2022版高考英语一轮复习 29 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全课时提能练（含解析）.doc

1、课时提能练(二十九).阅读理解A(2020湖南三湘名校教育联盟大联考，D)A Dutch company has developed technology to follow the movements and activities of cows.The hightech system，powered by AI and motion sensors, is called “The Intelligent Dairy Farmers Assistant”The company，Connecterra，launched the system in the United States in De

2、cember after several years of testing and operation in Europe.A device is put around the neck of the cow to record its movements. This information is then processed by a computer that uses AI to learn about the animals behavior over time. The system can tell farmers what the cow is doing in real tim

3、e. This information can help predict when cattle get sick, become less productive or are ready for mating.Richard Watson owns the Seven Oaks Dairy in Waynesboro，Georgia. He was one of the first American farmers to use the hightech system.“It can pick up whether the cow is eating, whether it is walki

4、ng, whether it is drinking, whether it is lying down，standing up.”Richard said the system is a big help because it is impossible for farmers to keep up with the activities of each cow individually. He added that having a computer identify which of his 2, 000 cattle need attention could help improve

5、farm productivity by up to 10 percent. He estimated this difference could greatly increase his profits.“Just a 10 percent or 5 percent increase or improvement in productivity means hundreds of thousands of dollars to us, aside from the fact that we just want happier, healthier and more welfare of ou

6、r animals, anyway.”The founder and head of Connecterra is Yasir Khokhar. He said the idea for the system came while he was living on a dairy farm in the south of Amsterdam.“It turns out that the technology farmers use is really outdated in many aspects，” Yasir Khokhar told the Associated Press. “Mos

7、t of the technology that does exist is difficult to use and modern agriculture greatly needs new technology like this，”he added.The company says information about the cows can be collected and seen on a cellphone or other mobile devices. A text message can also inform farmers of concerns involving t

8、he animals.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。一家荷兰公司开发出了跟踪奶牛运动和活动的“智能奶农助手”的技术。文章说明了这个高科技系统的工作原理、人们对此的评价和看法，以及创始人开发这个高科技系统的原因。1How does “The Intelligent Dairy Farmers Assistant” help farmers?ABy giving alarms to farmers.BBy focusing farmers attention on cattle.CBy sending realtime information about cows to farmers.DBy te

9、lling farmers which cow is less productive or ready to mate.C细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，“智能奶农助手”通过向农民发送关于奶牛的实时信息来帮助奶农。故选C项。2Whats Richard Watsons attitude towards the hightech system?AIndifferent.BNeutral.CPassive.DConfident.D推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知，Richard Watson认为这个系统帮了很大的忙，他对其很有信心。故选D项。3Why did Yasir Khokhar come

10、 up with the idea of the hightech system?ABecause he once lived on a dairy farm.BBecause some agricultural technologies were out of date.CBecause he wanted to increase the income of farmers.DBecause some farming systems turned out to be a failure.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Yasir Khokhar提出了这个高科技系统的想法是因为一些农业技

11、术已经过时了，并且大部分现有的技术很难使用。故选B项。B(2019湖南三湘名校联考，D)Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the worlds first 3Dprinted concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists. There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmens jackets rode over the bridge on their b

12、ikes at the opening ceremony in the south eastern town of Gemert.“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it unique，” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took a

13、bout three months after starting in June and it is made of prestressed concrete, according to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould is filled，” it said on its website, adding “a printer dep

14、osits the concrete only where it is needed”The eightmetre (about 26foot ) bridge crosses a waterfilled channel to connect two roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation with the BAM Infra construction company. “Although designed for bikes, it could take

15、 up to 40 trucks，” the designers said. “We are looking to the future，” said the head of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and there was significantly less waste，” he added.The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a lead in

16、the cuttingedge technology of 3D printing, using computers and robotics to construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower. Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (展示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch sta

17、rtup called MX3D has begun printing a stainlesssteel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。世界上第一座3D打印的混凝土桥梁在荷兰建成。4According to the text, what makes the bridge unique?AIt adopts 3D p

18、rinting.BIt opens only to cyclists.CIt is made of new material.DIt uses much less concrete.A细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据本文，什么使得这座桥很独特？根据第二段第一句(这座桥不太大，但它是使用打印机打印出来的，这使得它很独特。)可知答案为A项(它使用3D打印技术)。B：它只对骑自行车的人开放；C：它是由新材料建造的；D：它使用的混凝土更少。5According to Marinus Schimmel, the bridge _.Afails to bear heavy loads more safely

19、Bneeds no concrete and mouldCis designed for bikes and trucksDis costefficient and ecofriendlyD细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据Marinus Schimmel的话，这座桥_？根据第三段最后一句(使用3D打印技术意味着节约许多稀有资源且浪费也会大大减少)可知答案为D项(划算且环保)。A：不能更安全地负重；B：没有使用混凝土和模具；C：只是为自行车和卡车设计的。6According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is tr

20、ue?AThe 3Dprinted bridges are all designed for bikes.B3Dprinted construction saves much manpower.CThe United States and China develop slowly in 3D printing.DThe stainless steel bridge by MX3D has been put into use.B细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据最后一段，下列哪项说法是正确的？根据最后一段第一句中“without using much traditional manpower”(没有

21、使用很多传统的人力)可知答案为B项(3D打印技术节约大量人力)。A：3D技术打印的桥都是为自行车设计的；C：美国、中国在3D打印技术方面发展缓慢；D：MX3D公司打印的不锈钢桥已经投入使用。7What is the best title for the text?AThe Value of the 3D Printing TechnologyBThe Netherlands Leads the Way in 3D PrintingCThe Worlds First 3Dprinted Bridge Opens to CyclistsD3D Printing is Widely Used in

22、Building BridgesC标题归纳题。本题题干意为：本文的最佳标题是什么？根据文章第一句可知答案为C项(世界上第一座使用3D技术打印的桥向骑自行车的人开放)。A：3D打印技术的价值；B：荷兰在3D打印技术方面处于领先地位；D：3D打印技术被广泛应用于桥梁建造。C(2019湖南岳阳模拟，D)The Japanese have always been at the forefront of deploying(利用) robots to perform jobs that are traditionally done by humans. Over the past year, human

23、oid robots have been seen helping customers at the Mitsubishi Bank and even filling in for human science communicators at museums. Therefore，it is not surprising to hear that the country has the worlds first hotel that is staffed almost entirely by the androids!The aptly (巧妙地) named Hennna (“strange

24、” in Japanese) Hotel which opened its doors on July 17 is located at Nagasakis Huis Ten Bosch theme park. It is the idea of Hideo Sawada，a Japanese businessman who is fascinated by the possibility of replacing humans with robots. His aim is to have the intelligent humanoids mainly run this futuristi

25、c hotel.Guests checkingin are welcomed by a familyfriendly Englishspeaking robot wearing a bow tie and a bellhop(行李员) hat. Though experienced in his job, he does request guests not to ask him “a difficult question” since he is after all, “just a robot！” Those seeking a more “regular” experience，can

26、approach the humanlike Japanesespeaking robot.When ready, visitors can request the robot “porters” to help carry belongings to their rooms. Those who need to stow away valuables can hand them to a helpful robot that will place them inside an individual safe box in exchange for a small fee.A onefooth

27、igh concierge (服务台职员) is available to provide information about the hotels amenities(便利设施), and nearby attractions, and even order a taxi if needed.So how much does it cost to live in this crazy cool hotel? It depends on when you decide to go. During the low season，guests can get away with paying as

28、 little as $60 a night for a basic room. However, during the peak season when rates are determined by an online auction, the price can get as high as $153.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。日本在使用仿真机器人方面一直处于世界最前列，在日本现在已经出现了世界上第一家几乎全部职员都是机器人的宾馆。8What is Hideo Sawada interested in?AMaking different kinds of robots.BTaking t

29、he place of humans with robots.CSetting up more hotels run by robots.DMaking robots more intelligent.B细节理解题。本题题干意为：Hideo Sawada对什么感兴趣？根据第二段中的“a Japanese businessman who is fascinated by the possibility of replacing humans with robots(一个对用机器人代替人类的可能性很着迷的日本商人)”可知答案为B项(用机器人代替人类)。A：制造不同种类的机器人；C：建立更多的用机器

30、人经营的宾馆；D：让机器人更加聪明。9From the third paragraph we can know that _.Athe Japanesespeaking robot welcomes the guestsBthe humanlike robot can speak Japanese and EnglishCthe humanlike robot is better skilled at its job than the other robotsDthe Englishspeaking robot can answer simple questionsD细节理解题。本题题干意为：

31、从第三段我们可以知道什么？根据第三段的“Though experienced in his job，he does request guests not to ask him a difficult question”可知答案为D项(那个说英语的机器人能回答一些简单问题)。A：说日语的机器人欢迎客人；B：那个人形机器人能说日语和英语；C：那个人形机器人比其他机器人更擅长它的工作。10The underlined phrase “stow away” most probably means “_”ApurchaseBchangeCstoreDreplaceC词义猜测题。本题题干意为：画线短语“s

32、tow away”的意思很可能是什么？根据下文的“.that will place them inside an individual safe box”可知答案为C项(储存)。11What could be the best title for the passage?AThe worlds first robotstaffed hotel is open for business.BJapan tops the first in making robots.CRobots can replace humans in Japanese hotels.DThe aptly named Henn

33、na Hotel is located at a theme park.A标题归纳题。本题题干意为：本文的最佳标题是什么？文章的第一段是主题段，讲述了日本在使用仿真机器人方面一直处于最前列，现在日本有世界上第一家几乎全部职员都是机器人的宾馆。故答案为A项。.阅读七选五(2021新高考八省联考卷)Apps(short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays，and for good reason.They can help you out in just about every area of your life，

34、whether its keeping fit，communicating with friends，or even learning a language. 1 Heres what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.Learn from diverse sources(not just apps)Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is

35、the world which it opens up to you.This is a world of diverse sources(来源) of information，from newspapers and books to TV，radio，music and even real people.Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language？ 2 Establish your purpose and plan your habitsDo you want to be fluent in weeks or

36、are you in it for the brain training？The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. 3 These apps encourage habit building，because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.Make it social 4 I mean social for real.I owe the speed of progre

37、ss I made in Italian to the support from Jim，my partner in study time.Find a friend to accompany you.Take an evening class.Borrow a book.Buy a book.Book a week away and attend a language school.Just dont forget your phone!If I may speak sincerely，the combination of app，language school，Jim，evenings o

38、ut，and a choice book or two proved extremely effective. 5 AI recommend it.BRemember that an app is just a tool.CNo，I dont mean posting your progress online.DI encourage you to use apps as often as you can.EProbably not，so why do so in your new language?FThe best apps adapt themselves based upon your

39、 behavior.GHowever，you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。如今，应用程序正变得越来越流行，这是有原因的。他们可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你，无论是保持健康，与朋友交流，还是学习一门语言。文章主要介绍了一些在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前应该考虑的事情。1G根据上文“Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can

40、help you out in just about every area of your life, whether its keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language(如今，应用程序正变得越来越流行，这是有原因的。他们可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你，无论是保持健康，与朋友交流，还是学习一门语言)”以及后文“Heres what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning(以下是你在下载一款语言学习应用程

41、序之前应该考虑的事情)”可知，上文提到了应用程序的好处，后文则提到在下载之前应该考虑的一些事情，故本句与上文构成转折，说明需要知道如何正确使用应用程序才能真正受益。G选项中them指代上文Apps。故G选项“然而，你需要知道如何正确地使用它们才能真正受益”符合语境，故选G。2E根据上文“Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of divers

42、e sources(来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language(任何一个经验丰富的语言学习者都会告诉你，掌握一门外语的美妙之处在于它为你打开的世界。这是一个信息来源多样的世界，从报纸、书籍到电视、广播、音乐，甚至是真实的人。在你的母语中，你会把自己限制在一种媒介上吗)？”可知，上文提到了学习语言有各种不同的媒体可供选择，且上文提出了一个反问

43、句“你会把自己限制在一种媒体上吗？”，本句位于本段最后一句，应当承接上文回答这一问题，故E选项“也许并不会，那么为什么不在你的新语言学习中也这么做呢？”符合语境，故选E。3F根据上文“Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training? The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable(你是想在几周内流利地说英语，还是想参加大脑训练？好的应用程序是设计来帮助你适应你的学习时间表)”以及后文“Th

44、ese apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return(这些应用程序鼓励养成习惯，因为成功养成习惯可以确保你的安全定期回归)”可知，上文提到好的应用程序是设计来帮助你适应你的学习时间表，即好的应用程序可以自我调整，来适应使用者的习惯，F选项中the best apps对应后文中These apps。故F选项“最好的应用程序会根据你的行为进行自我调整”符合语境，故选F。4C根据小标题“Make it social(使其具有

45、社交性)”以及后文“I mean social for real(我的意思是现实意义上的社交)”可知，后文提到了“使其具有社交性”真实的意义，可知本句应当是在说明与后文意思相反的情况，C选项中I dont mean与后文I mean相对应。故C选项“不，我不是说在网上公布你的进展”符合语境，故选C。5A根据上文“If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective(坦率地说，应用程序、语言学校、吉姆、晚上外出和一两本精选书的结合证明是非常有效的)”可知，上文提到了一种有效的方法，言下之意，作者推荐这种做法，A选项中it指代上文the combination of。A选项“我推荐”符合语境，故选A。