江苏省南京市2016-2020年五年高考一模英语试题精选汇编：任务型阅读专题.doc

1、任务型阅读专题江苏省南京盐城市2020届高三英语下学期第一次模拟考试试题第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。This is a stranger truth that anyone older than 25 will already know: as life goes on, time seems to speed up. Think back to childhood when holidays seemed to last forever and you attended a schoo

2、l for what felt like decades. Now consider last year, by contrast, and it probably raced by. As those in their 30s and 40s will know, the effect gets worse with ageand, for people in their 70s, a year can flash by in what seems like days. “Where did the time go?” we wonder.One study found that if yo

3、ure 40, assuming you live to be 80, your life, in terms of your subjective experience of time, is already 70 percent gone. Its all rather terrifying. Fortunately, though, you have the power to change things.The best explanation is that memories seem longer when our brains have to process more inform

4、ation. Childhood and young adulthood are full of noveltythe first time you rode a bike, had a romance, go jobbut, as we get older, things get more routine. You can test this out by recalling a recent experience of novelty in your life, such as travel. A few years back, I went skiing for the first ti

5、me, and that four-day trip still feels “long”. But a four-day period in my ordinary life zooms by too quickly for me to notice.One solution, then, is obvious: do lots of new stuff. Travel more, if you can, and to unfamiliar places. Try new hobbies and meet new peopleyoull be taxing your brain, and t

6、he result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful. But smaller changes work, too: even altering the route you take to the office, reading different kinds of novels or varying where you buy your sandwich at lunchtime will have some impact.But novelty can only go so far. Beside

7、s, a fulfilling life requires routine: you cant build deep relationships, or rise through the ranks at work if youre always switching friends or jobs or even spouses. Thats why the Buddhist teacher Shinzen Young suggests an additional strategy: learn to meditate(冥想). Even a few minutes a day will en

8、hance your concentration, and the better you get at concentrating, the more information your brain will take in during any experience, no matter how boring.Youll be making your whole life a little more novel. Youll be more present and time will pass less quickly; in effect, youll extend your lifewit

9、hout magic pills or groundbreaking medical technology.Title: How to stop time speeding upPassage outlineSupporting detailsA truth familiar to _71_Everything seemed to last longer in our childhood, _72_ holidays.With people _73_, the worsening effect makes them believe time goes faster and faster.Fin

10、dings of a previous studyThere exists an explicit gap between our real age and our _74_ understanding of how old we are.The best explanation_75_ something fresh can make our memories last.Two possible _76_ on handling the problemDoing new stuff _77_ much effort of our brain, causing a seemingly long

11、er and more meaningful life.Making minor changes is also an _78_ way to create longer feelings.Meditation helps people concentrate on routine and _79_ more information from boring experiences.ConclusionEven without medication, people can live a more novel life and experiencing slow flow of time actu

12、ally _80_ their life.【答案】71. adults 72. including 73. aging/ageing 74. subjective 75. Trying 76. tips/suggestions 77. requires/demands/needs 78. effective 79. absorb 80. extends【解析】本文为一篇说明文。说明了人随着年龄的增长，感觉时间加快的原因以及处理此问题的方法。【71题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“This is a stranger truth that anyone older than 25

13、 will already know: as life goes on, time seems to speed up.” 这是一个任何超过25岁的人都知道的奇怪的事实:随着生活的继续，时间似乎在加速。所以这是成年人熟悉的事实。故填adults。【72题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“Think back to childhood when holidays seemed to last forever” 回想一下你的童年，那时假期似乎永远都过不完。所以童年的一切看起来都延续更久，包括假期在内。故填including。【73题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“As

14、 those in their 30s and 40s will know, the effect gets worse with age-and, for people in their 70s, a year can flash by in what seems like days. ” 30多岁和40多岁的人都知道，随着年龄的增长，这种影响会越来越严重对于70多岁的人来说，一年就像几天一样转瞬即逝。所以随着人们年龄的增长，这种影响会越来越严重。故填aging/ageing。【74题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第二段“One study found that if youre

15、40, assuming you live to be 80, your life, in terms of your subjective experience of time, is already 70 percent gone.” 一项研究发现，如果你40岁，假设你活到80岁，你的生活，就你对时间的主观体验而言，已经消失了70%。所以人们的实际年龄和主观的年龄认知有很清晰的界限。故填subjective。【75题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第四段“Try new hobbies and meet new people-youll be taxing your brain,

16、and the result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful.” 尝试新的爱好，结识新的朋友你会消耗你的脑力，结果是你的生活感觉更长久，更广阔，更有意义。所以尝试新事物可以使得我们的记忆持续。原词重现，这里注意动名词ing形式。故填Trying。【76题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。第四段就是在针对上文的情况提出建议，注意题干的on。故填tips/suggestions。【77题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第四段“Try new hobbies and meet new peopl

17、e-youll be taxing your brain, and the result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful.” 尝试新的爱好，结识新的朋友你会消耗你的脑力，结果是你的生活感觉更长久，更广阔，更有意义。尝试新事物可以使得我们的记忆持续。所以尝试新事物锻炼大脑，新事物要求大脑更努力，会让人觉得生命的意义和珍贵。故填requires/demands/needs。78题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第四段“But smaller changes work, too: even alt

18、ering the route you take to the office, reading different kinds of novels or varying where you buy your sandwich at lunchtime will have some impact.” 但较小的改变也有作用:甚至改变你去办公室的路线，阅读不同种类的小说，或者改变你在午餐时间买三明治的地方，都会有一定的影响。所以即使是改变很微小的事情也是有影响的，impact在这里指积极的影响。故填effective。【79题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第五段“Even a few mi

19、nutes a day will enhance your concentration, and the better you get at concentrating, the more information your brain will take in during any experience, no matter how boring.” 即使一天几分钟也能提高你的注意力，而且你越能集中注意力，你的大脑在任何经历中都会吸收更多的信息，不管多么无聊 。所以集中注意力可以吸收更多的信息。take in在这里就是“吸收”的意思。故填absorb。【80题详解】考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力

20、。根据最后一段“in effect, youll extend your life-without magic pills or groundbreaking medical technology.” 实际上，你将延长你的生命没有神奇的药丸或突破性的医疗技术。所以人们会使得人生延长扩展，原词重现。故填extends。江苏南京市、盐城市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。As the con

21、cept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, weve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either dont know where to focus their efforts or they havent understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with

22、companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if youre looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieveand then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understandi

23、ng them conceptually.The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you).This is especially true for the development of emotional intelligence because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components

24、 of our interactions. For example, most of us think that were good listeners, but very often thats really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proo

25、f of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple facets of EI. The key is to find one that guar

26、antees confidentiality to those giving you feedback and that is focused on development and not on performance assessment.Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in

27、 emotional intelligence, youre at a huge disadvantage if youre only interested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在地) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does wh

28、en simply learning a skill.That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback youve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (渴望). Understanding the impacts of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you

29、 going over the long haul as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.Once youve determined which EI skills you want to focus on, identify specific actions that youll take. If youre working on becoming a better listener, for example, you might decide that when youre conversing wi

30、th someone youll take the time to pause, listen to what they have to say, and check that you understand before you reply. Keep it specific. You should also take every naturally occurring opportunity to practice the skill youre developing, no matter how small. By starting to change your routine react

31、ions, youll be well on your way to figuring out the old habits that arent serving you well and transforming them into new, improved ones that do.Passage outlineSupporting detailsIntroductionThough globally acknowledged, EI still (71) professionals, for they arent aware how to improve it. Approaches

32、to strengthening EISpot the (72) between self-perception and reputation With external reality check, we are (73) of understanding our interactions accurately. We are (74) to change our behavior by getting an outside feedback.We are expected to (75) how self-perception differs from reputation in all

33、aspects. Find out what (76) to usWe should clearly (77) our goals and focus our effort on improving ourselves instead of just learning a skill. (78) the outside feedback with our goals can give us support on the way to strengthening our EI. Identify what changes we will makeBe (79) about the actions

34、 and take advantage of every possible opportunity to practice EI skills. Summary(80) useless old habits and develop new ones in areas for improvement others have identified with your own goals to strengthen your EI. 第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)71. confuses/puzzles72. differences73. capable74. moti

35、vated75. assess 76. matters/counts77. recognize/know/identify78. Combining79. specific/clear/explicit80. Remove/Abandon/Quit 江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。 Everything we do involves risk. In our profess

36、ional lives, trying to avoid risk is itself a risk: work too cautiously, and we risk missing the chance to grow and shine, and our careers may suffer for it.We cannot avoid risk yet we often avoid thinking about it. That is a shame, because if we think strategically about risk, we can use it to incr

37、ease our chances of coming through difficult situations with our goals intact. Rather than pretending risk doesnt exist, why not learn to manage it to our own benefit?来源:学.科.网The first step: Acknowledge the risks your projects face. Start by writing a list of the things that can go wrong. That may s

38、ound gloomy, but its essential. Your list need to be very thorough, and probably never can be. But try to identify common risks-like the departure of a key colleague for a new job or the failure of a new technique upon which your project depends. The types of risks you identify will depend on the sp

39、ecifics of your work.Once you have a list of risks, evaluate each one in two scales: Likelihood. Force yourself to honestly assess how likely each risk is. Impact. Then think about how much damage could occur under each situation.Now its time to draft a second, more-detailed list. Go back through yo

40、ur initial list and consider how you might make each potential negative outcome less likely to occur, and also how you might minimize the damage to your project if one does happen. In project-management term, this step is known as risk mitigation. A mitigation is anything that makes a risk less like

41、ly to spoil your overall goal.Once you have drafted your list of mitigations, the final step is to go down that list and think about which ones are “worth it”. Look at all the information youve gathered about your risks and mitigations, and make a call about what it makes sense to do. You probably h

42、ave more intuition in this area than you realize, because most of us instinctively do risk-mitigation calculations in the nonwork areas of our lives. For instance, every time you decide whether or not to buy a guarantee on a new electronic toy, youre doing this calculation in your head.You have prob

43、ably been intuitively doing some sort of risk analysis in your work life, too. Moving to a more explicit analysis (but one that is more qualitative than quantitative-unless you like to play with numbers) can encourage you to acknowledge when youre making overly optimistic assumptions. And this gives

44、 you a better chance to make plans that will withstand the failure of at least a couple of those assumptions.Bringing your risk analysis out from the field of intuition can also help you overcome a tendency to overly ignore risk. It is easier to go ahead and take a big risk when you know that you ha

45、ve mitigations in place and a backup plan if things go wrong.Thinking about risk can be a big scary, but really, ignoring risk is the riskiest behavior of all.Dont Avoid Risk-Manage ItPassage outlineSupporting detailsIntroduction Risk is 71. whatever we do. Risk is beneficial to us if we cope with i

46、t in a 72. way.Steps to manage risks Admit the risks and make a list of 73. errors. While evaluating them, make 74. for likelihood and impact. Consider how to avoid the negative outcome to the greatest 75. and prevent your project from being 76. should it happen. Take advantage of your intuition to

47、decide which risks 77. your effort by analyzing all the available information.78. of risk analysis79. are that you will make more realistic assumptions. Meanwhile, a backup plan will be made for you to 80. up to failure.71. unavoidable/inevitable 72. strategic 73. potential/possible 74. allowance(s)

48、 75. degree/extent76. damaged/spoiled 77. deserve 78. Benefits/Advantages 79. Chances 80. face/stand江苏省南京市盐城市2017届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Until about 18 years ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain devel

49、opment occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying

50、that so many teenagers around the world dont have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.Decades of resear

51、ch on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry

52、 (神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during sensitive periods of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are involved in decision-making, control and planning, as w

53、ell as social understanding and self-awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.Theres a lot of concern abou

54、t the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading c

55、orrupting young peoples minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldnt be worried at all. Its possible that the developing brains of todays teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative, multi-tasking brains that have ever existed. The

56、re is evidencefrom adultsthat playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We dont know whether the effects of new technologies on

57、 the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the worlds teenagers do not have

58、access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health, population growth rates, child mortality rat

59、es, HIV rates as well as for womens self-esteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the worlds teenagers access to education.Worrying about the teenage brai

60、nIntroductionDifferent from the previous researches, a new one reveals that brain development will(71)even in the teenage years and beyond, which(72)some worries.Various factors (73)the teenage brain and new worriesParticular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to (74)neuronalcircuitry

61、 at the early time of life. We should be (75)about what influencethe environment has on the developing teenage brain. Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young peoples minds are (76). We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the (77) of the

62、teenage brain. Education is of great(78) in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped. However, it isnt (79)to two fifths of the worlds teenagers, girls in particular. We are expected to be(80)of the effects of education on the developing brains. 71. continue72. causes73. affecting/i

63、nfluencing74. shape 75. concerned/worried/anxious76. corrupted77. development 78. importance/significance/benefit 79. accessible/available 80. aware/conscious江苏省南京盐城市2016届高三英语第一次模拟考试试题第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Glad to be grey

64、The recession (经济衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the subsequent recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hi

65、ring them; and they often get rid of new employees because they are easier to sack. But in previous periods, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also dismissed. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than oth

66、er age groups.The researchers focus on movements in “non-employment” as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where pe

67、ople are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25- to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.Why have older employees done so well? In some southern

68、European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECDs employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the p

69、ast early-retirement schemes provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped.Job losses among older workers have also been balanced by falls in inactivity, reflecting employmen

70、t presssure that were already apparent before the crisis. Older workers are healthier than they used to be and work is less physically demanding. They are also more attractive to employers than former generations. Todays 55- to 64-year-olds are the advance group of the post-war baby-boomers who bene

71、fited from better education than their predecessors. Older workers now have a stronger motivation to stay in employment because of the impact of the crisis on wealth. Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a mistaken be

72、lief that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed “lump of labour”. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are attracted

73、 to IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but shunting older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.Passage outline Supporting detailsThe result of the research

74、from the OECDSince the 2008-09 recession, the labour market has witnessed a new change, where older workers have an (71) over young people in employment.(72) for being glad to be greySome countries (73) job protection for older employees, which young people cant enjoy. If an old employee is fired, h

75、e will be (74) for the loss by the company. Due to the obvious forces before the crisis, older employees are more (75) in seeking for jobs. They are in better (76) and work requires less from their physical strength as well. Better (77) than their predecessors becomes one of their strengths.Older wo

76、rkers are now highly (78) tohaveapaidjobbythe impact of the crisis on wealth.SummaryIts a ridiculous idea that older workers have (79) the young of their employment chances. Older workers shouldnt be driven out of the workplace to make (80) for the young. 第四部分 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分)71. edge/advantage 72. Reasons 73. provide 74. compensated 75. active76. health/condition 77. education 78. aware/conscious 79. robbed 80. way