2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提升作业二十二 选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection（含解析）北师大版.doc

1、二十二选修8 Unit 22Environmental Protection . 阅读理解AAgricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the increasing population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also helps to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. Hundreds of thousands of different pla

2、nts now exist. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the worlds largest seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could permanently disappear. The rich col

3、lection of genes that decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say human activities and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. The United Nations Food and Agricul

4、ture Organization says modern business farming is responsible for loss of farmers traditional crop varieties. The “Green Revolution” of the twentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from starvation. Farmers planted,

5、watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals to control insects and diseases. Harvests grew larger and higher quality. But another result was that some traditional crops were lost. About one hundred twenty crops are grown to feed humans. The

6、 FAO says nine of those crops provide seventy five percent of human food. Rice, wheat and maize are said to supply more than half of human food. Not all experts agree that. A recent study showed a different situation, at least in the United States. The study examined records of plant varieties in Am

7、erica during the past century. They found that the total number of vegetable and apple crop varieties in the United States did not fall over the past century. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。农作物的多样性对养活不断增长的人口很重要, 但是世界上有很多正在消失的植物品种。1. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A. The loss of

8、farmers traditional crop varieties. B. The number decreasing in food crops. C. The number increasing in food crops. D. The disappearance plants species permanently. 【解析】选B。代词指代题。画线词“that”指代的是上文的内容, 第一段最后一句But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. 但是许多专家说在过去的一个世纪里

9、, 这个数字急剧下降。可知B项正确。2. Which of the following statements is true? A. All the experts hold the view that the number plants has decreased sharply. B. The number of varieties has increased a lot in America. C. Chemicals has helped harvests grow larger and higher quality in a sense. D. Terrible weather le

10、ads to a decrease in food crops. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。A项中 All the experts表述有误, 并不是所有的专家。B项中increased a lot表述有误, the total number of vegetable and apple crop varieties in the United States did not fall over the past century。D项天气原因只是其中一个方面。故选C。3. What is the Seed Banks attitude towards the disappearance plant

11、s species ? A. Casual. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Concerned. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。 从第二段中The Millennium Seed Bank is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could permanently disappear. 千年种子库警告说, 多达十万种植物物种可能永久消失, 可知, warn表达了极大关注, 故选D。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the t

12、ext? A. Showing concern about the disappearance of plant life. B. Agriculture is playing an important role. C. The changing of modern agriculture. D. The Earth in danger. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。在第一段最后一句“But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. ”中, “But” 是关键词, 表示转折, 植物品种的数

13、量在下降, 可知选A。B(2021合肥模拟)Its really true what people say about English politeness: its everywhere. When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say “sorry”. When getting off a bus, English passengers say “thank you” rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these th

14、ings. After all, squeezing past others is sometimes inevitable, and the bus driver is merely doing his job. I used to think the same way, without questioning it, until I started travelling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of interacting with people. People thank each

15、 other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop, customer and shop assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be unusual to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the r

16、oom. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposed to Germans. Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others. Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers emphasized several times but none of their expl

17、anations were intended as criticism. It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is showed in other ways. British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than Ger

18、man men. 【文章大意】 本文主要以对比的方式展开讲述了英国式的礼貌。对比了英国人和德国人表达谢意和歉意的方式。英国人很少批评指责他人, 英国人比德国人更热情。5. What is the authors attitude towards English politeness? A. He thinks it is practical. B. He employs it. C. He appreciates it. D. He thinks it goes too far. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句I used to think the same way, witho

19、ut questioning it, until I started travelling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of interacting with people. 我以前也是这么想的, 从不质疑, 直到我开始去不列颠群岛旅行, 并开始欣赏一些更礼貌的与人交往的方式。故选C。6. According to the last paragraph, how do English people deal with others mistakes? A. They are less lik

20、ely to criticize others. B. They never explain why others are wrong. C. They are more likely to be hard on others. D. They never point out others mistakes. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others. Even when I was working and mistak

21、es were pointed out to me, my employers emphasized several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism. 在我逗留期间, 我注意到的另一件事是, 英国人很少批评别人。即使是在我工作的时候, 当有人指出我的错误时, 我的老板也会多次强调, 但他们的解释都不是为了批评。故选A。7. The author develops the text through the method of _. A. giving reasonsB. telling stories

22、C. giving commentsD. making comparisons【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段In Germany, it would be unusual to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, as opposed to Germans. 在德国, 在这样

23、的对话中听到不止一个“谢谢”是很不寻常的。英国学生在离开教室时感谢他们的讲师。英国老板感谢他们的员工做了他们的工作, 德国老板相反。由此可知作者以比较的方式来展开文章。故选D。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A snow leopard roars in the high mountains of Asia. A black rhinoceros gallops across the plains of Africa. 1. _A mother blue whale and her calf glide through the d

24、eep waters of the ocean. All of these animals share the Earth with us. 2. _ We love observing their behavior, and learning more about their habits . But just loving them is not enough. All of these animals are endangered. Many of them have died, and without special care, they may someday disappear f

25、rom the Earth. Why is it important to care for animals like these? One reason is to protect the balance of life on Earth. 3. _ Each species of animal is special. Africa was once filled with a lot of wild animals. But that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros, lives on the pla

26、ins of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper! Even though the black rhino is powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength cant always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the rhinos horn has magical powers, and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. 4. _The

27、 elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is now endangered-killed for its ivory tusks. Imagine Africa without the powerful rhino, the gentle, intelligent elephant, or the lightning quick cheetah. 5. _A. Every effort is of great importanc

28、e. B. Once they are gone, they are gone forever. C. A grizzly bear hunts for fish in a North American river. D. Another reason is the beauty of the animals themselves. E. Ordinary people like you and me can also help a lot. F. They fascinate us with their beauty, their grace, and their speed. G. Thi

29、s has caused the black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list. 【文章大意】 由于人类的活动, 许多动物濒临灭绝。1. 【解析】选C。根据本段其他句中A snow leopard, A black rhinoceros 和A mother blue whale可知选C。2. 【解析】选F。根据第二段第一句All of these animals share the Earth with us. (所有这些动物都与我们共享地球), 可知F项符合上下文语境, They指代these animals。它们的美丽、优雅

30、和速度令我们着迷。3. 【解析】选D。根据上文One reason is to protect the balance of life on Earth. 可知选D。4. 【解析】选G。前面提到 rhino, 根据关键词及上下文句意可知选G。5. 【解析】选B。想象一下非洲没有这些动物。一旦它们走了, 它们就永远消失了。故选B。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas moun

31、tains 1. _ the help of coffee growers. Gold mining and coca farming make more money 2. _ coffee growing. So the group WebConserva helps coffee growers by linking them with processors from around the country. The goal is 3. _ (limit) additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich

32、 in biodiversity, 4. _ (mean) many forms of life live there. Colombia has more different 5. _(kind) of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests 6. _ (increase) since 2016. Arnobis Romero, a colombian coffee roaster, poses for a photo in the middle of a coff

33、ee plantation in San Lucas, Colombia February 26, 2020. That year, the government 7. _(sign) a peace deal with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia ending years of civil war. As 8. _ result, more land became accessible for use. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220, 000 hectare

34、s of forest were destroyed, 9. _(compare) to 124, 000 hectares in 2015. The Swiss environmental group, the International Union for Conservation of Nature publishes a Red List of endangered living things. It says more than 31, 000 species are threatened with disappearing. Of those, 1, 050 species liv

35、e in Colombia and 187 are considered 10. _(high) endangered. 【文章大意】文章介绍了动植物在哥伦比亚恶劣的生存环境。1. 【解析】with。考查介词。with the help of 固定搭配。2. 【解析】than。考查比较级。关键词more, 前后有比较关系, 所以用than。3. 【解析】to limit。考查非谓语动词。表示目的, 目标是为了限制发展。4. 【解析】meaning。考查非谓语动词。作伴随状语, mean意味着。5. 【解析】kinds。考查名词。different 不同的, 所以名词用复数。6. 【解析】has

36、 increased。考查动词的时态。关键词since 当“自从”的意思时, 用现在完成时。7. 【解析】signed。考查动词的时态。政府签署了和平协议, 这件事已经发生过了。所以用一般过去时。8. 【解析】a。考查固定搭配。as a result固定搭配。9. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。此处compared. . . 在句中作状语, 且compare与主语Government information之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。10. 【解析】 highly。考查副词。high指具体的高度, highly表示程度, 此处指濒危的程度高。 . 阅读理解(2021郑州模拟)Recor

37、d fires sweeping across the Amazon recently have been making the headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and endanger biodiversity(生物多样性). As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. It

38、is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million local people. The vast area of rainforest plays an important role in the worlds ecosystem because it absorbs heat instead of reflecting heat back into the atmosphere. It also stores carbon dioxide and produces oxygen, ensur

39、ing that less carbon is released, reducing the effects of climate change. “Any forest destroyed is a danger to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity, ” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The great danger is that a lot of carbon goes int

40、o the atmosphere, ” he stressed. “In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected, ” UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said. Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the

41、 number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August a year ago. A total of 71, 497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first 8 months of 2019, up from 39, 194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. “We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilia

42、n Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months, ” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle. Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation (恶化) could have severe consequence

43、s for global climate and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has gone beyond Brazils borders. 【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。报道了巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火侵袭, “地球之肺”燃烧, 引起国内外广泛关注。1. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The great role of the Amazon rainforest. B. The

44、effects of consistent climate change. C. The causes of the decreasing biodiversity. D. The results of the Amazon rainforest fires. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。从第二段可知, 巴西亚马逊雨林是“地球之肺”, 是动植物和人们的家园, 对世界生态系统的调节起着重要作用。故选A, 亚马逊雨林的重要作用。2. Why does the author mention the figures in the fourth paragraph? A. To explain the p

45、rocess of the research. B. To present the bad influence of forest fires. C. To prove the great importance of the rainforest. D. To show the emergency of protecting the rainforest. 【解析】选 D。推理判断题。第四段提到的一系列的数字表明火灾次数在增加, 说明了保护雨林的迫切性。突出文章主题, 即巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火引发的全球关注。3. What does the author want to tell us in

46、the passage? A. The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires. B. The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique. C. The rainforest fires result in serious consequences. D. The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本文报道了巴西亚马逊雨林遭遇大火侵袭, 以及造成的严重后果, 故选C。4. Which section of a mag

47、azine might this passage probably be taken from? A. Climate and life. B. Nature and geography. C. Humankind and society. D. Science and technology. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章是关于巴西亚马逊雨林的, 所以和自然及地理有关系, 和科技, 社会, 生活没有关系, 排除A, C和D。. 完形填空(2021上海模拟)Dear 1, It is the first time for my beloved son to step out of his ho

48、me where he is happy and safe. The school life is going to be strange and 2 to him for a while. And I wish you would take care of him with enough 3. So far, hes been 4 of his own room. Hes been boss of the back yard. I have always been around to repair his wounds, and to 5 his feelings. 6, things se

49、em to be different now. Today, he is required to walk down the front steps, say goodbye to me and start on his great 7 that will probably include wars, tragedy and 8. To live his life in the world in which he has to live will 9 faith, love and courage. So, World, I wish you would take him 10 his you

50、ng hand and teach him things he will have to know. Teach himbut gently, if you can. Teach him that for every scoundrel (恶人), there is a 11; that for every dishonest politician, there is a 12 leader; that for every enemy, there is a friend. Teach him the wonders of books. Give him quiet time to 13 th

51、e mysteries of birds in the sky, bees in the sun, and flowers on the green hills. Teach him it is far more honorable to 14 than to cheat. Teach him to have 15 in his own ideas, 16 everyone else tells him they are wrong. Teach him to 17 his strength and brains to the highest bidder (投标人), but never t

52、o put a price on his heart and soul. Teach him to close his ears to a 18 crowd, and to stand and 19 if he believes hes right. Teach him kindly, World, but dont spoil him, because only the 20 of fire makes fine steel. This is a big order, World, but see what you can do. He is such a nice little fello

53、w. Yours, Sally【文章大意】这是一封书信。作者爱子心切, 以书信的方式希望这个世界能够教导自己深爱着的儿子, 亲切地带着善意地教会他必须知道的事情。1. A. WorldB. SchoolC. HeadmasterD. Friend【解析】选A。根据第四段第一句话“So, World, I wish you would take him. . . ”可知, 这封信是写给这个世界的。2. A. interestingB. amazingC. challengingD. concerning【解析】选C。根据上文“It is the first time for my beloved

54、 son to step out of his home where he is happy and safe. ”可知, 作者的儿子第一次走出幸福又安全的家, 这个世界对于他来说是奇怪并具有挑战性的。3. A. determinationB. kindness C. patienceD. courage【解析】选B。根据后文的“Teach him kindly, World, ”和“Teach him but gently, ”可知, 作者希望这个世界能够带着善意, 温柔地教导自己的儿子, 故选B项kindness, 与后文相呼应。4. A. managerB. monitorC. king

55、D. instructor【解析】选C。根据后面一句“Hes been boss of the back yard. ”可知, 作者形容自己的儿子是家里后院的老板, 她的儿子在自己的房间也肯定“地位很高”, 故C项符合语境。5. A. exploreB. containC. expressD. comfort【解析】选D。作者一直在儿子身边帮他疗伤, 抚慰他的情绪。6. A. OtherwiseB. ThereforeC. BesidesD. However【解析】选D。作者的儿子在家是王, 是老板, 作者一直陪伴在他身边。现在, 一切都不一样了。上下文是转折关系。7. A. adventur

56、eB. experienceC. revolutionD. inspection【解析】选A。根据后文“that will probably include wars, tragedy”可知, 作者的儿子可能会遇见战争、悲剧。这两样对于他来说应该是一种冒险(adventure)。8. A. sorrowB. reliefC. fortuneD. luck【解析】选A。作者的儿子可能会遇见战争和悲剧, 战争和悲剧都是不好的事情, 所以A项sorrow(悲伤)符合语境。9. A. weakenB. requireC. strengthenD. increase【解析】选B。作者认为在她的儿子必须生

57、活的世界里过上他自己的生活需要信仰、爱和勇气。10. A. atB. inC. onD. by【解析】选D。作者希望这个世界能拉住自己儿子的手, 教会他他必须知道的事情。take sb. by hand 意为“拉住某人的手”, 为固定搭配。11. A. heroB. commanderC. performerD. competitor【解析】选A。根据前文世上有恶人, 就有英雄。12. A. powerfulB. faithfulC. distantD. valuable【解析】选B。根据后文“that for every enemy, there is a friend. ”可知, 有敌人就

58、有朋友, enemy与friend形成对比, 以此类推, 世上有恶人就会有英雄。有不诚实的政客就会有忠实的领导者。13. A. reserveB. replaceC. solveD. survive【解析】选C。作者希望这个世界给自己的儿子安静的时间来解开(solve)天空里的鸟、阳光下的蜜蜂和青山上的花的秘密。14. A. respondB. denyC. failD. win【解析】选C。失败(fail)比作弊光彩得多。15. A. mercyB. basisC. reasonsD. confidence【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有信心(conf

59、idence), 故选D项。16. A. as ifB. even ifC. in caseD. for fear【解析】选B。根据前文可知, 作者想让这个世界教会她的儿子对自己的想法有信心, 即使每个人都告诉他这些想法是错的。17. A. attachB. devoteC. applyD. sell【解析】选D。句意: 教会他将自己的长处和头脑卖给(sell)出价最高者, 但永远不要出卖自己的心和灵魂。18. A. localB. totalC. fierceD. noisy【解析】选D。空处词用来形容crowd(人群), 人群应该是吵闹的(noisy)。19. A. affectB. si

60、gnal C. fightD. bargain【解析】选C。如果他相信自己是对的, 就要去(为自己)战斗(fight)。20. A. testB. temperatureC. flameD. spread【解析】选A。根据空后面的“of fire makes fine steel. ”可推测, 作者想表达的是只有经过火焰的考验(test)才能锻造出好的钢铁。. 短文改错I have been addicted with it since I used TikTok or Douyin. I often posted my own videos and live broadcasts on it

61、. I have won a plenty of followers and likes. But one day when I logged onto my TikTok account, I received some rude comments on my appearances. Later some bullies even threatened to hurt me, so I quitted use the app. Unexpected, they continued to send text messages my cell phone. I had never experi

62、enced cyberbully before. I was too frightened to handle it. I talked to my parents, hoped that they would help me, and they didnt listen. I wish they could tell me how to do. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句withto 。be addicted to 是固定短语, 意为对上瘾。2. 【解析】第二句postedpost。根据语境可知用一般现在时。3. 【解析】第三句删除plenty 前面的a。plenty of 许多, 大量的

63、, 是固定短语。4. 【解析】第四句appearancesappearance。 appearance 表示“外貌”时是不可数名词, 用单数。5. 【解析】第五句useusing。 quit doing sth. 停止做某事, 是固定搭配。6. 【解析】第六句UnexpectedUnexpectedly。修饰整个句子用副词。7. 【解析】第六句在my cell phone前加to。send. . . to. . . 发送到。8. 【解析】第九句hopedhoping。句子的谓语动词是talked, hoping在此作伴随状语, 表示主动。9. 【解析】第九句andbut。根据语境可知我和父母就

64、此事交谈, 希望他们能帮助我, 但是他们就是不听。前后是转折关系。10. 【解析】第十句howwhat。do是及物动词, 所以宾语从句中缺宾语, 此处应用代词what。. 书面表达假设你校打算举办以“保护家园”为主题的环保活动。请根据以下内容以学生会的名义用英语写一则通知。时间: 11月10日下午3点地点: 学校报告厅内容: 垃圾分类堆放; 低碳出行; 爱护花草树木, 多参加植树活动等。要求: 11月10日前到学生会找李华报名。注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】NoticeTo help students raise the awareness

65、 of environmental protection, our school will hold an interesting activity named “Protecting Our Home” at the lecture hall at 3 p. m. on November 10th. During the activity you can share your experiences with each other, including how to correctly sort out different kinds of rubbish, advocating low-carbon travel, taking care of plants and flowers, and planting more trees and so on. You are sure to learn something useful. Anyone who is interested in the activity can turn to Li Hua to sign up at the Student Union before November 10. Everyone is warmly welcome.