2022版高考外研版英语一轮学案：语法专项突破 专题三 第一讲　代词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、专题三不可忽视的小词代词、冠词和介词(短语)第一讲代词单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.解析：考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。答案：its2(2020新高考全国卷)As well as looking a

2、t exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：考查代词。imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。主语是visitors，故用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。答案：themselves3(2020新高考全国卷)Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the dig

3、ital world with the guidance of (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.解析：考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。答案：our单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.See you soon. 解析：考查人称代词。句意：祝你在中国学习功夫好运。句中with是介词，其后

4、的your/you learning kung fu是v.ing形式的复合结构。v.ing形式的复合结构中要用形容词性物主代词或宾格代词。故将yours改为your或you。答案：yoursyour/you2(2019高考全国卷)From then on，I started to play my football with classmates after school. 解析：play football踢足球。答案：去掉my人称代词、物主代词、反身代词人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves

5、第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesYou，she and I will be in charge of the case.我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.我们的大脑和猴子的大

6、脑之间的主要差别在于我们的更大些。This is our new car.I bought it yesterday.这是我们的新汽车。我昨天买的。特别提醒人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。含有反身代词的习惯用语：by oneself 独自；独立地for oneself 亲自of oneself 自动地in oneself 本质上；本身help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself

7、 玩得开心 make yourself at home 别客气teach oneself 自学say to oneself 自言自语seat oneself 就座think for oneself 独立思考behave oneself 举止规矩come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉be not oneself 身体不舒服it的用法1指代前面提到过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词this，that；也可指代时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等；还可指代不清楚或没必要指出性别的说话对象Although he didnt like the movie，I decided to see it an

8、yway.尽管他不喜欢这部电影，我还是决定去看一看。Its early spring，but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？2作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或名词性从句(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.(for/of sb.)不定式It is no good/no use/useless/of no use doing sth.Its (well) worth doing sth.Itbe名词短语(a pity/a f

9、act/no wonder/.)/adj.that从句It特殊动词(seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb./.)that从句Itbe过去分词that从句Ittakes(sb.) some time/some money to do sth.It is dangerous for you to swim in the river.你在这条河里游泳是危险的。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.对学生们来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们

10、的将来做好准备。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/.itadj./n.(for/of sb.) to do/从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/.ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy.).doing.主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find.itimp

11、ortant/necessary/natural/essential/clear.that.(should).The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们区分开来。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。特别提醒it用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及de

12、pend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。3含有it的常考短语或句型(1)(2)不定代词1both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法词义指代 都任一都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynoneWhen shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?Either.Ill be in all day.我什么时候(给你)打电话方便，上午还是下午？都可以，我将一整天都在家。Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new

13、car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.这是一种二选一的情况：我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。2none，no one/nobody，nothing的用法指代提问特/泛指none人或物how many/much特指no one/nobody指人who泛指nothing指物what泛指How much money do you have?None.你有多少钱？一点也没有。3one，another，the other，some，others，the others的用法一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/

14、一些单数oneanotherthe other复数someothersthe othersI dont like this hat.Please show me another one.我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。I have two booksone is English，and the other is French.我有两本书，一本是英语的，另一本是法语的。Some are Chinese; others are Americans.一些是中国人，另外一些是美国人。There are many books on the table.Some are English，and th

15、e others are Chinese.桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的，其余的是汉语的。4many，much，few，little，a few，a little的用法不同点相同点many/muchmany修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词两者都表示“许多”few/little (少)few修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词表示“几乎没有”a few/a littlea few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词表示“一些”He can speak a little French，but he knows little Englis

16、h.他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。全部否定与部分否定1no one，nobody，none，neither，not.any/either以及“no名词”表示全部否定。2all，both，everyone，everybody，everything以及“every名词”与not连用时，表示部分否定。3not与总括性副词，如everywhere，always，wholly，altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。While I agree with most of what you said，I dont agree with everything.尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不同意所有的看

17、法。解代词类题目“三步走”第一步：如何确定填代词无提示词的语法填空题，当句子缺少主语或宾语时，首先考虑填代词。第二步：具体填什么代词分析句子成分，如果句子缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果句子缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；如果宾语与主语是指同一人，应用反身代词。无论是语法填空题还是改错题，涉及代词时一定要从上下文考虑，代词指代的是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。第三步：分析句式是否涉及it语法填空典例1However，quite a few other people，especially in the countryside，would fix a lucky da

18、te so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”分析：分析句子成分可知空格处需填指示代词，意为“生活在农村的那些人”，表达复数概念，因此填those。语法填空典例2When comes to Microsoft，the first person we think of is Bill Gates，the other cofounder of the firm.分析：分析句式可知空格处缺主语，构成固定句式“when it comes to.”，故填it。单句改错典例And this ambition may be due to the

19、 fact that Chinas young people are now more confident about themselves own culture. 分析：分析句式可知about后的成分在句中作介词宾语，own culture与“他们”之间为修饰关系，因此themselves改为their。单句语法填空1Written Chinese came out in its (it) earliest form approximately 6，000 years ago. 2Im sure，as my (I) life continues here in Beijing，I will

20、 be swept in the convenient life that Chinas rapid development is bringing about in the future.3It is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society.4Smartphones also have access to the Internet，and students can find answers themselves(they)5So when youre

21、 in a hard situation, you will believe in yourself (you) and spend the most difficult time with confidence.6I should have to teach all the subjects except art，which he taught himself(him)7So what is 6G supposed to bring，especially for ordinary people? For one thing，it will make mobile Internet work

22、at a speed of 1 TB per second.8Being drunk，sliding on a banana peel or whispering his own failures to nobody，he made us (we) feel more satisfied with our life without even having to use one word.9In return，bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls，so it is mutually beneficia

23、l to have such cooperation.10In the next few years，Hangzhou will try its best to prepare itself (it) for the big show.单句改错1Once you have found such true friends，do treasure him.himthem2At that moment，the assistant replied that it would cost myself much money to fix this watch.myselfme3Located in Jia

24、xing，Zhejiang Province，Wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.Like many small towns in the southern area，which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams.whichit4We all liked this activity which gave me relaxation from heavy schoolwork and promoted our friendship.meus5However，while that

25、is fun to keep up with the latest news，we may actually be putting ourselves in danger.thatit.语法填空The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.Awakening of Insects (惊蛰) usually 1. (fall) on March 6 and ends on March 20.Awakening of Insects signals a rise in temperature

26、and increased rain fall. As the 2. (three) solar term in the lunar year，3. (it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened 4. spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural 5. (activity)It is also a good time for peo

27、ple to enjoy fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city.6. (drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring. The most popular fruit in this season is pears.Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects 7. (be) a widelypractic

28、ed custom in China. As the weather gets 8. (warm) and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry，9. can cause colds or coughs. A pear is sweet, juicy and cool, moistening (湿润) the lungs to arrest a cough.10. ， pears are highly recommended during the Awakening of Inse

29、cts.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二十四节气中的第三个节气：惊蛰。1解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：惊蛰通常开始于3月6日结束于3月20日。本句中缺少谓语动词，结合主语Awakening of Insects 可知，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，由于全文是用一般现在时进行的客观介绍，故此处也用一般现在时。答案：falls2解析：考查序数词。句意：作为一年中的第三个节气根据句意及句中的定冠词the可知，这里表示“第三个节气”，故用序数词。答案：third3解析：考查代词。name为名词，需要形容词性物主代词修饰。答案：its4解析：考查介词。be awakened by表示“被所惊

30、醒”，为固定搭配。答案：by5解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：这是春耕的关键时间。此处activity用作可数名词，故用其复数形式。答案：activities6解析：考查非谓语动词。根据后面的fishing，enjoying，并结合句子结构可知，这里是or连接的三个动名词短语作主语。答案：Driving7解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语为eating pears around the Awakening of Insects，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需使用单数形式，结合本文的时态可知，应该用is。答案：is8解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后面的the air becomes dr

31、ier和句中的连词and可知，这里应该用比较级形式。答案：warmer9解析：考查定语从句的引导词。本句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用which引导。答案：which10解析：考查逻辑关系。句意：梨是甜的、多汁的，而且凉爽，有润肺抑制咳嗽的作用。因此，在惊蛰期间强烈建议(吃)梨。结合句意可知，上下句之间构成因果关系。答案：Therefore/Thus.短文改错Im glad to learn that you want to hire a few parttime reporter.Im quite interesting in the position, so I want to

32、apply it to improve my English.I am the Senior Two student from Xinhua Middle School.I think Im fit for the job. As a student, Ive read a lot of and have much knowledge in many fields. Im fond of English and did well in speaking and writing. I have won several prizes in all kinds of English contests

33、 inside and outside school. Beside, I enjoy working with others and its easy for you to get along well with people.Above all, I once work as a reporter for my school newspaper. Therefore, Im sure I can do the job well unless I get the position.Looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.答案：Im

34、glad to learn that you want to hire a few parttime .Im quite interestinginterested in the position, so I want to apply it to improve my English.I am Senior Two student from Xinhua Middle School.I think Im fit for the job. As a student, Ive read a lot of and have much knowledge in many fields. Im fon

35、d of English and well in speaking and writing. I have won several prizes in all kinds of English contests inside and outside school. , I enjoy working with others and its easy for to get along well with people.Above all, I once as a reporter for my school newspaper. Therefore, Im sure I can do the job well I get the position.Looking forward to your reply as soon as possible.