江苏省常州市 2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空训练（27）含答案.doc

1、江苏省常州市 2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空训练（27）含答案维B 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was _1_ to see that it was an English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary._2_ it was a dictionary intended for n

2、onnative learners，none of my classmates had one _3_，to be honest，I found it extremely _4_ to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and _5_ not fully understand the meaning.I was used to the _6_ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are _7_ both in English and Chinese.I really wond

3、ered why my aunt _8_ to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I _9_ that monolingual dictionaries are _10_ in learning a foreign language.As I found out，there is _11_ often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two _12_ in two languages.My aunt even g

4、oes so far as to _13_ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the _14_ meaning of a word in English! _15_，she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary _16_ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning._17_，I have come to see what she meant.Using a

5、 monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n) _18_ number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am _19_ exposed to(接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas._20_ this，I can e

6、xpress myself more easily in English.【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文，作者主要描写自己从最初接触英汉词典的惊异，到习惯使用英汉词典以及使用英汉语词典的好处。1A.worried Bsad Csurprised Dnervous答案C通读全文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，中国人学英语，尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候，他感到“吃惊”。2A.Because BAlthough CUnless DIf答案B前后两句在意义上是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而A项because引导原因状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。

7、3A.but Bso Cor Dand答案A此空格处是一个并列连词，连接前后两句。而前后两句之间存在的是转折关系，所以用but。4A.difficult Binteresting Cambiguous Dpractical答案A最初用英英词典，不习惯，所以作者感觉用起来很难。interesting是“有趣味的意思”，根据下文not fully understand the meaning排除；ambiguous“不明确的”；practical“实用的”。5A.thus Beven Cstill Dagain答案C句子中有否定词not，有副词fully，所以用still，表示“仍然不能够完全明白

8、”的意思。6A.new Bfamiliar Cearlier Dordinary答案Bbe used to表示“习惯”，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉。7A.explained Bexpressed Cdescribed Dcreated答案A此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“用两种语言解释出来”的，所以用explained。8A.offered Bagreed Cdecided Dhappened答案C“我”真想知道“我”姑妈为什么决定这么为难“我”。其他三个词虽然都跟动词不定式，但

9、是在这里意思都不恰当。9A.imagine Brecommend Cpredict Dunderstand答案D过去不理解，经过一段时间后，明白了。10A.natural Bbetter Ceasier Dconvenient答案B此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比较，A和D项没用比较级，better强调更好，更实用，而不是easier。11A.at best Bin fact Cat times Din case答案B常见的情况是实际上两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应。in fact表示“实际上，事实上”。at best“

10、至多；充其量”；at times“有时”；in case“万一，以防”。12A.words Bnames Cideas Dcharacters答案A词典上重点的内容应该是单词。13A.hope Bdeclare Cdoubt Dtell答案B“我”姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。14A.exact Bbasic Ctranslated Dexpected答案A前面的a Chinese equivalent和the meaning of a word in English对应，所表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。15A.Rather BHowever CTher

11、efore DInstead答案C此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系，所以用therefore。16A.when Bbefore Cuntil Dwhile答案A表示“当时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。before“在之前”；until“直到时候”；while“在的同时”。17A.Largely BGenerally CGradually DProbably答案C该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”，所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。18A.extra Baverage Ctotal Dlimited答案D从后面的around 2,000可知词典中用

12、于解释词义的词是限制在2 000左右。19A.repeatedly Bnearly Cimmediately Danxiously答案A在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。20A.According to BIn relation toCIn addition to DBecause of答案D后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English.表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。*结束8、（南昌市2011年高三

13、年级第一次模拟考试） CHICAGO(Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹)the face and turn it yellowit can do the same to the whole body. researchers reported on Monday. The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the bodyeven the skin protected from the sun.

14、We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced. Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan,who led the s

15、tudy, said in a statement. In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged from 45 to 65 years, Helfrichs team added in their report. The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking p

16、ictures of the inner fight alms. They ranged in age from 22 to 9l and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each persons skin was. When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse. wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint. Helfrichs team wrote. Severa

17、l previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature(过早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light. The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found t

18、hat cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩), reducing blood supply to the skin. Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.(1)When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it becomes all of th

19、e following but_.A. flexible B. coarse C. wrinkled D. discolored(2)How wrinkled a persons skin is doesnt relate to_.A. the number of cigarettes a person smokesB. the kind and characteristics of skinC. how long a person smokesD. how long skin is under sunlight(3).From the passage smoking results in s

20、kin aging mainly because_.A. it will lower blood supply to skinB. it can make you feel tiredC. it can make skin come offD. it can make blood run faster(4)The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. inform people about the result of the studyB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smo

21、ke againD. introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging【解析】研究表明，吸烟对皮肤的危害极大，如加快皮肤衰老，改变皮肤颜色等。才外，还会破坏结缔组织。不知种种触目惊心的研究结果是否能给广大烟民敲响警钟？ (1)A细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的内容可知当皮肤长时间暴露在阳光下时，皮肤不会变得“柔韧”。(2)B细节理解题。文章中没有提到皮肤起皱纹的程度与皮肤的种类和特征有关。(3)A细节理解题。倒数第三段提到抽烟会让皮肤过早衰老，下一段中提到抽烟使皮肤下的血管紧缩，减少血液对皮肤的供应，由此可知抽烟导致皮肤衰老的主要原因是降低了血液对皮肤的供应量

22、。(4)C 写作目的题。文章阐述了吸烟的种种危害，触目惊心，目的显然是警告人们不要再抽烟了。*结束高考预练1、 Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。答

23、案:B2、Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up解析：本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起; 顺车接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设

24、置；造成，产生”。答案:C3、The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless解析：本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。答案:D4、The living room is clean and tidy, with a din

25、ing table already _ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid解析：本题考查with复合结构的用法。with复合结构的构成是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，由于table与lay(搁放)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空格处用过去分词表示被动。答案:A5、Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. ha

26、s saved解析：本题考查动词时态的用法。句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。答案:D6、 Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct解析：本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“你家里总是那么整洁-家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的?” 表示“设法做成某事”用manage it。serve 表示“为服务；接待”；ad

27、apt 表示“使适应，使适合”；construct表示“建造，构筑；构思”。答案:A7、 Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one解析：本题考查代词的用法。句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”空格处与前句中的habit构成同位关系，所以选择D项。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，that在定语从句中作learn的宾语使用。答案:D8、Those wh

28、o suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter解析：本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保护”。答案:A9、 Her father is very rich._ She wouldnt accept his help even

29、if it were offered. A. What for? B. So what? C. No doubt. D. No wonder.解析：本题考查交际英语在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“-她父亲非常富裕。-那又怎么样？即使主动给她帮助，她也不会接受的。”表示“那又怎么样？”用So what? 。What for？表示“为了什么？”；No doubt 表示“毫无疑问”；No wonder 表示“毫不奇怪”。答案:10、 Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：本题考查形容词意义辨析。句意应为“在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。”表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy 表示“沉重的”； smooth表示“光滑的，滑顺的”； complex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。答案:C