河南省部分名校2022届高三上学期8月开学考英语巩固卷 WORD版含解析.doc

1、20212022学年高三8月开学考英语考生注意：1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2. 答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4. 本试卷主要命题范围：高考范围。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给

2、的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a hospital.2. What is the woman going to buy?A. A books on cars. B. A book on ships. C. A boo

3、k on planes.3. What kind of music does the man like?A. Classical music. B. Folk music. C. Pop music.4. Why doesnt the woman buy the coat?A. It isnt her size. B. It is expensive. C. She doesnt like the color.5. What is the man going to do?A. Cook some food. B. Do physical exercise. C. Arrange his hou

4、sework.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. What happened to Hudsons mother?A. She had a heart problem. B. She had a quarrel with her son. C. She was ill, but then felt much better.7. Wh

5、at kind of person is Mr. Hudson according to the dialogue?A. A careless person. B. A very good worker. C. A person who often gets angry.8. Which may be the reason why Mr. Hudson is so sad?A. His manager wants to fire him.B. His son has brought him some trouble.C. He cant get on well with his colleag

6、ues.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9. What does the woman say about small shops?A. They usually offer fresher food.B. The food price is usually much lower.C. The service is usually disappointing.10. What is most probably the man?A. A manager of a supermarket. B. A sales man in a small shop. C. A customer of a depa

7、rtment store.11. What might the woman think of supermarket staff?A. Theyre very nice. B. Theyre less friendly. C. Theyre well paid.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12. Why is it difficult for the woman to lose weight?A. She often sleeps too much. B. She has no time for exercise. C. She doesnt work out properly.13.

8、Who is Michael?A. Kates child. B. Johns workmate. C. Julias husband.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Change her present job. B. Eat less and do more exercise. C. Spend more time doing her job.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15. Where does Mike work?A. In a grocery. B. In an art school. C. In a languag

9、e school.16. What does the woman want to do for a change?A. Learn to draw. B. Learn to dance. C. Learn to play music.17. What is the most difficult in terms of learning Arabic?A. Pronunciation. B. Grammar. C. Idioms.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What kind of clothes does the speakers sister like?A. Cheap cl

10、othes. B. Ordinary clothes. C. Clothes of new design.19. What do the twin sisters have in common?A. They enjoy friendship. B. They prefer loud music. C. They want to have their children.20. Why doesnt the speaker like living in the same room with her twin sister?A. Her sister is easy to get angry. B

11、. Her sister cant keep things neat.C. They cant agree on the color of the room.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMy wife and I have been to Monterey many times with our two kids, but we saw this costal city with a fresh viewpoint when we joined my parents on

12、 their first visit to Californias Central Coast.The COSTTwo nights at Monterey Tides cost $ 710; lunch and a couple of rounds of beers at Dust Bowl Brewing Co. were $ 90; and entry to 17-Mile Drive was $ 10.50 per vehicle.THE BEDWe have stayed at Monterey Tides several times. Its direct beach access

13、 to Monterey Bay has kept us coming back. We love falling asleep to the sound of waves cashing. My parents had a room with a king size bed, and my familys room with two queen-size beds was right next door. The hotel offers facilities including beach-side yoga on Saturday mornings. We saw a group of

14、people stretch into their poses as we chased our kids. Maybe next time.THE MEALIve been a fan of Dust Bowl brewing Co. for years. The Turlock, California-based brewery (啤酒厂), opened its Monterey Tap Depot this year in a former train station near Fishermans Wharf (码头). Along with a bar inside, theres

15、 an outdoor seating area. We ate a tasty lunch and I chose one of my favourite beers, Hops of Wrath, an Indian pale beer that reminds you of John Steinbecks classical novel The Grapes of Wrath.THE FINDCannery Row, another Steinbecks novel, takes place in Monterey during the Great Depression. The cur

16、rent Cannery Row is lined with restaurants, hotels, shops and the world-famous Monterey Bay Aquarium. On our trip in early October, we bypassed (绕过) Cannery Row to explore the coast from Pacific Grove south to Asilomar State, which has easy access to tide pools.THE LESSON LEARNEDWhen youve been some

17、where countless times, you sometimes take it for granted, but when you go with someone who has never been there, you see it from a new point of view.1. What does the author like about Monterey Tides?A. Sleeping in the queen-size bed there.B. Doing yoga there alongside the beach.C. Hearing the sound

18、of the sea when he sleeps there.D. Reading classical novels there while enjoying some beer.2. What can you do in Monterey Tap Depot?A. Drink Hops of Wrath.B. Take a train somewhere.C Talk with novelist John Steinbeck.D. Go fishing near Fishermans Wharf.3. What can we learn from the text?A. Cannery R

19、ow allows easy access to tide pools.B. The authors children slept on a king-size bed.C. The author went to Monterey for the first time.D. The Grapes of Wrath and Cannery Row were written by John Steinbeck.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了作者蒙特利之行的特色和作者的感悟。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“THE BED”部分关键句“We have

20、stayed at Monterey Tides several times. Its direct beach access to Monterey Bay has kept us coming back. We love falling asleep to the sound of waves cashing.”（我们已经在Monterey Tides住过好几次了。它直接通往蒙特利湾的海滩让我们不断地回来住。我们喜欢在海浪拍打的声音中入睡。）可知，作者喜欢在Monterey Tides住是因为作者喜欢在海浪拍打的声音中入睡，由此可知，作者喜欢Monterey Tides是因为睡在那里时，可

21、以听到大海的声音。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“THE MEAL”部分关键句“Along with a bar inside, theres an outdoor seating area. We ate a tasty lunch and I chose one of my favourite beers, Hops of Wrath, an Indian pale beer that reminds you of John Steinbecks classical novel The Grapes of Wrath.”（除了里面的酒吧外，还有一个室外座位区。我们吃了一顿美味的午餐

22、，我选择了一种我最喜欢的啤酒，Hops of Wrath，一种印度淡啤酒，让你想起约翰斯坦贝克的经典小说愤怒的葡萄。）可知，在Monterey Tap Depot，作者可以喝到他最喜欢的啤酒Hops of Wrath，由此可知，在Monterey Tap Depot你能喝到Hops of Wrath。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“THE MEAL”部分关键句“Along with a bar inside, theres an outdoor seating area. We ate a tasty lunch and I chose one of my favourite beer

23、s, Hops of Wrath, an Indian pale beer that reminds you of John Steinbecks classical novel The Grapes of Wrath.”（除了里面的酒吧外，还有一个室外座位区。我们吃了一顿美味的午餐，我选择了一种我最喜欢的啤酒，Hops of Wrath，一种印度淡啤酒，让你想起约翰斯坦贝克的经典小说愤怒的葡萄。）可知，愤怒的葡萄是约翰斯坦贝克的经典小说，根据“THE FIND”部分关键句“Cannery Row, another Steinbecks novel, takes place in Monter

24、ey during the Great Depression.”（斯坦贝克的另一部小说罐头厂街发生在大萧条时期的蒙特利。）可知，罐头厂街也是斯坦贝克的作品，由此可知，愤怒的葡萄和罐头厂街是约翰斯坦贝克写的。故选D项。BAfter a tour of duty in Afghanistan, Benjamin Blume began to attend Sam Houston State University, USA but he felt there was something missing. That all changed when Blume attended a study pro

25、gram abroad. With the help of the staff at the Office of International Programs and the Veterans Resource Center (退伍老兵资源中心), he was able to take seven study trips abroad, visiting 19 countries in just three years.Blumes first stop was Leipzig, Germany for a German language program in the summer of 2

26、018. Later that summer, Blume visited Australia as part of the stars and galaxy (星系) course. “There was a major eclipse (日食) in Australia that summer and it was an amazing thing to see,” Blume said. “We also visited Wyoming after leaving Australia for the same course to see the sky.”In the fall of 2

27、018, Blume took off again, this time visiting Bern, Switzerland for a business course. Blume returned for the 2019 spring term before his next adventure that summer in Tokyo for a month long economics trip. “Tokyo was quite the experience and like nothing I had seen before,” Blume said. “I had never

28、 experienced so much culture and history as I did there.”Blume went from Tokyo back to Germany, this time visiting Aachen for an economics program. After returning to the U. S. and staying for a month, Blume travelled to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates for a three week marketing program. Finally,

29、Blume took his seventh and last study abroad trip to Auckland, New Zealand. “New Zealand was probably my favorite place to visit because the landscape is so diverse,” Blume added. “One day we hiked a glacier, which I had never done. I also got to see where The Habbit films were made.”4. Which countr

30、ies did Benjamin Blume visit in the summer of 2018?A. Germany and Australia.B. Germany and Switzerland.C. New Zealand and Australia.D. New Zealand and Switzerland.5. What did Blume do in Auckland, New Zealand?A. He saw a major eclipse.B. He hiked several glaciers.C. He attended a language program.D.

31、 he visited where The Habit films were made.6. What is the right time order for the following events?a. Blume visited Aachen for an economics trip.b. Blume visited Tokyo for a month-long economics trip.c. Blume visited Bern, Switzerland for a business course.d. Blume visited Dubai for a three-week m

32、arketing program.e. Blume visited Australia as part of the stars and galaxy course.A. e-a-c-d-bB. e-c-b-a-dC. c-b-e-a-dD. c-d-a-c-e7. Why did Blume return to America in the spring of 2019?A. For an interview.B. For his adventure.C. For his study.D. For a party.【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文

33、。文章叙述了本杰明布鲁姆在阿富汗服役结束后的活动经历。首先本杰明布鲁姆开始就读于美国萨姆休斯顿州立大学，但他觉得缺少了一些东西。当布鲁姆参加了一个海外学习项目后，这一切都改变了。在国际项目办公室和退伍军人资源中心工作人员的帮助下，他在短短3年时间里7次出国学习，访问了19个国家。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Blumes first stop was Leipzig, Germany for a German language program in the summer of 2018. Later that summer, Blume visited Australia as pa

34、rt of the stars and galaxy (星系) course.（2018年夏天，Blume的第一站是德国莱比锡的一个德语项目。那年夏天晚些时候，布鲁姆访问了澳大利亚，作为恒星和星系课程的一部分）”可知，2018年夏天，本杰明布鲁姆访问了德国和澳大利亚。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One day we hiked a glacier, which I had never done. I also got to see where The Habbit films were made（有一天，我们在冰川上徒步旅行，这是我从未做过的事。我还去了习惯电影的拍摄地）

35、”可知，Blume在新西兰奥克兰参观了习惯电影的拍摄地。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Later that summer, Blume visited Australia as part of the stars and galaxy (星系) course（那年夏天晚些时候，布鲁姆访问了澳大利亚，作为恒星和星系课程的一部分）”和第三段中的“In the fall of 2018, Blume took off again, this time visiting Bern, Switzerland for a business course（2018年秋天，Blume再次起飞

36、，这次是去瑞士伯尔尼学习商业课程）”等可知，以下事件的正确时间顺序。故选B。7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Blume returned for the 2019 spring term before his next adventure that summer in Tokyo for a month long economics trip.（布卢姆在2019年春季学期回来，然后在那年夏天在东京进行为期一个月的经济旅行。）”可知，Blume之所以在2019年春天回到美国，是因为他的研究。故选C。CThe Wall of Wind is the worlds largest win

37、d simulator (模拟器), an impressive installation capable of generating (使形成) winds of up to 157 miles per hour (70 meters per second).In order to better protect against the devastating force of hurricanes, you first have to study them and test various materials against the powerful winds they generate.

38、 With this idea in mind, engineers at the International Hurricane Research Center and College of Engineering and Computing at Florida State University spent 15 years building and perfecting the Wall of Wind, an impressive installation capable (有能力的) of generating hurricane-force winds.It all started

39、 in 2005, with two powerful wind turbines that were able to generate winds of up to 53 meters per second (m/s), but as the need to simulate more powerful air currents increased, so did the power of the Wall of Wind. Today，the installation consists of a total of 12 giant fans capable of generating wi

40、nds of up to 70m/s. For reference, a study showed that trees start to break at wind speeds of 42m/s, regardless of age, strength or flexibility.According to the Florida State University Website, “The Wall of Wind facility can test full-sized structures such as site-built or manufactured housing and

41、small commercial structures.”Thanks to a water injection system the Wall of Wind is capable of simulating wind-driven rain. It allows engineers to test structures and materials against both wind and rain damage caused by hurricanes. It also gives engineers a better understanding of how various desig

42、ns and materials handle powerful hurricanes.In the beginning, the Miami based Wall of Wind was capable of generating hurricanes of categories 1 to 4, but the current installation is reported capable of simulating hurricanes like Katrina and Andrew, which rank as category 5 according to the Saffir-Si

43、mpson Hurricane Scale.8. What can be known about the Wall of Wind?A. It can generate winds of up to 42m/s.B. It was built in Florida State University.C. It can protect against the force of hurricane.D. It is a wind simulator that can test structures.9. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. T

44、he Wall of Wind consists of 8 turbines.B. Trees start of break at wind speeds of 53m/s.C. Two wind turbines can generate winds of up to 70m/s.D. The Wall of Wind has the capability to break a tree.10. Why has the wall of Winds been installed?A. To protect people from hurricanes and reduce our losses

45、.B. To study hurricanes and test various materials against powerful winds.C. To generate faster and more destructive winds than hurricanes.D. To design structures and materials against both wind and rain damage.11. Where is the text most likely from?A. A technology report.B. A book review.C. An adve

46、rtisement.D. A science fiction novel.【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的的风力模拟器风墙(The Wall of Wind)的原理和功能。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“The Wall of Wind is the worlds largest wind simulator (模拟器), an impressive installation capable of generating (使形成) winds of up to 157 miles per hour (70 meters

47、per second).(风墙,是世界上最大的风力模拟器，一个令人印象深刻的装置，能生成风速高达每小时157英里(70米/秒)的风) ”和第五段“It allows engineers to test structures and materials against both wind and rain damage caused by hurricanes.(它允许工程师测试结构和材料是否能抵抗飓风造成的风雨破坏)”可知，风墙(The Wall of Wind)是可以用于测试结构的模拟器 。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Today，the installation con

48、sists of a total of 12 giant fans capable of generating winds of up to 70m/s. For reference, a study showed that trees start to break at wind speeds of 42m/s, regardless of age, strength or flexibility.(如今，该装置由12个巨型风扇组成，能够产生高达70m/s的风。作为参考，一项研究表明，无论年龄、强度或柔韧性如何，树木在风速为42m/s时开始折断)”可推知，风墙(The Wall of Win

49、d)的风力足以摧毁树木。故选D项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In order to better protect against the devastating force of hurricanes, you first have to study them and test various materials against the powerful winds they generate. (为了更好地抵御飓风的破坏力，你首先必须研究它们，并测试各种对抗它们产生的强风的材料) ”可知，安装风墙(The Wall of Wind)是为了研究飓风和测试各种对抗强风的材料。故选

50、B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了世界上最大的的风力模拟器风墙(The Wall of Wind)的原理和功能，属于科学技术类文本，所以本文很有可能选自科技报道。故选A项。DTOKYOJapanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga told the media on Monday if any places hosting events of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics declare a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 epidemic during t

51、he games, the events will continue to be held but without spectators. With one month to go before the games are due to begin on July 23, Suga is again showing his administrations determination to hold the Olympic Games as planned, despite so much pressure from various parties urging it to cancel the

52、 event.Although the Japanese government regards the Tokyo Olympics as an important opportunity to improve its soft power, the Japanese peoples enthusiasm for the Games has been continuously dented since they were postponed last year. The resurgence of the novel coronavirus in some places in Japan in

53、 recent months has cast a shadow over peoples confidence that the Olympics will not give rise to new groups of infections, and there are fears that the Games will provide new channels for the virus global transmission.Some torchbearers from Japan have withdrawn from the Olympic torch relay in the co

54、untry. And the latest survey indicates only 34 percent of Japanese people support holding the games according to the schedule. Predictably, the Suga administration will do all it can to try to ensure the games go ahead. But it remains to be seen whether it can stand the tests of the uncertainties re

55、lated to epidemic prevention and control that might happen during the Games.Since it has not yet got the virus under control at home, the people have reasons to question its ability to deal with the prevention and control work when large numbers of participants will arrive in Japan from around the w

56、orld in a short time. It is to be hoped that Japan can draw lessons from the organization of epidemic prevention and control work during the ongoing UEFA European Championship, carry out strict epidemic prevention and control measures, and be prepared for emergencies to guarantee the safety and succ

57、ess of the Olympics at this special time.It should be a common wish of the whole world that the Tokyo Olympics can become a stage showing unity and resolve of human beings in their fight against the virus. That will endow the games with special meaning beyond sports.12. What is the second paragraph

58、mainly about?A. The virus global transmission.B. Peoples worry about the infections.C. The resurgence of the novel coronavirus.D. The benefit of holding the Tokyo Olympics.13. How do 34% of Japanese people like holding the games according to the schedule?A. Uncertain.B. Negative.C. Approving.D. Indi

59、fferent.14 Which of the following can replace the underlined word “endow” in the last paragraph?A. Compare.B. Start.C. Provide.D. Charge.15. What can be the best title for the news report?A. Japan to ensure Olympics go aheadB. Olympics big test for Japanese governmentC. Japanese peoples enthusiasm f

60、or OlympicsD. Japans strict epidemic prevention during Olympics【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了日本首相表示，即使东京奥运会和残奥会的任何举办地在奥运会期间因新冠肺炎疫情宣布进入紧急状态，赛事将继续举行，但没有观众。文章说明了东京奥运会举办所面临的一些困境和挑战。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Although the Japanese government regards the Tokyo Olympics as an important opportuni

61、ty to improve its soft power, the Japanese peoples enthusiasm for the Games has been continuously dented since they were postponed last year. The resurgence of the novel coronavirus in some places in Japan in recent months has cast a shadow over peoples confidence that the Olympics will not give ris

62、e to new groups of infections, and there are fears that the Games will provide new channels for the virus global transmission.(虽然日本政府将东京奥运会视为提升其软实力的重要机会，但自去年推迟举办奥运会以来，日本民众对奥运会的热情不断减弱。近几个月来，新型冠状病毒在日本部分地区卷土重来，给人们对奥运会不会产生新的感染群体的信心蒙上了阴影，人们担心奥运会将为病毒在全球传播提供新的渠道)”可知，第二段主要讲了人们担心感染。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“An

63、d the latest survey indicates only 34 percent of Japanese people support holding the games according to the schedule.(最新调查显示，只有34%的日本人支持按计划表举办奥运会)”可推知，34%的日本人对按计划举办比赛持支持态度，故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“It should be a common wish of the whole world that the Tokyo Olympics can become a stage showing unity

64、and resolve of human beings in their fight against the virus.”以及后文“the games with special meaning beyond sports”可知，全世界的共同愿望是，东京奥运会能够成为一个展示人类在与病毒斗争中的团结和决心的舞台。这将赋予奥运会超越体育的特殊意义。故画线词意思是“赋予”。A. Compare.比较；B. Start.开始；C. Provide.赋予；D. Charge.收费。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“TOKYOJapanese Prime Minister Yoshihide

65、 Suga told the media on Monday if any places hosting events of the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics declare a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 epidemic during the games, the events will continue to be held but without spectators. With one month to go before the games are due to begin on July 23,

66、 Suga is again showing his administrations determination to hold the Olympic Games as planned, despite so much pressure from various parties urging it to cancel the event.(东京消息，日本首相菅义伟周一对媒体表示，即使东京奥运会和残奥会的任何举办地在奥运会期间因新冠肺炎疫情宣布进入紧急状态，赛事将继续举行，但没有观众。 距离7月23日奥运会开幕还有一个月的时间，尽管各方都在施压要求取消奥运会，菅义伟还是再次表明了他的政府如期举

67、办奥运会的决心)”结合文章说明了东京奥运会举办所面临的一些困境和挑战。可知，B选项“奥运会是对日本政府的一大考验”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。After any tragedy, there are always stories of selfless people risking their lives to save others.From evolutionary aspects, this kind of things seems to make no sense.

68、After all, the survival and reproduction of an individuals genes should be the first choice. _16_ So why do so many people do it?Psychologists call this sort of selfless action “extreme altruism”. Unlike most people, extreme altruists rank the needs of total strangers equally to those of their own f

69、amilies and friends. As US writer Larissa Macfarquahar explains, “_17_ No one is more or less human than anyone else.”According to a study in PLOS ONE by David Rand and Ziv Epstein of Yale University, making this decision to save someone elses life in an emergency is typically an instant decision. _

70、18_The study asks whether such actions might be related to the right amygdala in our brains. When looking at photos of people showing fear or distress, some people show more activity in their right amygdala. This means that some people are born with a greater capacity for empathy. _19_However, the r

71、esearchers say its not the only reason for heroic actions. An American writer Carrie Beckner claims that we also possess an “inner hero”. _20_ We all can choose to be people of action, if only we can find that little hero inside of ourselves.A. One wants the best for ones self.B. Not everyone needs

72、an inner hero in his heart.C. They understand others emotions more deeply.D. Volunteers are not motivated by self-interest, but by altruism.E. In other words, the life-savers said they didnt thinkthey just acted.F. For an extreme altruist, an African child can suffer as much as my motheror me.G. If

73、stirred to action, that inner hero is capable of performing tremendous goodness for others.【答案】16. A 17. F 18. E 19. C 20. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些无私的人冒着生命危险去拯救别人的原因是“极端利他主义”。与大多数人不同的是，极端利他主义者将陌生人的需求与自己的家人和朋友的需求等同起来。【16题详解】根据上文“From evolutionary aspects, this kind of things seems to make no sense.

74、 After all, the survival and reproduction of an individuals genes should be the first choice.(从进化的角度来看，这类事情似乎毫无意义。毕竟，个体基因的生存和繁殖应该是第一选择)”以及后文“So why do so many people do it?( 那么，为什么会有这么多人这么做呢？)”可知，上文提到个体基因的生存和繁殖应该是第一选择，故本句承接上文说明每个人对自己的看法：都希望自己是最好的。故A选项“每个人都希望自己是最好的”符合语境，且与下文承接自然。故选A。【17题详解】根据上文“Psych

75、ologists call this sort of selfless action “extreme altruism”. Unlike most people, extreme altruists rank the needs of total strangers equally to those of their own families and friends. As US writer Larissa Macfarquahar explains(心理学家称这种无私行为为“极端利他主义”。与大多数人不同的是，极端利他主义者将陌生人的需求与自己的家人和朋友的需求等同起来。正如美国作家La

76、rissa Macfarquahar所解释的那样)”以及后文“No one is more or less human than anyone else.(没有人比别人更有人性)”可知，本句是在美国作家Larissa Macfarquahar对于极端利他主义的解释，故F选项“对于一个极端的利他主义者来说，一个非洲孩子可能和我的母亲或我遭受的一样多”符合语境，故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“According to a study in PLOS ONE by David Rand and Ziv Epstein of Yale University, making this decision

77、to save someone elses life in an emergency is typically an instant decision.(根据耶鲁大学的大卫兰德和齐夫爱泼斯坦在公共科学图书馆综合上发表的一项研究，在紧急情况下做出拯救他人生命的决定通常是立即做出的决定)”可知，上文提到拯救他人生命，E选项中the life-savers对应上文中save someone elses life。故E选项“换句话说，这些生命拯救者说他们没有多想他们只是采取了行动”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据上文“The study asks whether such actions migh

78、t be related to the right amygdala in our brains. When looking at photos of people showing fear or distress, some people show more activity in their right amygdala. This means that some people are born with a greater capacity for empathy.(这项研究询问，这些行为是否可能与我们大脑中的右杏仁核有关。当看到人们表现出恐惧或痛苦的照片时，一些人的右杏仁核表现出更多的

79、活动。这意味着有些人生来就有更强的同理心)”可知，上文提到有些人生来就有更强的同理心，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文解释说明这些人能更深刻地理解别人的情绪。故C选项“他们能更深刻地理解别人的情绪”符合语境，they指代上文的some people。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“However, the researchers say its not the only reason for heroic actions. An American writer Carrie Beckner claims that we also possess an “inner hero”. (然而，研究人员表

80、示，这并不是英雄行为的唯一原因。美国作家Carrie Beckner认为，我们也有一个“内心的英雄”)”可知，本句承接上文说明“内心英雄”能够带来的好处，G选项中that inner hero对应上文中an “inner hero”。故G选项“如果被激发起行动，那个内在的英雄能够为他人带来巨大的好处”符合语境，故选G。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Year 2020 has witnessed the nations battle with th

81、e novel coronavirus pneumonia (肺炎). To prevent the _21_ from spreading further, people from all over China have been making changes to their everyday lives.Most people take their _22_, wear masks, wash their hands often and dont go out _23_ its necessary. One of the most _24_ changes was that many C

82、hinese people didnt _25_ to celebrate the Spring Festival, a tradition that _26_ over 4,000 years ago.Indeed, people have _27_ chosen to stay home to prevent further human-to-human spread.The situation is quite unusual. Many schools and places of work have _28_ their return date, although that didnt

83、 stop _29_ and students from working and studying at home.February 17 was planned to be the first day of the new term. On that day, many teachers began _30_ online lessons. Bored at home, some people began to learn new things to _31_ their newfound time, such as baking a cake or knitting a sweater.T

84、he film Contagion (2011) showed the worst-case scenario (可能的情况) after a worldwide epidemic. Fortunately, the situation in China couldnt be more _32_ than the movie. Rather than _33_ and food storage, everything has worked out rather well in China so far. More than 30,000 healthcare workers in over 1

85、00 medical teams gathered and thousands of _34_ workers came to build hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province. Thousands of volunteers are working nonstop to help deliver supplies and _35_ the affected regions.Its not the first time people have come together during a natural _36_. When Hurricane Katrina

86、hit the US in 2005, over 60,000 people, from both the affected communities and outside it, _37_. These helpers brought food and water, removed waste and searched for _38_ victims on rooftops.“Its a popular myth (谬见) that when disasters strike, people fall into _39_. In reality, were more likely to r

87、ush in to help others than run past them to _40_ ourselves,” wrote American psychologist Kelly Caldwell in Pacific Standard. “Its an exercise in mass healing (集体治疗).”21. A. storyB. errorC. diseaseD. worry22. A. temperaturesB. parcelsC. adventuresD. supplies23. A. unlessB. thoughC. whileD. since24. A

88、. wonderfulB. painfulC. stressfulD. cheerful25. A. get togetherB. take actionC. settle downD. turn up26. A. looks down uponB. keeps away fromC. makes up forD. dates back to27. A. patientlyB. consciouslyC. unwillinglyD. strangely28. A. confirmedB. discussedC. reservedD. delayed29. A. employeesB. offi

89、cialsC. researchersD. designers30. A. understandingB. reformingC. givingD. following31. A. countB. fillC. wasteD. abandon32. A. valuableB. terribleC. differentD. complex33. A. toleranceB. generosityC. curiosityD. violence34. A. repairB. constructionC. cleaningD. garden35. A. controlB. seekC. assistD

90、. visit36. A. disasterB. balanceC. phenomenonD. barrier37. A. escapedB. struggledC. complainedD. volunteered38. A. fireB. floodC. earthquakeD. pollution39. A. panicB. doubtC. responsibilityD. thought40. A. freeB. improveC. saveD. know【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31

91、. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。2020年是我国抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的一年。文章讲述的是中国人是如何战胜疫情的。疫情期间，没有暴动、暴力和食物短缺，到目前为止中国的一切都井然有序。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了防止这疾病进一步传播，全中国的人都对他们的日常生活做出了改变。A. story故事；B. error错误；C. disease疾病；D. worry担忧。根据上文的“with the novel coronavirus pneumonia”和空后的“from s

92、preading further”可知，此处指“疾病”传播。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人量体温，戴口罩，经常洗手和除非必要就不外出。A. temperatures温度；B. parcels包裹；C. adventures冒险；D. supplies供应。根据空后的“wear masks, wash their hands”可知，此处指测“体温”。固定短语：take ones temperatures“给某人量体温”。故选A。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：大多数人量体温，戴口罩，经常洗手和除非必要就不外出。A. unless除非；B. though虽然；C. w

93、hile当时候；D. since自从以来。此处是unless引导的条件状语从句，指“没必要不外出”。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最痛苦的变化之一是许多中国人没有团聚以庆祝春节。A. wonderful极好的；B. painful疼痛的；C. stressful有压力的；D. cheerful快乐的，高兴的。根据第5空后“to celebrate the Spring Festival”可知，因为疫情春节不能团聚，这是一件“痛苦的”事情。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最痛苦的变化之一是许多中国人没有团聚以庆祝春节。A. get together聚会，聚集；B.

94、 take action采取行动；C. settle down定居，安定下来；D. turn up出现。根据第5空前后“many Chinese people didnt _5_ to celebrate the Spring Festival”可知，此处指春节“团聚”。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个追溯到4,000多年前的传统。A. looks down upon看不起；B. keeps away from远离，回避；C. makes up for弥补；D. dates back to追溯到。根据空后“over 4,000 years ago”可知，此处指春节是一个古老的

95、传统，可追溯到四千多年前。故选D。27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：的确，人们有意识地选择待在家中以避免病毒进一步地在人与人之间的传播。A. patiently耐心地；B. consciously有意识地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据空后“chosen to stay home to prevent further human-to-human spread”可知，此处指人们“有意识地”待在家里。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多学校和工作地点已经推迟了他们的返回日期。A. confirmed确定，证实；B. discussed讨

96、论；C. reserved保留；D. delayed拖延。根据“The situation is quite unusual. ”可知，此处指“拖延”日期。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是他们没有阻止员工和学生在家工作和学习。A. employees雇员；B. officials政府官员；C. researchers研究员；D. designers设计者。根据空后“students from working and studying at home”可知，此处指“员工”。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多老师开始网上授课。A. understanding明白，

97、理解；B. reforming改革；C. giving给；D. following跟随。根据空后“online lessons”可知，此处指“上网课”。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在家感到倦怠，所以许多人开始学习新东西用来打发延长的时间。A. count重要，计数；B. fill充满；C. waste浪费；D. abandon遗弃，离开。根据第11空前后“began to learn new things to _11_ their newfound time”可知，此处指“打发”在家的时间。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，中国的情况和电影中的相比有

98、非常大的不同。A. valuable有价值的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. different不相同的；D. complex复杂的。根据空后“than the movie”可知，此处指“不相同”。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有暴动、暴力和食物短缺，到目前为止中国的一切都井然有序。A. tolerance容忍；B. generosity慷慨；C. curiosity好奇；D. violence暴力。根据第13空后“ food storage”可知，此处指没有“暴力”和食物短缺。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们分离出了第一个病毒毒株；一百多个医疗队伍

99、中的三万多名医务工作者驰援湖北，数千名建筑工人来到湖北武汉修建医院。A. repair修理；B. construction建造；C. cleaning清理；D. garden花园。根据空后“workers came to build hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province”可知，此处指“建筑”工人。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：数千名志愿者不停地工作帮助运送急需用品支援疫区。A. control控制；B. seek寻找；C. assist帮助；D. visit访问。根据空前“help deliver supplies ”可知，此处指“支援”疫区。故

100、选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是人们第一次在自然灾害期间团结一致。A. disaster灾难；B. balance平衡；C. phenomenon现象；D. barrier障碍物。根据空前“a natural”可知，此处指，这是一次自然“灾难”。故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自受影响社区内外的超过六万人充当志愿者。A. escaped逃脱；B. struggled挣扎；C. complained抱怨；D. volunteered自愿做。根据空前的“from both the affected communities and outside it”可知，此处

101、指志愿者来救助灾区。故选D。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些提供帮助的人带来食物和水，清除垃圾并搜索房顶上的水灾受害者。A. fire火；B. flood洪水；C. earthquake地震；D. pollution污染。根据空后“victims on rooftops”可知，此处指“水灾”。故选B。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人都误以为当灾难袭来的时候，人们会陷入恐慌。A. panic惊慌；B. doubt怀疑；C. responsibility责任；D. thought思想，思考。根据空前“when disasters strike, people fall int

102、o”此处指，灾难到来，陷入“恐慌”。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，比起从他人身边跑过去救我们自己，我们更有可能冲上去帮助他人。A. free释放；B. improve改善；C. save挽救；D. know知道。根据空前后“help others than run past them to _20_ ourselves”壳子，此处指去救他人而不是救自己。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all ar

103、ound the world. Who doesnt long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept _41_(concern) Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming _42_(increasing) ignored by the youth of the Eastthe ancient custom of “tonic food”._43_ is known to us, tonic fo

104、od is food that is consumed to improve ones well-being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once a custom for new mothers _44_(eat) a sesame oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was a general _45_(believe) that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve

105、circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”, while _46_ (other), such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” fo

106、od one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individuals health.The custom of employing tonic foods _47_ a healthier life also _48_(influence) the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberries, can be found on ma

107、ny _49_ restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a very _50_(benefit) addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of modest pick-me-up.【答案】41. concerning 42. increasingly 43. As 44. to eat 45. belief 46. others 47. for 48. influences 49. a 50.

108、beneficial【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的食补的习俗以及食补的应用情况。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念“食补”，这个古老的习俗在西方几乎是前所未闻的，而在东方却越来越被年轻人忽视。后跟名词作宾语，表示“关于”应用介词concerning。故填concerning。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念“食补”，这个古老的习俗在西方几乎是前所未闻的，而在东方却越来越被年轻人忽视。修饰动词ignore应用副词increasingly，作状语，故填increasingly。【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：众所周知

109、，食补是用来增进健康或避免疾病的食物。结合句意表示“众所周知”可知短语为as is known to sb. ，as引导非限制性定语从句。故填As。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在过去的习俗中，新妈妈们在产后的第一个月里每天都要吃麻油火锅。分析可知，此处为固定句型“it be + n.+ for sb. to do sth.”,it为形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to eat。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为，这道菜对肌肉有益，减轻疼痛，促进血液循环，刺激出汗，暖和身体。此处作表语，表示“信念，认为”应用名词belief，冠词a提示用单数。故填belief。【46题详

110、解】考查代词。句意：一些食物，如山羊肉和菠菜，被视为“热性”食物，而其他食物，如大白菜和萝卜，则被视为“凉性”食物。此处表示“其他食物”应用代词others，作主语，构成some.others.“一些其他”。故填others。【47题详解】考查介词。句意：食补养生的习俗也影响着餐饮业。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词for表示“为了”。故填for。【48题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：食补养生的习俗也影响着餐饮业。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为The custom，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填influences。【49题详解】考查固定短语。句意：中国草药，如枸杞，在许多餐馆的菜单

111、上都能找到，或者加到水果茶里，或者作为对菜肴非常有益的配料。此处为固定短语many a“许多”，其后加可数名词单数形式，且restaurant是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意：中国草药，如枸杞，在许多餐馆的菜单上都能找到，或者加到水果茶里，或者作为对菜肴非常有益的配料。修饰后文名词addition，应用形容词beneficial，作定语，故填beneficial。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，

112、每句中最多的两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Last weekend, my class went on a field trip to Jianmenguang, which nature reserve is quite fascinating. It is about 300 kilometer away from Nanchong.As

113、scheduling, we set off by bus from the school at 6;00 am. When we arrive at our destination, we began to climb the steep mountains. Cold and rainy it was, we enjoyed the uniquely views and played some exciting games. Additionally, we paid a visit at some museums to remember the soldiers who sacrific

114、ed themselves in the battles.From my point of view, its a rewarding experience for us, which can not only broaden our horizons, but offered us some time to enjoy us after a long period of intense learning. I hope more activities is like this will be held in the future.【答案】1.whichwhose2. kilometerkil

115、ometers3 schedulingscheduled.4. arrivearrived5. it前面加上though/as6. uniquelyunique7. atto8. offeredoffer9. usourselves10. 将is删除【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和全班同学去剑门关旅游的经历和感受。【详解】1.考查关系代词。句意：上周末，我们全班同学去剑门关旅游，它的自然保护区非常吸引人。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Jianmenguang，在定语从句中，关系代词作nature reserve的定语，因此要用whose引导。故将which改为whos

116、e。2.考查名词。句意：这个地方离南充大约300公里。Kilometer被300修饰，因此要用复数。故将kilometer改为kilometers。3.考查非谓语动词。句意：按照计划，我们6：00从学校坐公交车出发。按照计划，英语用As (it is ) scheduled,故将scheduling改为scheduled。4.考查时态。句意：当我们到达目的地的时候，我们开始爬陡峭的山。这里讲述上周末的事情，要用一般过去时。故将arrive改为arrived。5.考查连词。句意：尽管下着雨，天气很冷，我们还是享受这独特的风景，并且做游戏。根据though/as引导让步状语从句时，要将作表语提前，

117、形成倒装。故在it前面加上though/as。6.考查形容词。句意：尽管下着雨，天气很冷，我们还是享受这独特的风景，并且做游戏。修饰名词views要用形容词。故将uniquely改为unique。7.考查介词。句意：另外，我们还参观了一些纪念在战争中牺牲的烈士纪念馆。根据固定短语pay a visit to（参观）可知，要将at改为to。8.考查时态。句意：我认为这是一次有益的经历，不仅开阔了我们的视野，而且给我们提供了紧张学习后的放松机会。根据not onlybut (also)可知，can broaden与offered 是并列谓语，因此要将offered改为offer。9.考查反身代词。

118、句意：我认为这是一次有益的经历，不仅开阔了我们的视野，而且给我们提供了紧张学习后的放松机会。根据固定搭配enjoy oneselves (放松自己)可知要将us改为ourselves。10.考查系动词。句意：我希望像这样的活动将来多开展。该句句子结构完整，因此is多余，故将is删除。第二节 书面表达（满分25分）52. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Linda负责的创造性写作俱乐部进展良好。你也有意组建一个类似的俱乐部，你给她写一封邮件寻求帮助。内容包括：1. 写信目的；2. 你的问题及解决方法；3. 表示感谢。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Dear

119、Linda,Inspired by your creative writing club, I want to establish such a club as well. Im writing to ask for your suggestions and help.I know you have rich experience of starting and running a club, so would you please tell me the procedure of how to start a club? I also want to know what events I c

120、ould hold. Moreover, do you have any digital versions of teaching materials to share with me? Finally, I wonder if you would like to give my future club members several online lectures on creative writing.Thank you so much for your time and support in advance. Im looking forward to hearing from you

121、soon.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Linda写封信，就组建俱乐部相关的问题进行求助。【详解】1. 词汇积累组建：establishbuild up运营：runoperate步骤：procedureprocess提前：in advanceyahead of time2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Moreover, do you have any digital versions of teaching materials to share with me?拓展句：Moreover, do you have any digital versions of teaching materials so that I can be shared with?【点睛】高分句型1 Inspired by your creative writing club, I want to establish such a club as well. (运用了非谓语动词作状语)高分句型2 Finally, I wonder if you would like to give my future club members several online lectures on creative writing. (运用了if引导的宾语从句)