“再没有比这更好(吃)的了。”归纳拓展 (1)否定词比较级“没有比更；没有像一样”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等(2)比较级than(3)can/couldnever/notbe 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/补全句子No one could perform better (well) than the athlete who achieved great success in the Olympic Games.Mr.Smith is a great teacherI really couldnt find

46、a better (good) teacher.When talking with the elderly，you cant be too polite/polite enough (再礼貌也不为过)能力提升一句多译就我个人而言，在我们的日常生活中身体健康最重要。(2018高考全国卷)In my view，health is the most important thing in our daily life.From my point of view，nothing is more important than health in our daily life.(否定词比较级)10can n

47、ot/could not have sb.doing sth.“不允许某人做某事”教材原句 He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies.他不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。归纳拓展 (1)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“允许/容忍某人/物做某事”时，常用于否定句中；意为“让某人/物一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性，常用于肯定句中。(2)have的其他句式：have sb.do sth.让某人做某事have sth.done让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事have sth.to do有某事要做(

48、主语自己做)实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/完成句子When he was riding a bike in the street，he had his arm injured (injure)I cant go to watch the football match with you tonight because I have an important meeting to attend (attend)It is not a good idea to have the machine running/working (让机器一直运转) all the time.能力提升完成语段Yester

49、day，Jack had his hair cut.However，when he returned home，he found he had his document stolen.He was very worried because his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.昨天，杰克去理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常着急，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末加班的。授课提示：对应学生用书第79页 教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(湖北卷)The sky was clear an

50、d lit by the glare of the moon，and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.n.刺眼的光(浙江卷)But the helicopter didnt come back again，and the day became darker.The slim hope in Janes eyes faded away.adj.微小的(江苏卷)Rich countries gain more from powerful Ninos, on balance，than

51、they lose.总而言之，总的来说(北京卷)Now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.n.折扣2一词多义(2020高考全国卷)Cattleraising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.AAvt.消化Bvt.领会Cn.文摘.语言运用高频

52、点1语法填空(2020高考江苏卷)For those who can stomach it，working out before breakfast may be more beneficial (benefit) for health than eating first.(2020高考全国卷)Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness (weak)(2020高考全国卷)As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers (customer)(2019高考全国卷

53、)The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined (combine)or addedthe symbols to get the reward.(2019高考天津3月) With a broader perspective，we will be more free，more openminded，and less limited (limit) in what we can become!2完形填空(浙江卷)Then I asked him if he had 48 the amount of feed he had given the

54、 chickens.He was shocked.It was like he did not think anyone would ever know what he had done.After a long silence，he said yes.He thought he would make more money if he gave them less food.I asked him，“Did you fool the chickens？”AbalancedBchecked outCcut downDmeasured解析：根据下文中的“gave them less food”可知

55、，此处表示“我问他是否减少了鸡的饲料量”。balance“平衡”；check out“检查”；cut down“减少，削减”；measure“测量，度量”。答案：C.书面表达亮点练1(2020高考全国卷)我写信是想请教你如何改编这部经典小说。(consult)Im writing to consult you about how to adapt the classic novel.2(2019高考浙江卷)培养自信和快乐的孩子的最好方法就是发现他们的长处并表扬他们。(strength)The best way to raise confident and happy kids is to fi

56、nd their strengths and praise them.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友Amy给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请根据下列要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括：1注意饮食合理，营养均衡；2经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；3调整心态。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)得知你因为发胖而伤心我感到难过。下面是如何保持健康的一些建议。Im sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put on weight.The following are

57、some tips on how to keep fit.为了保持健康，你需要均衡饮食。不要吃含糖和脂肪多的食物。含糖和脂肪高的食物容易使人发胖。To keep healthy，you need to have a balanced diet.Dont eat the food containing too much sugar and fat.It will make you put on weight easily.为了健康，拥有充足的睡眠和休息是有必要的。For the benefit of your health，it is necessary that you should have

58、 enough sleep and rest.像骑车和散步这类的运动对身体非常有好处。它可以使你保持体形。Sports like riding and walking are very beneficial/of great benefit to your health，which can help you keep in shape.充足的睡眠使你身体得到放松。Enough sleep makes your body relaxed.没有必要担心体重的增加和减少。There is no need to worry about weight gain and weight loss.健康是最重

59、要的。Health is the most important.希望我的建议对你会有所帮助。I hope my tips will be helpful to you.Step 2升级平淡句1用which引导定语从句升级句To keep healthy，you need to have a balanced diet.Dont eat the food containing too much sugar and fat，which will make you put on weight easily.2用“否定词与比较级连用表示最高级”句式升级句Nothing is more important than health.