江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（1）及答案《含讲解》.doc

1、江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（1）及答案【含讲解】高考英语阅读理解（通用版）考前精讲精练（答案）阅读理解解题指导阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。 一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the tex

2、t/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text? 阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。如：(2013安徽卷B篇)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways

3、 that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes f

4、rom underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.63. The text is mainly about _.A. why paving roads reduces our water B. how much we depend on water to live C. why droughts occur more in dry climatesD. how human activity affects

5、our water supply解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题：人类活动影响着水资源的供应。(2013天津卷C篇)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered

6、 the deep meaning of his words. 50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the Detour B. The Road to Bravery C. Creativity out of Necessity D. Road Trip and Country Life解析：作者以诗人William Stafford对绕行道的理解引题，加上自己的亲身经历，进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分，也发现最好的自己。由此我们概括出文章的标题：绕路的魅力。二、细节理解题细节理解

7、题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。它的设题方式主要有以下两种：1. 以what, who, which, when, where, why, how等特殊疑问句的方式来提问，针对文章中的具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因(目的)、方式等来设问考查。解这类题时，大家可以带着问题去阅读文章，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，最后确定出正确答案。如:(2013课标卷I A篇)Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my fam

8、ilys last vacation. It was my six-year-old sons winter break from school, and we were heading home form Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New Y

9、ork, so I had to get back. But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.56. Why did Delta give the authors family credits?A. They took a later flight.B. They had early bookings.C. Their flight had been delayed.D. Their flight had been cancell

10、ed.解析：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点，即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值，从而理性消费。利用关键词查询可以在第一段中找到The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day这些相关信息。由该句可知，因为航班超员，航空公司(Delta)以信用卡的形式补偿我们每人400美金，要我们放弃座位，第二天再离开。故选A项(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。2. 以不完整的句子形式，针

11、对文章的某个细节设题，考查考生对此事实细节的认定和理解能力。如：(2013课标卷I B篇)Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pi

12、ctures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when thei

13、r number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spot

14、s. 61. Babies are sensitive to the change in _. A. the size of cardsB. the colour of picturesC. the shape of patternsD. the number of objects解析：本文为科普类说明文，主要讨论了婴儿是否能感知数量这一问题。根据第二段中When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the n

15、umber of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves可知，卡片上物品的数目而不是物品本身的变化对婴儿的视觉产生了影响，故选D。 三、推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生对文章的深层理解和挖掘，往往针对作者的态度或观点、文章的隐含意义、 文章的写作目的、 文章的体裁或者出处来设题考查。题干中往往含有一些标志性词语: infer, suggest, imply, conclude等。命题方式一般有： What can we infer from the last paragraph?What does

16、the second paragraph suggest?What attitude does the author of the text have towards ?What is the authors purpose in writing the text?做推理判断题时，考生要注意挖掘文章的隐含信息，从已知获得未知，而不是凭空臆断。很多文章，尤其是记叙文和议论文，其语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的态度、观点及作者的写作意图。考生应认真阅读文章并找出反映语境褒贬性的关键性词汇或句子，这对我们掌握文章主旨文意、 把握作者观点态度，从而正确地进行逻辑推断大有好处。如：(2013

17、课标卷IA篇)Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. 57. What can we learn about the author? A. She rarely misses a good deal.B. She

18、 seldom makes a compromise.C. She is very strict with her children.D. She is interested in cheap products.解析：根据文中第三段可知，作为一名一流的讨价还价高手，作者知道每一美元的价值，由此推断，她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易，故选A。(2013课标卷IC篇)But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the

19、big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (Ill come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so). 67. What is the authors attitude to 58% of readers?A. Fav

20、orable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.解析：根据文章最后一段特别是astonished可知，作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑，故选择C项。(2013安徽卷A篇)The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 59. The text probably comes from _.A. a guide book

21、B. a popular magazine C. a book review D. an official document解析：本文介绍了对美国年长者健康生活习惯的调查结果及专家建议。这是一份调查报告，出现的地方最可能是杂志，故选B项。四、语义猜测题语义推测题考查的可以是单词，也可以是短语或句子；可以是生词，也可以是熟词生义；还可以是代词的指代。语义猜测题常见命题形式有：The underlined word can be best replaced by _.Which of the following has the closest meaning to?What does the un

22、derlined word probably mean?语义猜测题常用解题技巧有：1. 根据上下文语境进行猜测； 2. 根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测； 3. 根据因果、递进、对比、转折、同位等关系进行推断。如：(2013课标卷IIC篇)The CRFs produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series with Sichuan pepper, red bean

23、(豆), cheese and other flavors also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others. 47. The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3

24、 probably refer to people who _. A. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavors解析：根据chocolate snobs后面的定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推断出答案为A项：这些人对制作巧克力的原材料很挑剔。(2013山东卷D篇) Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl

25、 Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaig

26、n. 72. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants. B. Sparrow restaurants. C. Customers of other fast-food chains.D. Other fast-food chains.解析：本文主要介绍了快餐连锁店Sparrow的经营遭受到了前所未有的困难，在此危难关头新的CEO Carl Pearson用自己独特的经营理念拯救了它，使它一跃成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一。划线单词所在句子表达为：

27、他作的调查显示那些在Sparrow消费过的顾客对其充满积极支持的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客也不愿意离开它们，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选D项。(2013北京卷A篇)The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the

28、center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.58. The underlined word “evenly” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A. continuously B. separatelyC. quickly D. equally 解析：根据本段内容可知，此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热

29、屋子中心部分，故此题选择D项equally “平等地，均匀地”。社会生活类。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The round-the-clock (24小时不断的)availability that cell phones have brought to peoples lives may be taking a toll on family life, a new study suggests. The study, which followed more than 1, 300 adults over 2 years,

30、 found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative“spillover”between work and home lifeand, in turn, less satisfaction with their family life. Spillover essentially (本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unc

31、lear. Work life may invade home life when a parent is taking job-related calls at home, for instanceor family issues may start to take up work time. For example, a child may call mom at work, telling her “microwave exploded”,explained Noelle Chesley, an assistant professor of sociology at the Univer

32、sity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the author of the study. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home. This may be especially true for working women, the study found. Among men, consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work

33、 issues to creep (潜入)into family time. But for women, the spillover tended to go in both directions. Being “connected”meant that work cut into home time, and family issues came into work life. Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be wa

34、ys to control the spillover, according to Chesley. Employers, she said, could look at their policies on contacting employees after working hours to make sure their expectations are“reasonable”. For their part, employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said. 1. The un

35、derlined phrase“taking a toll on”in Paragraph 1 probably means _.A. explainingB. protectingC. extendingD. damaging2. What is the purpose of offering the example“microwave exploded”in Paragraph 2? A. To show the microwave is of poor quality. B. To indicate how dependent the child is. C. To indicate f

36、amily issues affect work hours. D. To show work time creeps into family life. 3. As a result of negative“spillover”, people will feel _.A. less satisfied with their family lifeB. less satisfied with their workC. angry with their troublesome childrenD. unwilling to get married at an early age4. Accor

37、ding to Chesley, what is the best solution to the problem caused by cellphones? A. Refuse to use cell phones. B. Separate work hours from family time. C. Ignore coming calls during family time. D. Encourage women to stay at home. 5. We can learn from the passage that _.A. spillover makes the line be

38、tween work and home unclearB. cell phones seem to be convenient to familiesC. cell phones affect men as much as womenD. we can do nothing to solve the problem【参考答案】30.DCAB 社会生活类-31阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scie

39、ntists have found out that stress helps to bring it on. It is worthwhile to consider, therefore, what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them. Are we under-employed, or overburdened with too many responsibilities? Do we have a right balance of work and leisure

40、 in our lives? Are our relationships with family, friends or fellow workers in a good state? All these things can be a cause of stress, and it is best to face them honestly, and to bring our frustration (沮丧)into the open. People who have a row and then forget it are doing their health more good than

41、 those who bottle up their feelings. If our self-examination has brought any causes of stress to light, let us consider what we can do about them. It is possible to change jobs. We can make more leisure and fill in more fun, if we will accept a different living standard. We can improve our personal

42、relationships by a different attitude. It is we who allow other people to make ourselves unhappy. Often the little things that disturb us are not worth an hours anger. The teaching in the Bible“Let not the sun go down upon your wrath(愤怒)”is good advice from the health point of view as well as the re

43、ligious. 1. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the text? A. Stress is the direct cause of cancer. B. The cause of stress is worthy of serious study. C. Cancer is the number one killer in our society today. D. People who cant accept a different living standard are less likely to su

44、ffer from stress. 2. Judging from the text, the underlined word “row”in the third paragraph most probably means_.A. a noisy quarrelB. a boat journeyC. a good relationship D. a cured disease3. Which of the following is not mentioned as a way to reduce our stress? A. Changing our jobs. B. Changing our

45、 attitude about little things that make us unpleased. C. Speaking out about our frustrations. D. Reading the Bible. 4. “Let not the sun go down upon your wrath”probably means_.A. Dont let your anger last longB. Dont get angry even though the sun is going downC. Something important that disturbs us is worth an hours angerD. Watch the sunset while you are angry【参考答案】31.BADA