2022版高考英语一轮复习 35 自然科学研究成果课时提能练（含解析）.doc

1、课时提能练(三十五).阅读理解A(2019河南天一大联考，D)You can relax if remembering everything isnt your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strengthin fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of rem

2、embering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data，researchers found that the neurobiology of forgetting can be just as important to our decisionmaking as what our minds choose to remember.Making intelligent decisions doesnt mean you need to have all the information at hand.It just

3、 means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most uptodate information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by creating new neurons (神经元) in our hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite (重写) existing memorie

4、s that are influencing our decisionmaking.If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brains learning region, try exercising. Some aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking and swimming has been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.When w

5、e forget the names of certain clients or details about old jobs, the brain is making a choice that these details dont matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern，the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brain

6、s facilitate decisionmaking by stopping us from focusing too much on unimportant past details.Instead, the brain helps us remember the most important part of a conversation.We can get blamed for being absentminded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall

7、 (记忆) can be overvalued. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。最新的研究表明：健忘可能是一种优势，事实上，选择性记忆甚至可能是高智商的标志。1How can we help our brains produce more neurons?ABy having deep sleep frequently.BBy practicing swimming regularly.CBy doing menta

8、l labor repeatedly.DBy learning new skills constantly.B细节理解题。本题题干意为：我们如何帮助我们的大脑产生更多的神经元？根据文章第四段中的“Some aerobic exercise like jogging，power walking and swimming has been found to increase the number of neurons.(已经发现诸如慢跑、快走、游泳之类的有氧运动可增加神经元的数量)”可知答案为B项。A：通过时常深度睡眠；C：通过反复做脑力劳动；D：通过不断学习新技能。2Which of the f

9、ollowing can best replace “facilitate” underlined in Paragraph 5?APostpone.BRepeat.CPromote.DAbuse.C词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下面哪个词可以最好地替代第五段中的画线词“facilitate”？根据画线词前面的(偶尔忘记细节可能表明记忆系统是非常健康的)可推知画线句应为：研究人员发现我们的大脑通过阻止我们过分关注过去的一些不重要的细节而推动(promote)决策。综上所述，本题答案为C项。A：推迟；B：重复；D：滥用。3What conclusion can be drawn from the t

10、ext?AMemory loss is well worth noticing.BDecisions cant be made without memories.CWe shouldnt stress total recall too much.DForgetting is even more important than remembering.C推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可从文中得出什么结论？根据题干中的conclusion可推知本题答案区间在最后一段。根据文章最后一段中的“These findings show us that total recall(记忆) can be over

11、valued.(这些发现向我们表明：完全记忆的能力可能被高估了。)”可知答案为C项(我们不应该太强调完全记忆)。B(2019福建福安六中月考，C)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.But while its long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽)chemicals in the body that cause happin

12、essare behind the socalled “runners high”，a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities，a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsi

13、ble for this familiar great feeling.To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no s

14、igns of anxiety.But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners high symptoms seemed to fade.“The longheld notion of endorphins being responsible for the runners high is false.Endorphins are e

15、ffective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifehacker.Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but its already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid o

16、f stress or anxiety.The UKs National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression.“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy，which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and its especi

17、ally useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression，”it wrote on its website.It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we dont fully understand where it comes from. At least if we re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running s

18、hoes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，但在跑道上跑上几圈后跑步者会产生一种愉悦感。长期以来，人们普遍认为这种愉悦感是一种名为内啡肽的化学成分产生的，但一项新的研究结果证明情况并非如此。4What did scientists from German universities recently discover?AWorking out is a highly effective way to treat depression.BThe runners high could be caused by endocannabinoids.CEndorphins may contri

19、bute to ones high spirits after running.DThe level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect ones mood.B细节理解题。本题题干意为：最近，来自德国几所大学的科学家们发现了什么？根据第三段(根据最近一组来自德国几所大学的科学家所发表的一份报告，事实上，一组被称为内源性大麻素的化学物质可能导致了这种人们熟悉的愉悦感)可知答案为B项(跑步者愉悦感可能是由内源性大麻素造成的)。5The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to _.

20、Afind what reduces the runners high symptomsBsee the specific symptoms of the runners highCidentify what is responsible for the runners highDtest what influences the level of endocannabinoids releasedC细节理解题。本题题干意为：科学家在实验中给小白鼠药物是为了_？根据第三、四段尤其是第四段“To test this theory，the scientists turned to mice.”可知答

21、案为C项(以鉴别是什么物质产生the runners high“跑步者愉悦感”)。6The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to _.AeffectBgoalCquestionDbeliefD词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第七段中的画线词“notion”与_意思最相近？该词所在句子与第二段内容相呼应，因此notion的意思是“观点”，与belief意思最相近，故答案为D项。7According to the UKs National Health Service, regular workouts _.

22、Aare the best way to treat depressionBcan help ease depression symptomsConly work for those with serious depressionDcan help people completely recover from depressionB细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据英国国民健康服务体系，经常锻炼_。根据倒数第二段中“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression，and its especially useful for pe

23、ople with mild to moderate(中等的) depression(如果你心情郁闷，经常锻炼可以提升情绪，对于那些患轻微至中等抑郁症的人来说尤其重要)”可知答案为B项(可有助于缓解抑郁的症状)。C(2020湖北襄阳四中3月检测，D)As the worlds population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations will generate 4

24、 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. The pollution from trash is not only ruining the worlds oceans, air and soil but endangering all living creatures.For years government agencies have been telling citizens to live a zerowaste lifestyle. Traditionally, manufacturers would make a produc

25、t to be used and thrown by consumers.This linear model of production offered no help in the fight against global waste. Alternatively, a circular economy has been introduced.This is a system which aims to minimize waste and restore used materials. Once a products value is exhausted, the materials ar

26、e recycled and returned to manufacturers. The outcome is less waste.In 2016，The Wall Street Journal reported on Taiwan Islands recycling success rate in an article titled The Worlds Geniuses of Garbage Disposal. In 1997, Taiwan established its signature 4in1 Recycling Program, consisting of communit

27、ies，recycling enterprises，government cleaning teams and the Recycling Fund. Residents separate their recyclable waste and bring it to their communitys recycling locations. The local government collection teams and private collectors collect it.Recycling companies buy waste materials from them to gen

28、erate profits.Importers and manufacturers who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the Recycling Fund.The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program used to subsidize (资助) the recycling disposal system, support education, research and development as well as finance re

29、cycling efforts in the future.By following a circular system, more products than ever are being manufactured using recycled materials. For example，used tires can be recovered to pave roads, while plastic is reused to make new plastic products.And it also helps to conserve natural resources, reduce p

30、ollution, save landfill space and even create new job opportunities.【语篇解读】本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然。文章介绍了一种新的循环体系。8Why has a circular economy been introduced?AThe population is on the rise.BIt can help handle global waste.CThe living creatures on the earth are getting less diverse.DTraditional products are n

31、ot environmentally friendly.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is a system which aims to minimize waste and restore used materials.”可知，这种体系有助于应对全球垃圾。9What can we learn about the 4in1 Recycling Program?AThe recyclable materials can be collected officially or privately.BThe importers and manufacturers cover the cost

32、s of the program.CRecycling companies buy waste materials from the residents.DThe government invests money as the recycling fund.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The local government collection teams and private collectors collect it.”可知，可循环使用的废弃物是由政府和个人共同收集的。故选A项。10Whats the effect of the circular system?AIt will ca

33、use no waste or pollution.BIt reduces the costs of the products.CIt helps lower the unemployment rate.DAll the materials can be recycled again.C推理判断题。由文中最后一句中“even create new job opportunities”可知，循环体系可以创造新的工作机会，有助于降低失业率。故选C项。11Which of the following does the text suggest?ADo nothing by halves.BAll t

34、hat glisters isnt gold.CActions speak louder than words.DOne mans trash is another mans treasure.D推理判断题。本文主要讲述了对于废弃物的回收和循环利用，在某些方面看似无用的垃圾可能会被很好地利用在其他方面，故选D项。.阅读七选五(山东省济南市莱芜一中2021届高三一次质检)Weve all heard the phrase, “Work smarter, not harder.” When it comes to studying, there are some very specific way

35、s you can improve your effectiveness without adding loads of extra work. Create a game plan. Before you begin your study session, create a game plan for exactly how you will study. Consider what you will study, how long youll spend on each subject and what study methods you will use. 1 Take at least

36、 10 minutes before your study session to map out your game plan.Outline your notes. Taking the time to boil your notes down to a standard outline can help you grasp the overall concepts youre studying. You certainly can borrow or copy someone elses notes, but you must work hard to put everything in

37、your own words. 2 Many times, understanding the big picture is just as important as remembering all the individual facts. Outlining allows you to file individual facts under larger ideas.Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in school but its crucial for success. 3 Seek to carry out

38、 a balanced life. Make sure to maintain a social life and develop hobbies outside of school. Stay in touch with your family and keep them informed of your school progress. Its certainly a challenge, but living in balance will keep you on the path to success. 4 If you want to do well in school, you s

39、imply have to do it. But there are specific ways to study better. To make the most of your limited time. 5 By following the methods above, you can raise the quality of your studying sessions without necessarily increasing the quantity.ATo keep from spinning your wheels.BTheres no way to get around s

40、tudying.CWrite out your notes by hand during class.DIf you dont, youll fail to understand the larger concept.EThis allows you to study the right materials at the right time.FThe last thing you want to do is bury yourself in a mountain of books.GDont spend all your time studying or all your time hang

41、ing with friends.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高学习效率的一些具体的方法。1E根据上文“Create a game plan. Before you begin your study session, create a game plan for exactly how you will study. Consider what you will study, how long youll spend on each subject and what study methods you will use.”可知制定一个游戏计划。在你开始学习之前，为你将如何学习制

42、定一个游戏计划。考虑一下你要学什么，每门课要花多长时间，以及你要用什么学习方法。由此可知，上文提出方法，本句说明这个方法的作用在于可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料。故E选项“这可以让你在正确的时间学习正确的材料”符合语境，故选E。2D根据上文“You certainly can borrow or copy someone elses notes, but you must work hard to put everything in your own words.”可知你当然可以借或抄别人的笔记，但你必须努力用自己的话表达。以及后文“Many times, understanding th

43、e big picture is just as important as remembering all the individual facts.(很多时候，理解大局和记住所有的个别事实一样重要)”由此可知，上文提到用自己的话表达是为了更好地理解概念，如果不这样做，就无法理解更大的概念。故D选项“如果你不这样做，你就无法理解更大的概念”符合语境，故选D。3G根据上文“Maintain balance. Balance can be difficult to maintain in school but its crucial for success.”可知保持平衡。在学校里很难保持平衡，但

44、这是成功的关键。由此可知，本句承接上文具体说明，要保持平衡意味着不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上。故G选项“不要把你所有的时间都花在学习上，或者花在和朋友玩上”符合语境，故选G。4B根据后文“If you want to do well in school, you simply have to do it.”可知如果你想在学校取得好成绩，你就必须这样做。由此可知，要想在学校取得好成绩，那么努力学习是无法逃避的，你必须学习。故B选项“学习是没有办法逃避的”符合语境，故选B。5A根据上文“To make the most of your limited time.”可知充分利用你有限的时间。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，充分利用有限的时间意味着不要磨洋工，本句与上文为并列关系。故A选项“不要磨洋工”符合语境，故选A。