江苏省宜兴市2015高考英语一轮阅读理解练习（5）及答案.doc

1、江苏省宜兴市2015高考英语一轮阅读理解练习（5）及答案【来自2011全国II】 For those who study the development of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a highlevel of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itse

2、lf in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image（反射出的影像）Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now an

3、other animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. We thought that elephants were the next important animal, said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author o

4、f the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans BM. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants seemed like cousins to apes anddolphins. The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They putan 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the anim

5、als play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies. Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painte

6、d on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.1. What can mirror tests tell us abou

7、t animals? A. Whether they have large brains. B Whether they have self-awareness. C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text? A. They are most familiar to readers. B They are big favorites with zoo

8、visitors. C. They are included in the study by Reiss. D. They are already known to be intelligent.3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty? A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror. B. She recognized her own image in the mirror. C. She painted a mark on her own face. D. She found t

9、he hidden camera.【参考答案】1-3、BDB2013江西卷 The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Denniss Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jacks dare. They liked camping, but not near th

10、is swamp.“So，” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name? ”“Are you sure you want to hear it? Its a scary story，” warned Jack.“Of course！” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldnt have chosen this place！”“OK, but dont say I didnt war

11、n you，” said Jack, and he began his tale.“Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in. In those days, the area looked quite differentit was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystalclear river. After three hard years, Dennis

12、 had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”“You are clearing too much land， warned one old man. The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it. Silly fool， said Dennis to himself. If I clear more land, I can

13、 grow more crops. Ill become wealthier. Hes just jealous！”“Dennis continued to chop down trees. Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping t

14、o the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”“What happened? ” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.“The land hit backjust as the old man warned, ” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here

15、believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”“What a stupid story, ” laughed Tom. “Plants cant” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted(晕倒). The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out

16、laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Toms face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.56The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _A. courage B. assistance C. instruction D. challenge57. Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story?A. To frighten them

17、.B. To satisfy their curiosity.C. To warn them of the danger of the place.D. To persuade them to camp in the swamp.58. Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man?A. The old man envied him. B. The old man was foolish.C. He was too busy to listen to others. D. He was greedy for more crops.59. Wh

18、y did Tom scream and faint?A. He saw Denniss shadow. B. He was scared by a plant. C. His friends played a joke on him. D. The weather became extremely cold.60. What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis?A. Grasp all, lose all. B. No sweat, no sweet.C. It is no use crying over spilt milk. D. H

19、e who makes no mistakes makes nothing.【要点综述】 本文主要讲述了三个人在沼泽地附近露营以及Denniss Swamp名字的由来。56. D考查词义猜测。由语境可知，他们去沼泽地野营应该是接受了杰克的挑战。57. B考查推理判断。根据第二、三、四段他们的对话可知，Jack多次警告他们这个故事吓人，但经不住他们的请求还是告诉他们了，可知讲这个故事并不是为了吓他们，而是为了满足他们的好奇心。58. D考查细节理解。由第八段“If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. Ill become wealthier. He

20、s just jealous！”可知他想有更多的土地，种更多的庄稼，变得更富有，还认为老人在嫉妒他。由此可知他不听老人的劝告是因为他想种更多的庄稼。59. B考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Toms face.”可知他晕倒的原因是因为他被常春藤吓到了。60. A考查推理判断。综观全文可知贪婪的Dennis因为其贪婪，结果失去了一切，故A项“贪多必失”，符合语境。C22013辽宁卷 China is a land of bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I tra

21、veled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them, all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, Ive found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However, people still use their bicycles to get around.For many, its the easiest and chea

22、pest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colorssilver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.Its fun watching people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道)Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that

23、 cars just cant provide.Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle.Great weather accompanied my great buy.I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.My first ride home was orderly(守秩序的)To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the

24、 streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didnt want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States.The streets here were wide, so crossing took time，skill and a little bit of luc

25、k.I finally made it home.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive.56According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?ABecau

26、se they are traditional and safe.BBecause they are convenient and inexpensive.CBecause they are colorful and available.DBecause they are fast and environment friendly.57The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended _Ato ride it for funBto use it for transportCto experience local cultureDto

27、 improve his riding skills58How did the author feel about his street crossing?AIt was boring.BIt was difficult.CIt was lively.DIt was wonderful.59Which of the following best describes the authors biking experience?AThe author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.BThe author was annoyed by the air w

28、hile riding.CThe author was praised by the other bikers.DThe author took great pleasure in biking.【要点综述】 本文是记叙文，主要讲作者来到中国，为了体验当地文化，买了一辆自行车在大街上骑自行车的快乐经历。56B细节理解题。根据“对许多人来说，这是今天最简单、最便宜的出行方式”可推断，流行的原因是自行车不贵而且方便，所以选B。57C推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“渴望成为中国文化的一部分，我决定买一辆自行车”可推断，作者是想体验中国当地文化。58B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“过马路是最大的问题

29、”，再加上下文的描述可知，对他来说，过马路是很困难的。59D推理判断题。最后一段中描述“在自行车上这种感觉是令人惊讶的，微风吹过我的脸和头发，这种感觉是美妙的”说明作者在骑自行车的过程中是快乐的。【2015高考复习】阅读理解If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness，the chances are that you will be thought as a goodlooking person，for a new study has found that the perception (认知)

30、of physical attractiveness is influenced by a persons personality.The study，which was led by Gary WLewandowski，has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics，such as unfairness and rudeness，appear to be less physically attractive to observers.In the study，the participants viewed photogra

31、phs of oppositesex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities.After personality information was received，participants also rated the probability of each individuals becoming a friend and a dating partner.Information on per

32、sonality was found to significantly change the probability，showing that cognitive (认知的) processes modify(修改)judgments of attractiveness.“Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，”said Lewandowski.The fin

33、dings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends，which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and，finally，to being viewed as more physically attractive.The findings remained consistent regardless of how“attractive”the individual was formerly

34、 thought to be or of the participants current relationship status.“This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness；it can even change peoples impressions of how goodlooking you are，”said Lewandowski.【语篇导读】据最新研究表明，一

35、个人外表的吸引力会受到他性格的影响，一个拥有积极个性的人会被认为是最有吸引力的人。20In the study the participants were required to_.Atry to make friends with each otherBtry to prove positive characters make people more attractiveCexhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudenessDrate ones attractiveness by photos before and after

36、 knowing her or his personality答案 D 事实细节题。文章第二段最后一句In the study，the participants.rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities(参与者在得知照片人物的性格的前后分别对他们的吸引力做出评估)，故选D。21Whats the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of attrac

37、tiveness?afind a person with a positive personalitybview the person more physically attractivecwant to make friends with the persondwant to be his/her romantic partnerAacdb BdcbaCcbad Dadcb答案 A 事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二段a positive personality(a)leads to greater expectation of becoming friends(c)(积极的性格会产生做朋友的期待

38、)，becoming friends，which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners(d)(做朋友会产生成为恋爱伙伴的期待)，finally，to being viewed as more physically attractive(b)(最后会觉得对方更加有吸引力)，故选A。22Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?AThe research reminds people to pay more attention to the per

39、sonality.BPersonality can change peoples impressions of ones appearance.CThe judgment of ones attractiveness always stays unchanged.DPositive personality may lead to more friends.答案 C 事实细节题。根据文章第一段中的the perception(认知)of physical attractiveness is influenced by a persons personality(一个人外表的吸引力受到他性格的影响

40、)，或最后一段中的it can even change peoples impressions of how goodlooking you are(这甚至能够改变一个人对你有多好看的看法)可知对一个人吸引力的判断是会改变的，不是一成不变的(unchanged)，故C选项的说法不对，选C。23The passage is written in a(n)_tone.Asubjective BobjectiveCsceptical Dnegative答案 B 推理判断题。文章客观介绍了一个实验的结果，作者的语气是objective(客观的)。subjective主观的，sceptical怀疑的，n

41、egative消极的，均不符合文章的描述。24Who are the intended readers of this passage?APeople with positive characteristics.BGoodlooking people.CPeople with negative characteristics.DGeneral people.答案 D 推理判断题。本文是对一个实验的客观介绍，目标读者就是普通群众(general people)，故选D。【来自2011天津卷】An idea that started in Seattles public library has s

42、pread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the

43、 book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the If All of Seattle Read the Same Book project in 1998. Her original program used author visits,study guides and book discussion g

44、roups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other American cities, and even to Hong kong.In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the One Book, One Chicago program. As a result, readin

45、g clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to r

46、epresent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy And passion into the choice of the book rather t

47、han discussion about a book itself.Ultinatel was Nancy points out,the level of sucicess is not meastured by how many people read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.1.What is the purpose o

48、f the project launched by Nancy?A.To invite authors to guide readers.B.To encourage people to read and share.C.To involve people in communnity service.D.To promote the friendship between cities.2.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the projict?A.They had little interest in reading.B.Th

49、ey were too busy to read a book.C.They came from many different backgroundsD.They lacked support from the locat government3.According to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?A.In large communities with little sense of unityB.In large cities where libraries are far from home

50、C.In medium-sized cities with a diverse populationD.In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached4.The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean A.exchanged ideas with each otherB.discussed the meaning of a wordC.gamed life experience D.used the same language5.According to Nacy,the degree of students of the project is judged by A. the careful selection of a proper bookB. the growing popularity of the writersC.the number of people who benefit from reading.D.the number of books that each person reads.【参考答案】1-5、BCDAC