江苏省南通中学牛津译林版高中英语选修六导学案（无答案）：Unit3 Understanding each other Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power .doc

1、Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage【Learning goals】1. Learning a new expression: let alone2.Learning a new sentence pattern: One reason whyis that3.Learning grammar: Unreal conditions【Language focus】词汇 let alone 【教材原句】In his youth, however, he never left his home town, let alone

2、 travelled to another country. because he had to work to support his family.(P41)【例句研读】译出句子，注意let alone在句中的意义(1)I can not speak Italian, let alone write it.(2)Let him alone. He must have been drunk .【自主归纳】let alone的同义词组（译出划线部分）(1)Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in th

3、e city, not to mention the damage to the environment. (2) It s difficult to compete abroad, much less win a championship!【即时巩固】根据汉语完成句子(1)他连父母的话都不听，更不用说祖父母的了。 He wouldnt listen to his parents, . (2)这个两岁大的宝宝还不会走路，更不用说跑了。The 2-year-old baby cant even walk, . (3)我们一定不要理他，他看上去像个疯子。 because looks like a

4、crazy man.句型【教材原句】One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. (P38)【句法分析】(1)The reason why . is that . 表示“的原因是”。在此句型中why 引导定语从句修饰 the reason; that 引导表语从句，说明the reason 的内容。(2)The reason why . is that . 的变化形式是：The reason for .

5、is that .【即时巩固】翻译句子（1）The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us._（2）The reason for their success is that they knew how to study._Grammar and usage: Unreal conditions虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟条件句三种基

6、本情况的谓语动词形式：所述情况从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式(did / were)主语+would / could /might / should+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+动词过去完成式(had done)主语+would /could / might / should+ have done与将来事实相反1)if+主语+动词过去式2)if+主语+were to +动词原形3)if+主语+should+动词原形主语+would / could /might / should+动词原形注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用

7、情态动词could, might等代替。1. 表示与现在事实相反：1) If he had (have) time, he would attend (attend) the meeting. 2) If I were (be) you, I should study (study) English. 2. 表示与过去事实相反：If you had come (come) yesterday, you would have met (meet) him. 3. 表示与将来事实相反：1) If it were to / should rain (rain) tomorrow, the meeti

8、ng would be put (put) off. 2) If you came (come) tomorrow, we would have (have) the meeting.注意：1、省略if的情况如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词时，可省略if, 把从句中的were, had或should提到其主语之前形成倒装结构。1) 要是我是你我就会放弃。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.2) 要是他们没有帮助我们的话，我们使肯定不会成功的。If they hadnt helped us, we

9、 would not have succeeded.Had they not helped us, we would not have succeeded.3) 要是明天下雨的话，我就呆在家里。If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.4) 要是明天下雨的话，会议将被取消。If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Were it to rain tomorrow, the

10、meeting would be put off. 2、错综时间条件句从句与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，要根据实际情况调整。要是你听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。If you had followed ( follow) my advice, you would be ( be ) better now.3、含蓄条件句在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。常用or / otherwise / but that +句子或介词with / without / but for + n. 表示隐含一种非真实的条件。1) 要不是因为雨，我们已经完成工作了。But

11、for the rain, we would have finished the work.2) 要是没有音乐的话，这世界将会是个枯燥的世界。Without music, the world would be a dull place.3) 我想和你去的，但是我太忙了。I would go with you but Im busy.4) Im glad I went over all my notes, otherwise _. ( C ) A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed5) I told

12、 Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. ( C ) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out二、常用虚拟语气的句型1. I wish 但愿I wish ( that) 主语+did / were (与现在事实相反)I wish ( that) 主语+had done / could / would have done. (与过去事实相反)I wish ( that) 主

13、语+would / could do (与将来事实相反)1) I wish ( that ) I were as clever as you (和你一样聪明)2) I wish (that ) I had told him the truth（我把真相告诉了他）3) I wish (that ) you could go with us.（你可以和我们一起去）2. If only 要是就好了If only +主语+did / were (与现在事实相反)If only +主语+had done (与过去事实相反)If only +主语+would / could do (与将来事实相反)1)

14、要是我能在一天内把英语学好就好了。If only I could learn English well in one day.2) 要是我听了他的建议就好了。If only I had taken his advice.3) 要是西蒙能给我回信就好了。If only Simon would reply to my letter.3. would rather 宁可、真希望 would rather (that ) +主语+did / were (与现在事实相反) would rather (that ) +主语+had done (与过去事实相反) would rather (that ) +

15、主语+did / were (与将来事实相反)1) 我宁可你明天干这份工作。Id rather you did (do) the work tomorrow.2) 我们真希望你没做过那样的事。We would rather you hadnt done (not do ) that.3) 我真希望你现在就付钱给我。Id rather you paid (pay ) me now.4. as if / as though好似、似乎 as if +主语+did / were (与现在事实相反) as if +主语+had done (与过去事实相反) as if +主语+ would / coul

16、d / might do (与将来事实相反)1) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were ( be ) broken.2) He talked about the film as if he had seen ( see )it.3) It looks as if it might rain (rain).但as if / as though后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被设想为真实的。It looks as if our side is going to win

17、(我们这边要赢了).5. If it were not for 如果没有If it were not for , 主语 + should / would do. (与现在事实相反)If it had not been for , 主语 + would have done. (与过去事实相反)1) 要是没有下雨，庄稼会死掉的。If it were not for the rain, the crops should / would die.2) 要是没有你们的及时帮助，我本可能失败了。If it had not been for your timely help, I would have fa

18、iled.6. Its ( high / about ) time (that) 主语+did 早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味 或Its (high / about ) time (that) sb should do (should 不能省略，be用were)This is the first / second time ( that ) 主语+have / has done1)Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time we went ( go ) home?2)This was the last time he ha

19、d been ( be ) there.7. 虚拟语气在动词suggest, insist, demand, command, arrange, order, require, request, advise, desire, propose等表示“建议、命令、坚持、要求”等后面的宾语从句中。 ( that ) 主语 + ( should) do1) The doctor suggested that she should stay in bed for a few days (他躺在床上几天).2) He insisted that he should be sent to the west

20、 (把他派往西部).3) He demanded that we should start right now (我们立刻出发).注意当insist作“强调”、“坚持说”，suggest作“暗示”、“表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。We insisted that she (should) go with us (她和我们一起去).Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything (他从未偷过东西).His pale face suggested that he was ill (他病了).虚拟语气用于suggestion, demand, ar

21、rangement, order, request, proposal, idea, plan等名词的表语从句和同位语从句中。 is that主语 + ( should) do that主语 + ( should) do 1) We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing (我们应该去北京观光).2)My idea is that he should accept the job ( 他应该接受这份工作).虚拟语气用于主语从句中。It is desired / suggested / d

22、ecided / ordered /requested /proposed + that +主语+ (should) do要求她今天下午完成作业。It is desired that she should finish her homework this afternoon.8. It is + adj.+that 从句 It is necessary / important / strange / natural / surprising+ that主语+( should) do1) 我们必须每天打扫教室。Its necessary that we should clean the clas

23、sroom every day. 2) 已决定会议延期到明天。It is decided / has been decided that the meeting should be postponed till tomorrow.注意：如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。1) 很遗憾你不会游泳。Its a pity that you cant swim. 2) 很遗憾他昨天没来。Its strange that he did not come yesterday.9. in case / lest(文，口语中用that替换) / fo

24、r the fear that 引导状语从句表示实现的可能性极小或意想不到的情况，意为“以免，唯恐”in case / lest / for the fear that + should do 1) He ran away lest he should be caught. 他怕被抓因而逃走了。2) Im afraid lest / for fear that he should miss the train. 我担心他会错过了火车。三、虚拟语气在简单句中的运用。1. 表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，使语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。1) Would you be kind enough to o

25、pen the door (开门)?2) It would be better for you not to stay up too late (你不要熬夜太晚).2. 用于一些习惯表达法中。1) 你最好现在就去那里。You had better go now.2) 要来杯咖啡吗？Would you like a cup of tea?3. 用“may + 动词原形”，表示“祝愿”、“但愿”。May须置于句首。1) 祝你愉快 May you be happy! 2) 祝你成功！May you succeed! 【Feedback】1. As you worked late last night

26、, you _ have come this morning. A. neednt B. maynt C. cant D. mustnt2. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading3. You were late for yesterdays party. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came; would

27、 meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet4. We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not given C. had not given D. did not give5. The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a month. A. has B. have C. had D. wil

28、l have6. What a kind teacher! But for his help, I _ my study. A. wouldnt finish B. wouldnt have finished C. shouldnt have finished D. mustnt have finished7. He _ another career, but at the time, he didnt have enough money to attend graduate school. A. might choose B. might have chosen C. had to choo

29、se D. must have chosen8. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need9. Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? -No, we _ it, but we spent too much time shopping. A. could have visited B. must have visited C. cant have visited D. shouldnt have visit

30、ed10. The careless driver knocked down the old man. He _ have driven so fast. A. cant B. mustnt C. wouldnt D. shouldnt11. Isnt it time that you _ someones life _ easier? A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little12. I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike. A.

31、 might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen13. Did you meet with the famous athlete, Liu Xiang? -_ I had come here earlier! A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For rear14. Mum, I climbed to get the kite down stuck in the tree? -My goodness! You _ yourself. You _ do that next

32、time. A. must have hurt; mustnt B. should have hurt; cant C. may have hurt; mustnt D. might have hurt; wont be able to15. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr Brown without delay. A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e- mailed16. _ fired, your health ca

33、re and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be17. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs. -You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have gone B. rained; would go C. was raining; should

34、 have gone D. have rained; could have gone18. _ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for19. What will you do during winter vacation? -I dont know, but its about time _ something. A. I decided B. Ill decide C. Id decided D. Im deciding20. Look!

35、 What youve done! You _ have been more careful. A. should B. may C. ought D. would21. With your ability, you _ out the puzzle within a few minutes. What a pity! A. could have worked B. need have worked C. ought have worked D. must have worked22. My suggestion is that the sick boy _ to hospital as so

36、on as possible. A. is taken B. must be taken C. be taken D. has to be taken23. _ here yesterday, he would attend the lecture with us today. A. Had he been B. If he were C. Were he D. Should be he24. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should

37、have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken25. Catherine, I have cleared the room for you. -Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done26. If I _ a chance to plan to do what I wanted to in the Golden Wee

38、k, Id have gone to Tibet. A. would have B. had C. had had D. have had27. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what28. _ before w

39、e set off the day after tomorrow, we should have a splendid dinner party. A. Were they to arrive B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Had they arrived29. How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. -If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than ne

40、ver. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont30. Did you say something rude to her because of what shed done?-Yes, but I _. A. had better not do B. would rather not do C. oughtnt to do D. shouldnt have done31. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. sho

41、uld have studied D. would study32. He treated me as though I _ his own son. A. am B. would be C. be D. were33. If he had come a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. have met B. would have met C. should meet D. would meet34. Look at the black clouds. It _ soon. Sure. If only we _ out. A. is raining; di

42、dnt start B. is to rain; havent started C. will rain; havent started D. is going to rain; hadnt started35. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _ some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2019. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. shall learn36.

43、 Did you visit the famous museum? -No. We _ it, but we spent too much time shopping. A. shouldnt have visited B. must have visited C. cant have visited D. could have visited37. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have

44、gone38. I suggested that we _ the meeting till next week. A. would put off B. might put off C. had put off D. put off39. What do you think of Xiao Yangs proposal that we_ a play at the English meeting? A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on40. I didnt take notes at yesterdays m

45、eeting because I had left my pen at home. -You _ mine. I _ it. A. must have borrowed; wasnt using B. may have borrowed; didnt use C. could have borrowed; wasnt using D. should have borrowed; hadnt used41. It is strange that he _ away without telling us. A. would have gone B. had gone C. should have

46、gone D. were going42. If I _ pass the exam, I would treat you to dinner at KFC. A. will B. were to C. was to D. am going to43. I would rather they _ tomorrow. A. come B. should come C. came D. had come44. Without electricity, what _? A. will our life be like B. our life would be like C. our life wil

47、l be like D. would our life be like45. It turned out that I mistook him! If only you _ me that earlier. A. tell B. would tell C. had told D. have told46. Oh, what a pity! It _ so easier for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, but Ive left them at the table at home. A. would have been

48、 B. is C. had been D. was47. Without the Internet, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be48. _, it would be silly to argue about it any longer. A. Was that true B. If that was true C. Should that be true D. Could that be true49. _ I in your position, I wo

49、uld go. A. If B. Were C. Being D. Should50. _ fine tomorrow, we would go to select the wedding suit for them. A. If it will be B. Had it been C. Should it be D. If it was51. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; be set C. should do; must be set D. had do

50、ne; must be set52. The captain commanded that the soldiers _ launch another attack on the enemy at once. A. should B. must C. could D. had to53. How happy I _, if you had been with me then. A. could be B. would have been C. should be D. were54. It is time that the government _ measures to protect th

51、e rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking55. Mary didnt turn up last night, did she? -No, she _. The case had nothing to do with her. A. shouldnt have come B. neednt have to come C. didnt need to come D. neednt have come56. If it were the fact that she _ sing, I would invite

52、her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not57. The commander ordered that the wounded _ to hospital right away. A. to be sent B. be sent C. send D. should send58. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldnt D.

53、 cant59. Would you like to have a taxi? -No, I _ walk there. Its such a lovely day. A. can B. ought to C. had better D. would rather60. The public transportation is very convenient in that big city, so there _ be any difficulty in travelling around. A. mustnt B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt61. -How

54、 did you do in the test? -Not so well. I _ much better but I misread the directions for writing. A. will have done B. could have done C. must have done D. may have done62. If the present unemployment _ continue, the society would face a more difficult situation. A. would B. should C. might D. could6

55、3. -Isnt it amazing that such a good player _ have failed to be selected to compete. Yes, but that is life. A. would B. might C. must D. should64. If we throw away too much waste and cant keep good ecosystem, we_ our future. A. must have destroyed B. could be destroying C. may be destroying D. must

56、destroy65. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions. A. should not have followed B. should not follow C. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed66. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set67. Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TV. A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done68. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting