2022高考英语话题复习一轮学案：主题语境40地球与宇宙奥秘探索 WORD版含解析.DOC

1、主题语境40地球与宇宙奥秘探索课前 常见单词1accept vt.& vi.接受vt.忍受；承受vt.接纳vt.承担(责任/指责)It is generally accepted that . 人们普遍认为acceptance n接受U接纳(成为会员)U赞同；赞成2accuse vt.指责；控告；指控the accused 被告accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(干)某事3acknowledge vt.承认向打招呼；对作出反应(公开)感谢be acknowledged as/to be被认为是acknowledgement n承认；确认；常用复数鸣谢4adequat

2、e adj.足够的；充分的；合乎需要的(反义inadequate)adequately adv. 足够地5afford vt.买得起；承担得起(时间、后果等)提供；给予affordable adj. 支付得起的affordably adv. 支付得起地6administrative adj. 行政的；管理的7adore vt. 崇拜；敬重；喜爱；热爱8aggressive adj.好斗的；侵略性的；攻击性的有进取心的；有冲劲的9allergic adj. (对)过敏的10allocate vt. 分配；分派11allow vt.允许；准许vt. & vi.使有可能vt.留出；给出(时间、金钱、

3、食物等)allow sb./sth. to do sth.允许某人做某事/使做某事成为可能 allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow for 考虑到；顾及12ambition n. 野心；雄心；抱负achieve/realize ones ambition to do sth.实现了的夙愿/抱负achieve/realize ones ambition of doing sth.实现了的夙愿/抱负ambitious adj.雄心勃勃的；有抱负的；有野心的13decline v. vi.减少；下降衰退；衰落vi. & vt.谢绝；拒绝(refuse) n减少；下降；衰退；衰落dec

4、line to do sth.拒绝做某事on the decline 在下降；在衰退14distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远in the distance 在远处at a distance (of) 在某一距离处distant adj. 远的；远方的15flight nU飞翔；飞行C班机；航班；空中旅行U逃跑；逃避C(楼梯等的)一段16Measure n度量单位；计量标准C(判断的)标准；衡量C常用单数(一定的)量；程度(degree)C常用复数措施；办法vvt. & vi.量；测量用作系动词不用于进行时(尺寸、数量等)量度为vt.估量；衡量(assess)safety measur

5、es安全措施take some measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事measurement nU测量；衡量C常用复数尺寸take sb.s measurements 给某人量尺寸17negotiate vi.谈判；协商 vt.商定；达成(协议)18participate vi. 参与；参加participate in参与；参加participant n. C参与者；参加者participation n. U参加；参与19payment n. 付款；支付的款项mobile payment 移动支付20pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的(反义optimistic)

6、21pioneer nC开拓者；先驱者 vt.开创；开辟；倡导22plug nC栓；塞子；(电)插头；口语插座vt.塞；堵；用塞住；给接通电源plug in(使)插上插头以接通电源23political adj.政治的；政治上的politician n C政治家；政客politics n. 政治；政治学；政治活动24particular adj.特定的特别的讲究的；挑剔的be particular about对讲究/挑剔in particular 特别/尤其25predict v. 预言；预计predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的prediction n. 预言；预测26prim

7、ary adj.常用于名词前最重要的；基本的；主要的只用于名词前初等教育的；小学教育的primarily adv. 主要地27profile nC侧面(像)；外形；轮廓；简介；概述28profit n. U好处；利益利润；盈利(反义loss)vt. & vi.获利于；受益于29resource n. C资源；物力；财力natural/human resource 自然/人力资源30respective adj. 各自的；分别的31subscribe vi.订阅(报纸、杂志等)定期交纳(会费)；定期捐款subscribe to 同意；赞成32subsequent adj. 后来的；之后的；随后的

8、33supply nC供应量；补给量pl.生活必需品；补给品U供给；供应 vt.供给；供应；提供supply and demand供应与需求(供求)supply sth. to sb./supply sb. with sth.提供给某人某物34supposing conj. 假如；如果35track nCpl.足迹；轨迹；车辙(尤指被踩出的)小路；小径(铁路) 轨道；滑轨跑道；竞赛运动vt.跟踪；追踪keep track of 了解的动态；与保持联系lose track of 不了解的动态；与失去联系常用词块1set foot on the Moon踏上月球2space station 太空站

9、；空间站3give birth to 产生；分娩4have access to space travel 能到太空旅行5watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防6return to the earth 返回地球7try out 试用；试验8break out 突发；爆发9prevent .from 阻止；制止10block out 挡住(光线)11get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解12get into trouble 陷入麻烦；陷入困境13get close to the moon 靠近月球14take off起飞；脱下(衣服)；开始成功；休假；匆匆离去15make it

10、 (to)到达(to为介词)，成功(做到)一、单词拼写(根据提示写出单词)1With eleven thousand employees, its very difficult to keep track (追踪) of them all.2(2018浙江高考)No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition (雄心；抱负), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.3In recent years many football clubs have been run a

11、s business to make a profit (利润)4Its generally acknowledged that education shouldnt be measured (衡量) only by examination results.5The primary (主要的) aim of this course is to improve your spoken English.6He is a_pioneer_ (先驱) throughout his career.7 Therefore, some people are pessimistic_(悲观的) about t

12、he future of humanity. 8Soya milk can cause allergic (过敏的) reactions in some children.9Hello and welcome to my profile (简介). I hope to share what I can and bring you great news.10He is respected as a very_aggressive (好强的) and competitive executive.二、词形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)1But for some political (politic

13、s) reasons she was recently put into prison and became powerless.2He was unwilling to make a prediction(predict) for the coming year.3The market is the best place for you to find good and affordable (afford) ingredients . 4In fact, the participation_ (participate) of children should not be ignored t

14、o the development of community.5Only those who are prepared adequately (adequate) and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve purpose. 6The Party is being degraded by its acceptance (accept) of secret donations.三、固定搭配(在空格处填1个适当的单词)1Once he has made up his mind, no one can prevent him from c

15、arrying out the plan.2At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.3She married at 17 and gave birth to her first baby shortly after.4Some owners wish they could try out_the car in a race track.5Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the

16、 street.6If you get_into_trouble, Ill step out and help you out.7Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang of the grammar rules.8She bought a heavy curtain to block out the light.9Today many people like to go out to get close to_nature. 10We eventually took off_at 11 oclock and arr

17、ived in Juneau at 1：30.四、形变动词(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1He was accused of murdering (murder) a policeman, which made us all surprised.2That was the first time that I had_participated (participate) in the exchange study program.3If_accepted (accept), I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can

18、 help them know more about Chinese culture.4He is widely acknowledged (acknowledge) as the best player in the world.5Children, when accompanied by their parents, are_allowed (allow) to enter the stadium.6They were asked to_allocate (allocate) money between themselves and someone else.7They afford an

19、 opportunity to_gain (gain) an understanding of people.五、熟词生义(写出画线部分在具体语境中的含义)1acknowledge (熟义：v.承认)I would like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family. vt.感谢2measure (熟义：n.措施；方法)It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. v.估量，判定六、单句写作(依据汉语提示补全句子)1显而易见，

20、正是团队合作才使得他们去想去的地方成为可能。(make itadj.for sb.to do)Obviously, it is the teamwork that_makes_it_possible_for_them_to_go anywhere they want to.2既然我们谁也不知道她的电话号码，只有派人去把消息告诉她了。(now that)Now_that_none_of_us_knows_her_telephone_number,_we will have to send someone to deliver the message.3李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两

21、倍。(倍数表达法)Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice_as_much_as his.4这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)These travelers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy.5当这个教授出现时，所有的学生欢呼起来。(cheer)When the professor turned up, all_the_students_cheered_up.6我的父母一天天的变老，该轮到我开始照顾他们了。(turn)My

22、parents are getting older and older, so it_is_my_turn_to_start looking after them.7如果我们对宇宙知之甚少，我们怎么能更好地了解我们的地球和它的变化呢？If we know little about the universe, how can we_know_our_earth_and_its_changes better？课堂 一、这样学主题强化“语言能力”和“学习能力”1adequate adj.足够的；充分的；胜任的以文化人If we hadnt made adequate preparations, th

23、e conference wouldnt have been so successful!如果我们没有做充分的准备，会议就不会开得那么成功！be adequate for足够；对来说是足够的be adequate to (do) sth. 胜任(做)某事；足够(做)某事对点练习单句语法填空A bit too old as he is, he is still adequate to the work.The information available on the Internet is adequate for our needs.Is your salary adequate to_sup

24、port (support) your family?2distance n距离；远方；遥远；疏远以文化人Its said that measuring the speed and distance to these objects is difficult. 据说测量这些物体的速度和距离是很困难的。(1)in the distance 在远处within walking distance 几步之遥；步行能到达from a distance 从远处at a distance (of) 在远的地方；距离稍远keep ones distance (from) (与)保持距离keep sb.at a

25、 distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离(2)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；疏远的对点练习单句语法填空The railway station is at a distance of two miles away from our school.It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or vehicles that

26、 travel to distant (distance) planets.In the distance is a tall tree which is said to have a history of over 500 years.完成句子Much to our delight, the sound of water in_the_distance caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank.令我们非常高兴的是，远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。3measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定linkv.度量为n.计

27、量制；计量单位；措施以文化人Mankinds knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure.人类对于宇宙的了解已经大为增加。(1)measure .by .用来衡量be measured by/in 用来衡量/计算(2)take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事make sth.to sb.s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物对点练习单句语法填空Generally speaking, a mans quality should not be_measured (measure) only by

28、what he says.In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival approaching.Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave.The bridge measuring (measure) 200 metres needs repairing.完成句子The gov

29、ernment has promised to take_measures_to_help the unemployed.政府已经答应采取措施来帮助失业者。4negotiate vt.谈判；协商以文化人If youre a foreign tourist, you will negotiate with the guide about your accommodations in the scenic spot.如果你是外国游客，那就和导游商量一下你在景区的住宿。(1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth.与某人商谈某事(2)negotiation n. 谈判；磋商；

30、洽谈under negotiation 在商谈中对点练习单句语法填空We have been negotiating with the manager for/about raising the salary.We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation (negotiate)句型转换He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.He asked me to tell you that the contract was under_neg

31、otiation.5participate vi.参与；参加；分享 以文化人Along with studying at school, students should participate in more outofschool activities.除了在学校学习，学生还应该参加更多的校外活动。(1)participate in参加；参与participate with sb. in sth. 与某人一起参与某事(2)participation n. 参加；参与participant n. 参与者；参加者对点练习单句语法填空You should participate with your

32、 friend in his sufferings.It has found that on average, participants (participate) performed better on cognitive (认知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s.I sincerely hope that the festival will be a great success and Im looking forward to your participation (participate)In ou

33、r school, there are all kinds of activities for you to participate in.6predict vt.预言；预告；预测以文化人The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet.这个结果有助于预测一些重大疾病和你的饮食偏好。(1)predict sth./that .预言；预测Its predicted that . 据预测/预报；人们预言/预测(2)prediction n. 预言；预测；预报；预告m

34、ake a prediction 做出预言/预测对点练习单句语法填空I believe that predicting (predict) earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future.We are not able to make a prediction (predict) about when the next earthquake will happen.句型转换People predict that the computer will replace books as the firs

35、t source of information before long.It_is_predicted_that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.1get into trouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境以文化人The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not get into trouble, nor do or say anything youll regret.重要的是要

36、学会控制你的脾气，这样你才不会陷入麻烦，也不会做任何后悔的事或说任何后悔的话。get sb.into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/摆脱困境ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃in trouble 处于困境中take trouble to do/doing sth. 尽心尽力地做某事have trouble with sth./(in) doing sth.在(做)某事方面有麻烦/吃力对点练习单句语法填空If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble

37、.People usually turn to Google for help when in trouble.Walking around downtown late at night is just asking for trouble.完成句子Some people always take_great_trouble_to_achieve/achieving_some_goals which are beyond their ability.有些人总是追求一些力所不能及的目标。2make it (to)到达(to为介词)以文化人We live in a world in which on

38、ly the strongest can make it to the top.我们生活在一个只有最强大的人才能登上顶峰的世界。make it获得成功；准时到达(尤其在困难情况下)；幸免于难；渡过难关make it时间 定在某个时间make it through . 挺过；熬过对点练习完成句子For many who made_it_to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.然而，对于许多成功到达道森的人来说，这次艰难的旅行是值得的。Lets make_it_8：00_am. tomorrow if you wa

39、nt to go to the park with me.如果你想和我去公园的话，让我们把时间定在明天上午8点吧。We should have confidence in ourselves and believe we can make_it.我们应该对自己有信心并且坚信我们能成功。Sarah made_it_to_the_airport_just_in_time_to catch her plane this morning.莎拉今天早上及时赶到机场赶上了飞机。3take off起飞；脱下(衣服)；开始成功；休假；匆匆离去以文化人We eventually took off at 11 o

40、clock and arrived in Venice at 1：30.我们终于在11点起飞，1：30 到达威尼斯。take over接任；接管；接收；取得主导地位take in 吸收；理解；受骗；接待take up 拿起；占据；对有兴趣；开始从事take on 呈现；雇用；承担对点练习用介、副词填空Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.She got a cold as soon as she took off her coat when she got home

41、from work.Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month to increase output.When Mr Green retired, his son took over the business from him.Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.4try out试用；试验以文化人We need to realize that if we are going to succeed we have to try out.我们定要明

42、白，若要成功，我们便需要尝试。try on试穿；试用try for 谋求；争取；试图获得；力争赢得try out for 参加选拔/竞赛对点练习完成句子It is very pleasant to travel and to try_out and explore whatever is new. 无论是旅游还是试验、探索任何新的东西都能令人非常愉快。These teams are going to try_out_for the Olympic Games.这些队伍要参加奥运会的选拔赛。You ought to try_on the shoes before you buy them.在你买

43、这双鞋之前，你应该试试。5make itadj./n.for sb.to do以文化人Her linguistic skills make it easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists.她的语言能力使她更容易与外国游客交流。用法规则“makeit”常用句型：(1)makeitadj./n.that从句(2)makeitadj./n.to do 不定式(3)makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.注意事项常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。对点

44、练习单句语法填空She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.People in the west make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.He is so stubborn, which makes it no use persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.完成句子I have a good command of English,

45、 which makes_it_easier_for_me_to_find a good job.我英语很好，这使我更容易找到一份好工作。You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find_it_a_good_idea_for_you_to_apply_for the position.你有很多志愿工作的经验，所以我觉得你申请这个职位是个好主意。 “完形”语段练中巩固Li Hua is working in a company. He often negotiates (谈判) with business representati

46、ves and every time he makes_it (成功). He is considerate and can take effective measures (措施) to do things. He actively participates_in (参加) all the companys activities, even if many are held at_a_distance (距离远). He is very good at controlling his temper when something happens to him. With such a temp

47、er, he never gets_into_trouble (陷入麻烦). Many people predict (预言) that he will be a successful man in the future.“双语”美文以读促写On the Road (Excerpt)I started hitching up the thing. Five scattered rides took me to the desired Bear Mountain Fridge, where Route 6 arched in from New England. It began to rain

48、in lorrents when I was let off there. It was mountainous. Route 6 came over the river, wound around a traffic circle, and disappeared into the wilderness. Not only was there no traffic but the rain came down in buckets and I had no shelter. I had to run under some pines to take cover; this did no go

49、od; I began crying and swearing and socking myself on the head for being such a damn fool. I was forty miles north of New York; all the way up Id been worried about the fact that on this, my big opening day, I was only moving north instead of the solongedfor west. Now I was stuck on my northernmost

50、hangup. I ran a quartermile to an abandoned cute Englishstyle filling station and stood under the dripping eaves. High up over my head, the great hairy Bear Mountain sent down thunderclaps that put the fear of God in me. All I could see were smoky trees and dismal wilderness rising to the skies.(Fin

51、ished)译文助读在路上(节选)我开始搭便车旅行。零敲碎打地搭了五次车后总算到了我想去的熊山桥，从新英格兰拐来的六号线在那儿进入。我下车时大雨如注。山势险峻。六号线过河，经过一个环形交叉，没入荒野不见了。那里非但没有过往车辆，而且雨越下越大，像瓢泼似的浇下来，我毫无遮掩，不得不奔跑到几株松树底下去躲雨；但不解决问题；我开始叫喊，捶打自己的脑袋，责怪自己怎么会这么傻。我在纽约北面四十英里处；一路上使我耿耿于怀的是在我旅行的重要日子里，我仅仅是向北移动，而不是朝着向往已久的西部。如今我陷在最北面的滞留地点动弹不得。我跑了四分之一英里路，到了一个废弃的小巧玲珑的英国式加油站，站在滴水的屋檐下。我头

52、顶上高大巍峨的熊山雷电交加，霹雳声使人胆战心惊。放眼望去，只看到烟雾迷蒙的树木和连天的阴沉景色。(结束)二、这样考主题注重“思维品质”和“文化意识”.Reading 精读高考真题，发掘内蕴价值 (2019天津高考阅读理解C篇)1How does an ecosystem (生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have bui

53、lt mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.2With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator (掠食动物) always eats hug

54、e numbers of a single prey (猎物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the

55、extinction (灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.3Mathematical models have also reveale

56、d that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species including species th

57、ey did not directly attack.4And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of topdown control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affect

58、ed the ecological balance.5Scientists have built an earlywarning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is

59、key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return.(语篇中红体词汇为主题词汇)46What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?AThe living habits of species in food webs.BThe rules governing food webs of th

60、e ecosystems.CThe approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.DThe differences between weak and strong links in food webs.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，通过数学模型，科学家找到了生态系统食物网中运行的关键原则，故选B。47A strong link is found between two species when a predator _.Ahas a wide food choiceBcan easily find new preyCst

61、icks to one prey speciesDcan quickly move to another place解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“When a predator (掠食动物) .strongly linked”可知，当一种掠食动物总是大量猎食单一的猎物时，那么它们之间就存在着紧密的联系，故本题选C。 48What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?AThe prey species they directly attack will die out

62、.BThe species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.CThe living environment of other species will remain unchanged.DThe populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosy

63、stems”可知，位于食物网顶端的掠食动物数量的细微变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大变化，这与D项陈述相符。 49What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?AUncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.BRapid economic development threatens animal habitats.CSpecies of commercial value dominate other species.DIndustrial activiti

64、es help keep food webs stable.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of topdown control by top predators to be true.(未经计划的人类活动已经证明了顶端掠食动物自上而下控制的观点是正确的)”是这一段的主题句，下面的例子是为了证明这一观点，根据本段最后一句“这些行为已经大大影响了生态平衡”可知，人为的不受控制的行为会扰乱生态平衡，故选A。 50How does an earlywarning system help u

65、s maintain the ecological balance?ABy getting illegal practices under control.BBy stopping us from killing large predators.CBy bringing the brokendown ecosystems back to normal.DBy signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.解析：选D推理判断题。根据题干的关键信息“早期预警系统”，我们把答案定位在最后一段。该段说，这个系统是以数学模型为基础建立的，能

66、告诉我们什么时候应该改变人类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动，然后说“预防是关键”。故选D。素养透析一、依据语篇隐性考查的“语言能力” 1主题词汇语境中回顾(文中红体词汇多揣摩)2熟词生义语境中辨析(写出红体词汇的语境之义) With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.工作；使运行Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.联系 If a pre

67、dator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction (灭绝) of one of them.在中存活下来3生僻词汇语境中推断(写出汉语意思并识记积累)To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. 记录Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arran

68、gement is more stable over the long term. 控制；支配Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. 显示，揭示4用构词法解构词汇多领悟(写出词源或意义)Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrang

69、ement (词源：arrange) is more stable over the long term. 安排；排列These actions (词源：act) have greatly affected the ecological balance. 行动；行为Prevention (词源：prevent，意为：预防) is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point (临界点)，it is remarkably (词源：remarkable，意为：非常地) difficult for them

70、 to return.5用语法知识破译长难句To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.分析：本句句子主干是scientists have built mathematical models of food webs。不定式短语to find an answer在句中作目的状语；noting who eats whom and how much each one eats为现在分词短语作方式状语

71、。现在分词noting之后接了两个并列的宾语从句。译文：为了找到答案，科学家们建立了食物网的数学模型，记录了谁吃谁，吃了多少。Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。逗号前面部分是句子的主句，that food webs may be unstable是宾语从句。逗号后是关系副词where

72、引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词food webs。译文：数学模型还揭示出，食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网顶端掠食动物的细微变化都会对整个生态系统产生巨大影响。6理清文章脉络文意通、解题准二、煅塑新型人才所考查的“思维品质” 本文第49题考查学生结合生活常识运用批判性思维解题的能力。批判性思维是指能就某种事物、现象或思想观点做出批判性思考的能力，它需要学生结合自身的生活阅历和价值观对其进行否定、质疑或批判。这是一种较高层次的思维品质，要求学生具备独立思考和判断的能力。本题题干意为：从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论？第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端掠食动物鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端掠食动物狼

73、为例来解释说明第一句话。根据These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.并结合生活常识可知，不受控制的人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统。B、C、D三项文中没有提及，故选A项。三、贴合主流价值观所考查的“文化意识” 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家用数学模型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘，旨在激发考生对大自然的兴趣，引领考生去探索大自然的奥秘，揭开大自然未知的秘密。自古以来，地球一直存在着许多未解之谜，正是这种神秘激励着人们不断为此努力探索、求知。认识地球、探索地球奥秘，一直是人们渴望和追求的目标。在探索求知的过程中，不仅能提高学

74、生们的精神境界，也有利于培养创新和实践能力，从而实现自我超越。.Looking and Speaking 请用英语写出你“看”到的下面图片的主题概要参考答案The_universe_is_so_vast_that_it_fills_us_with_imagination_and_attracts_us.Only_from_the_height_can_we_get_close_to_the_universe,_which_requires_us_to_master_more_knowledge.The_universe_is_the_main_source_of_future_resource

75、s_for_mankind._Theres_a_lot_to_explore.宇宙浩瀚无穷，让我们充满了想象，吸引着我们。只有站在高处才能去接近宇宙，这需要我们掌握更多的知识。宇宙是人类未来的主要资源来源。需要我们探索的地方很多。.Writing 增分写作，从写作基本功抓起 写作主题假定你是中学生李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母的理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：1你的观点(至少两点)；2父母的意见。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Stephen，Now, Im writing

76、 to seek your help.There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.I dont know how to deal with it. I hope that you can offer me some valuable suggestions.Yours，Li Hua4步写作流程第一步：句写对给词写句space exploration, prevent sb.from doing sth., be angry wit

77、h, to ones overall development, be crazy about, try ones best, upset1我对太空探索痴迷。Im_crazy_about_space_exploration.2我认为健康的爱好有利于全面发展。I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.3我认为父母不理解我，这使我很伤心。I_dont_think_my_parents_understand_me,_which_upsets_me.4父母对我非常生气。My_parents_are_very_ang

78、ry_with_me.5他们尽力阻止我去图书馆。They_try_their_best_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.第二步：量写够语句扩充6用“so .that .”句型改写句1并加入“业余时间我常常去图书馆阅读有关太空探索的东西。”作结果状语。I_am_so_crazy_about_space_exploration_that_in_my_spare_time_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.7句4加入原因状语“因为他们认为我的爱好迟早会

79、对我的学习有不好的影响”。My_parents_are_very_angry_with_me_because_they_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_influence_on_my_study_in_time.8句5后面增加内容“对他们而言，好成绩意味着一切，我应该在功课上花双倍的时间。”They try their best to prevent me from going to the library.To them, good marks mean everything and I should spend twice more time on my le

80、ssons.第三步：语写美词句升格1句6升级为so .that .倒装句型。So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that_in_my_spare_time_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.2用do what they can to do sth.升级句8中的try their best。They_do_what_they_can_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.To_them,_good_marks_me

81、an_everything_and_I_should_spend_twice_more_time_on_my_lessons.第四步：篇连顺衔接成文Dear Stephen，Now, Im writing to seek your help.There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.I dont know how to deal with it.So_crazy_am_I_about_space_exploration_that

82、_in_my_spare_time_I_often_go_to_the_library_to_read_something_about_space_exploration.I_think_healthy_hobbies_are_beneficial_to_our_overall_development.But_I_dont_think_my_parents_understand_me,_which_upsets_me.However,_my_parents_are_very_angry_with_me_because_they_think_my_hobby_will_have_a_bad_influence_on_my_study_in_time.As_a_consequence,_they_do_what_they_can_to_prevent_me_from_going_to_the_library.To_them,_good_marks_mean_everything_and_I_should_spend_twice_more_time_on_my_lessons.I hope that you can offer me some valuable suggestions.Yours，Li Hua