2022版高考英语一轮复习 必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars课时作业 高效提能（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单独成册：对应学生用书第283页基础巩固篇一、默写版块.重点单词请快速写出下列单词对应的汉语意思1astronomy n天文学2solar adj.太阳的；日光的3atom n原子4billion n十亿5chain n链子；连锁；锁链6dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散7fundamental adj.基本的；基础的8acid n酸9multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加10gravity n万有引力；重力11extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的12exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽1

2、3spaceship n宇宙飞船14crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落15oxygen n氧请快速写出下列英语单词16system n系统；体系；制度17theory n学说；理论18atmosphere n大气层；气氛19thus adv.因此；于是20gentle adj.温和的；文雅的21physicist n物理学家22satellite n卫星；人造卫星23climate n气候24pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力25float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物请快速写出下列英语单词及拓展单词26globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球

3、性的；全世界的27violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地28unlike prep.与不同；不像adj.不同的like vt.喜欢prep.像dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌likely adj.可能的29presence n出席；到场；存在present n礼物；目前adj.出席的；到场的；目前的30harmful adj.有害的harm n& vt.伤害harmless adj.无害的31exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存32puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题

4、puzzled adj.困惑的puzzling adj.令人困惑的33religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的34biology n生物学biologist n生物学家biological adj.生物的；生物学的35reaction n反应；回应react v反应.高频短语1in time 及时；终于2lay eggs 下蛋3give birth to 产生；分娩4in ones turn 轮到某人5prevent.from 阻止；制止6block out 挡住(光线)7cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋8get the hang of 熟

5、悉；掌握；理解9break out 突发；爆发10watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防.经典句型1No one knows exactly how the earth began，as it happened so long ago.没有人确切地知道地球是怎样形成的，因为在很早以前它就形成了。2The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。3This produced a chain react

6、ion，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。4But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。5“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪

7、，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”二、运用版块.单句语法填空1Even though there were only ten minutes left；I was in time for the lecture.2As is known to us，the Peoples Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.3Newton was one of the greatest physicists (physics) in the world and

8、 many people admire him very much.4For lots of people，the natural reaction (react) is to get angry when they are cheated by others.5During those four years，he worked day and night，thus improving (improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.6The old scientist told his students that scientific

9、 theories(theory) must be based on facts.7Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night，so he went to see the doctor.8Her puzzled (puzzle)look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I had said.9Unlike (like) most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually come to work

10、by bus.10Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.单句改错1The sun heats the earth，which makes possible for plants to grow.makes后加it2The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as larger as the present one.largerlarge3Cheering up！You

11、r troubles will soon be over.CheeringCheer4We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.happenedhappening5What we now need most is popular science books.isare.一句多译/句型转换1众所周知，过量饮酒对你的身体有害。What is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health.(harmful)It is know

12、n to us that drinking too much does harm to your health.(it作形式主语，harm)2It is possible for every student in our school to use a computer in class.Our school makes it possible for every student to use a computer in class.3The new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as Earth，and h

13、opefully it can support human life.The new planet discovered recently is almost three times bigger than Earth，and hopefully it can support human life.(than)The new planet discovered recently is almost three times the size of Earth，and hopefully it can support human life.(size)能力提升篇.完形填空After getting

14、 “payingitforward” several times，I always wish I could buy a coffee for a stranger too.That particular morning，I 1 in my rearview mirror (后视镜) when I got to the drivethrough window to pay.A 2 woman was driving a sports car behind.I could see her gold jewelry shining in the sunshine.“No way does she

15、need me to buy her coffee！” I was quite 3 ，but then that 4 shouted in my heart，“Pay for her coffee.”Are you kidding me？I was 5 on cash myself，and I was already feeling guilty for 6 cash on my own coffee. 7 ，I told the cashier，“Please put the sports cars 8 on my bill.” As soon as I said it，I felt 9 .

16、I knew I had followed my heart.I paid the cashier and drove to the parking lot. 10 ，the sports car followed.The lady 11 and said，“I dont know why I am telling you this but I need you to know how much I 12 that coffee.” She started to 13 ，“Our business partner 14 us and left us in the cold.This could

17、 not have come at a worse time 15 we lost our son to cancer last month.I thought nobody 16 about us，and then you appeared.Thank you ever so much.”Then I was the one who was 17 tears.We chatted and she 18 me that I gave her much more than a cup of coffee that morning.Next time I am in the drivethroug

18、h and feel the 19 to pay it forward，there will be no 20 .语篇解读在经历了很多次爱心传递之后，作者也希望能给一个陌生人买一杯咖啡。在那个特殊的早上，作者为一位开跑车的穿着讲究的女士买了一杯咖啡，作者一开始觉得那位女士不需要别人帮她买咖啡，事后了解到那位女士的境况；那位女士很感激作者买的咖啡，而且感受到了作者的关怀；作者感触颇深，决定下次要毫不犹豫地为他人付款。1A.noticedBwatchedCrecognizedDglanced解析：根据空后的in my rearview mirror可知，作者在免下车窗口付款时，瞥了一眼后视镜。gl

19、ance意为“瞥一眼，匆匆一看”，故选D。答案：D2A.crazyBwelldressedCpalelookingDcautious解析：根据下文中的“a sports car”“gold jewelry”可推知，一位穿着讲究的(welldressed)女士开着一辆跑车在作者后边。答案：B3A.positiveBpassiveCuncertainDashamed解析：根据上文对那位女士的描述可知，作者确信那位女士不需要作者给她买咖啡。positive意为“确信的，肯定的”，故选A。答案：A4A.opinionBideaCvoiceDwish解析：根据空后的shouted可知，作者心里面的一个声

20、音在喊“给她买咖啡”，故选C。答案：C5A.looseBeasyCsoftDlow解析：根据空后的“I was already feeling guilty.my own coffee.”可知，作者的钱也不多，花钱给自己买咖啡，作者都觉得内疚，be low on cash表示“钱不多的”，故选D。答案：D6A.wastingBspendingCgivingDlosing解析：参见上题解析。答案：B7A.HoweverBInsteadCBesidesDTherefore解析：根据下文的“Please put.on my bill.”可知，虽然作者给自己买咖啡都觉得内疚，但还是告诉收银员把开跑车的

21、那位女士的订单(order)算在自己的账上。此处表示转折，故选A。答案：A8A.priceBdebtCorderDbudget解析：参见上题解析。budget预算。答案：C9A.amusedBregretfulCencouragedDrelieved解析：根据空后一句“I knew I had followed my heart”可知，作者说完松了一口气，故选D。答案：D10A.UnfortunatelyBImmediatelyCUnexpectedlyDObviously解析：根据语境可推知，那位女士跟着作者是作者没有想到的。unexpectedly“意想不到地，意外地”，故选C。答案：C1

22、1A.came upBturned upCvisitedDmoved解析：根据下文那位女士说的话可知，此处表示那位女士走上前对作者说，“我不知道我为什么跟你说这个，但是我需要你知道我是多么感谢(appreciate)那杯咖啡”，故选A。come up“走上前来”。答案：A12A.appreciateBexpectCmissDdislike解析：参见上题解析。答案：A13A.argueBsmileCcomplainDcry解析：根据下文中的tears并结合语境可知，那位女士开始哭起来，故选D。答案：D14A.helpedBcheatedCtreatedDdefeated解析：根据空后的left

23、us in the cold可知，那位女士说他们的生意伙伴欺骗了他们，故选B。答案：B15A.onceBbeforeCasDthough解析：根据语境可知，此处表示这是他们最糟糕的时候，因为上个月他们的儿子患癌症去世了，故选C。答案：C16A.talkedBheardCcaredDworried解析：根据上文内容可知，那位女士以为没有人在意他们，然后作者就出现了，故选C。答案：C17A.sending backBfighting backCtaking backDgetting back解析：根据语境可知，听完那位女士的悲惨遭遇，作者强忍住眼泪。fight sth.back意为“忍住，抑制住(

24、尤指情感)”，故选B。答案：B18A.advisedBconvincedCastonishedDreminded解析：根据语境可知，作者和那位女士聊着天，她让作者相信那天早晨作者给她的远远超过一杯咖啡，convince意为“使确信，使相信”，故选B。答案：B19A.commandBrequestCdutyDurge解析：下次作者开车经过时，感觉到一种强烈的欲望要去把爱心传递出去的时候，作者会毫不犹豫，urge意为“强烈的欲望”，故选D。答案：D20A.hesitationBdebateCdelayDtremble解析：参见上题解析。答案：A.语法填空Many athletes have bee

25、n told that smiling while 1. (sweat) will make their efforts feel easier.A marathon runner smiled widely through the final miles of his fastestever marathon; afterward，he said what he had hoped 2. (be) that the smiling would relax him to the finish line.But there has been little solid scientific evi

26、dence to support this idea.In recent years several studies 3. (examine)whether deliberately smiling can make changes to how people feel psychologically during races.4. few have looked at the physical effect 5. sports performance.Researchers decided 6. (gather) a group of experienced runners and have

27、 them alternately smile broadly as they ran.Many of the runners found it difficult to smile throughout the whole session，though.Their smiles became 7. (increase) fixed and unnatural.Such false smiles make 8. (few) facial muscles (肌肉) start working than the sincere version and most likely result in l

28、ess 9. (relax) and performance improvement.So the key to using a happy smile to make you 10. better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a races end，but in 30second bursts，rather than constantly.语篇解读文章主要介绍了运动时微笑的作用以及如何微笑效果更好。1解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处与smiling为同时发生的动作，表示“出着汗微笑着”，故填sweati

29、ng。答案：sweating2解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，其主语为what he had hoped，故谓语动词应用单数形式；且根据该句中的said可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。答案：was3解析：考查动词的时态及主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应该用现在完成时，且主语several studies为复数，故填have examined。答案：have examined4解析：考查连词。根据空后的few可知，此处表示转折关系，故填But。答案：But5解析：考查介词及搭配。此处考查固定搭配effect on sth.“对

30、的影响”。答案：on6解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以用to gather。答案：to gather7解析：考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词，故用副词increasingly修饰其后的fixed and unnatural。答案：increasingly8解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知，此处表示比较的含义，故用比较级fewer。答案：fewer9解析：考查词性转换。由该空后的and可知，空处与名词词组performance improvement并列，故填名词形式relaxation。答案：relaxation10解析：考查冠词。此处表示使你成为一个更好的赛跑运动员，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。答案：a