2022版高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练 必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists（含解析）外研版.doc

1、课时提能练(二十二)必修4Module 4Great ScientistsA：知识层面.语境语法填空()用所给词的适当形式填空Wang Gang started his career as an 1.agricultural (agriculture) engineer shortly after his 2.graduation (graduate) from university.Five years later, he went to America for further 3.education (educate)When he returned home, he set up his

2、 own company providing farm products.It didnt take long before his 4.personal (person) brand was established.With the 5.explosion (explode) of its market share, his company has expanded its 6.production (produce)At present, his product is being exported to many countries across the world.()填入一个单词Edw

3、ard was known 1.for his rich imagination.He was attached 2.to figuring out how things move in space when he was young.After he graduated 3.from university, he earned his living 4.as an assistant to an astronomer.He brought 5.in many new ideas that helped to search 6.for new stars and planets.He did

4、a lot of experiments 7.in support of the new theory that he brought 8.up.Edward made a lot of breakthroughs in astronomy and he himself became a famous astronomer.Unfortunately, he was diagnosed 9.with cancer at age 52 and died two years later.根据提示补全句子1保护环境的关键是让人们意识到环境的重要性。 (the key to)The_key_to_pr

5、otecting_the_environment is to let people realize the importance of environment.2孩子们被要求保持教室干净整洁。(keep宾语宾补)Children are requested to keep_the_classroom_clean_and_tidy.3我知道以前听过这首歌，但我想不起歌名了。(escape)I know Ive heard this song before but its name escapes_me/my_memory.4建议你与不同性格或背景的人交朋友。(it is过去分词that从句)It

6、_is_suggested_that you should make friends with people having different characters or backgrounds.5今年夏天南方雨下得很大，导致几个省份严重洪灾。(现在分词短语作结果状语)It rained heavily in the south this summer, causing_serious_flooding_in_several_ provinces.B：能力层面.阅读理解Andrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer.He wo

7、rks in a car repair shop，not in a lab or university，yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr.Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries，only a few ordinary people

8、had been contributing to science，but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization(民主化)to science.“This is a collaborative(合作的)effort that anyone could get involved in，”says Chris Lintott，an Oxford University astrophysicist(天体物理学家)and cofounder of Zooniverse，a platform that h

9、osts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field，from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved，there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，”Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in imag

10、es，graphs，or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans，particularly amateur scientists，dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to.And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”“

11、And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist，”says Sheila Jasanoff，director of the Program on Science，Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists，”she says.Thats what happe

12、ned in Flint，Michigan，when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.Citizenpowered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized，regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a

13、 lot of advanced equipment and computer models，scientists still welcome help from everyday people.As a professional scientist himself，Lintott says，“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help.”【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科

14、学家。1What made citizen scientists appear?AThe high level of science projects.BThe development of technology.CThe support of the government.DThe foundation of Zooniverse.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。2What is a advantage o

15、f humans in pattern recognition compared with machines?AHumans can identify patterns more swiftly.BHumans focus their attention on data.CHumans can observe uncommon things.DHumans have stronger emotions.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good，because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data se

16、t”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。3What is Lintotts attitude towards citizen science?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent. DDoubtful.A观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that were intelligent，but science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选

17、A。4What would be the best title of the text?ACitizen Scientists Can Be IntelligentBScience Is Important to EveryoneCAnyone Can Be a ScientistDScience Is EverywhereC标题归纳题。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学家的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome he

18、lp from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。.阅读七选五(2020广州市阶段训练)Leonardo da Vinci and NatureIn the modern world，art and science are two very separate activities，but in Leonardos time they were closely connected.Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 1 Mathematics inc

19、luded practical work like surveying lands for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky.An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body.He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looke

20、d correct. 2 Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. 3 More than this，though，Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world，including music，and he said that “Without them nothing

21、 can be done.”“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy，”wrote Leonardo.In all his activities，Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature.In his search for those rules，he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details.Actual experience was more important to him

22、than opinion，and he worked from facts to ideas. 4 His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures.He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. 5 His quick sketches，often done while wandering outside，helped him to catch a movement or a sh

23、ape.More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and a ruler.In July 2001，a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million.It was the most expensive drawing in the world.ALeonardo was always drawing.BHow could these be connected with art?CLeonardos ideas were vastly ahead of his time

24、.DMathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.EAbove all，Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.FYou will see a good example of such position in the painting of The Last Supper.GLeonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.【语篇解读】本文

25、主要介绍的是达芬奇与自然科学的相关联系，旨在说明科学和艺术是紧密联系在一起的。1B上文提到，在达芬奇的时代，艺术和科学是紧密联系的，科学意味着数学和医学；下文讲的是数学的学科内容以及艺术家需要具备的技能。结合选项可知，B项(这些是如何和艺术联系在一起的呢？)符合此处语境，B项中的these指代的是上文提到的“mathematics and medical studies”。2F根据空前一句可知，艺术家可能会在画作中运用数学来排列画中事物，使其联系起来，以使画面更为协调。结合选项可知，F项(你能从画作最后的晚餐中的位置摆设看见绝佳的例子)符合语境，与上文在语义上保持一致。3G根据本段第一句中的“

26、Mathematics was also connected to music”这一关键信息可推断，本段讲述的内容与音乐相关。G项(达芬奇自己是一位非常优秀的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器，也会唱歌)符合语境，且G项中的musician与下文中的music相呼应。4C空前一句提到，对他来说，实际的经验比观点重要得多，他由事实拓展到观点进行工作。根据空前一句中的关键词ideas可知，C项(达芬奇的观点在他的时代是非常前沿的)符合逻辑。C项中的Leonardos ideas呼应上文的ideas，是原词复现。且C项中的Leonardos与空后一句中的His相呼应。5A通读本段内容可知，本段主题与绘画有关；结合

27、空后一句中的“His quick sketches”和选项可推知，A项(达芬奇总是在画画)符合语境。设空后一句中的His指代的是选项中的Leonardo。.语法填空(2020广州市阶段训练)The novel coronavirus，now officially named COVID19，is a new 1._ (ill) and scientists are still studying the best ways to control it.Defeating COVID19，2._，is not only the job of scientists and doctors.Peopl

28、e have an important role in this battle.The best way to help prevent the virus 3._(spread) is protecting yourself and staying healthy.Scientists are now sure that COVID19 is passed between people through coughing and sneezing.The virus travels through the air and can be breathed in by people nearby.

29、It may also land 4._ surfaces such as tables and chairs.If these surfaces 5._(touch)，the virus may be on your hands.Touching your eyes or mouth with 6._(wash) hands can let the virus enter your body.7_(protect) yourself and others，wear a mask at all times when you are in public.This stops healthy pe

30、ople from breathing in COVID19 and 8._ (reduce) the amount of the virus ill people send into the air.Most importantly，wash your hands carefully and frequently，especially 9._ you are outside your home.COVID19 is undoubtedly a serious social challenge，but if we all contribute and behave 10._ (responsi

31、ble)，it is one that we can overcome.【语篇解读】新型冠状病毒，现在被正式命名为COVID19，是一种新的传染疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制它的最佳方法。文章具体地介绍了一些帮助预防病毒传播的方法。1illness考查词性转换。 句意：新型冠状病毒，现在被正式命名为COVID19，是一种新的疾病，科学家们仍在研究控制它的最佳方法。根据空前的a可知，此处应填单数名词，表示“疾病”，故填illness。2however考查副词。句意：然而，击败COVID19不仅仅是科学家和医生的职责。结合语境可知，此处与上文之间构成转折关系，且空后有逗号，故填however。3spr

32、eading考查非谓语动词。句意：帮助阻止病毒传播的最佳方式是保护好自己并且保持身体健康。prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，为固定用法，故填spreading。4on考查介词。句意：它也可能降落在诸如桌子和椅子(等物体)的表面。根据常识可知，此处表示“在的表面”，应用介词on。5are touched考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果这些物体的表面被触摸了，那么病毒可能会传播到你的手上。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词，与主语these surfaces之间为被动关系；且此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are to

33、uched。6unwashed考查词性转换。句意：用没有洗过的手去接触你的眼睛或嘴巴可能会让病毒进入你的体内。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰名词hands，应用形容词。根据句意可知，此处应表示“未洗的”，故填unwashed。7To protect考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护自己和他人，当你在公共场合的时候要一直戴口罩。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词wear，故protect应用非谓语形式；且此处表目的，应用动词不定式。故填To protect。8reduces考查主谓一致。句意：这样就会阻止健康的人吸入新冠病毒，并且减少病人传播到空气中的病毒数量。分析句子结构可知，此处由and连接，与前面的stops并列作谓语。根据句意可知，此处描述一般情况，应用一般现在时，且主语为This，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填reduces。9when考查连词。句意：最重要的是，要经常且仔细地洗手，尤其是当你出门在外的时候。结合句意可知，此处表示 “当时”，引导时间状语从句，故填when。10responsibly考查词性转换。句意：毫无疑问，新冠病毒是一场严峻的社会挑战，但是如果我们都有所贡献，并且负起责任，那么我们是可以克服它的。此处用于修饰动词behave，应用副词，表示“负责地”，故填responsibly。