江苏省常州市西夏墅中学译林牛津版高中英语教案 必修五：UNIT 3 SCIENCE AND NATURE语法.doc

1、过去分词一、构成和用法1. 过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。(1) 作状语：1) Interested in the stories (as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 in advance. 因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。 2) The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男

2、孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。(2) 作定语：1) The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep. 第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。2) The name mentioned in the letter（which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。(3) 作表语：We were surprised to find that the wi

3、ndow was broken. 窗子破了。(4）作宾语补足语：He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动”含义。 b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。2. 下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：1) The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。2) At present China is still less developed than most western coun

4、tries. 目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。3) Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。3. 过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：1) Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面

5、。如：1) Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。(1) 副词过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）(2) 名词过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）(3) 另外还有，形容词（或名词）名词ed的形式： kind-hearted（心地善

6、良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的）， warm-blooded（温血的）二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：amaze（使吃惊）amazedamazing; excite（使兴奋）excitedexciting, please（使满意）pleasedpleasing, thrill（使紧张）thrilledthrilling等。这类过去分词表示：“感到的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：1) The public was shocked at his intent

7、ion to clone a human. 公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。2) The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。流露出的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词，如：1) The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情。现在分词则表示“令人（感到）的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。如：2) The r

8、esult is disappointing. 结果令人失望。3) They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的消息欣喜若狂。试比较：the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义； 过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定

9、语。如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。如下图： 现在分词的被动式 the bridge being built 正在（被）兴建的桥主动 进行 现在分词 the workers building the bridge 正在建桥的工人被动 完成 过去分词 the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥现在分词的完成式 Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days leave. 建完了桥后，语法练习：1. What did the librarian _ out of

10、 the library?A. permit to take B. forbid to be takenC. allow to take D. insist being taken2. - Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?- _ the boring time.A. Kill B. Killing C. To kill D. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese

11、.A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.A. playing with B. having played withC. with whom to play with D. with whom to play5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frigh

12、teningC. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening6. Could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying shopping D. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is comin

13、g.A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over8. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. written B. writing C. write D. to write9. _ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A. Being B. When still C. Because of D. While10. It is worth much_ is

14、worth doing.A. doing it B. what to do C. do what D. to do what11. There is always the chance _ the weak _ the strong.A. of, defeating B. about, defeating C. of, winning D. of, to defeat12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. be seen13.

15、 There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ in all 20,000 people.A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating14. “If ,” he added, “ _ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to give B. I was given C. given D. to be given15. - Cant you take a few days off from work to g

16、o with me to New York?- Sure. _ my way and I will be glad to.A. Pay B. If you pay C. To pay D. Paying16. _ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand _.A. Giving; raised B. Given; raised C. Given; risen D. Giving; rising17. - Shall we go swimming?- Ok, Ill just go and get _.A

17、. to change B. myself changed C. changed D. to be changed18. - Would you do me a favor?- I regret _ I am busy right now.A. to say B. saying C. having said D. to have said19. I have no one _ me, for I am a new comer here.A. help B. helping C. to help D. to have helped20. The building _ in our school

18、is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built21. Theres _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known22. - You _ part in the party on time.- Sorry, I w

19、as delayed by the accident.A. are to take B. were supposed to takeB. were to have taken D. supposed to take?23. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesnt seem high at all.A. When compared B. To compareC. While comparing D. It compared24. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to ma

20、ke herself _ at the party.A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticing25. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully.A. relating to; dealing with B. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt with D. relating to; having dealt with26. Everything _

21、 into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking27. - What do you think of the plan?- Its easier said than _.A. carried out B. carrying outC. carry out D. to carry out28. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛 ) b

22、ecause they knew what _ from the forum.A. to get B. to be got C. got D. getting29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _to themselves.A. to introduce B. to be introducedC. introducing D. being introduced30. - Were you at home last Sunday?- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to

23、 _ the English grammar.A. review B. reviewing C. be reviewed D. being reviewed31. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying32. _, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vocation being overB. The summer

24、vocation is overC. Because the summer vocation overD. After the summer vocation being over33. _ she cant come, who will do the work?A. Supposed B. SupposingC. Having supposed D. Being supposed34. - Is there anything you want from town?- No, thank you. But I would like to get _.A. those letters maile

25、d B. mailed lettersC. to mail those letters D. those letters mail35. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ the rooms.A. tidy up B. to clear away C. clear away D. tidying up36. _ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A. Believe B. To believe C. B

26、elieving D. Believed37. To tell you the truth, Id rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to have got worse D. getting worse38. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _ to g

27、o to school.A. to be encouraged B. encouragingC. encouraged D. be encouraged39. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _.A. to send it to B. to send itC. to be sent to D. to have it sent40. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as inte

28、rpreter.A. the guide acts B. the guide actingC. acting D. acted41. Linda is thought to _ in Africa, but I really dont know what country she worked in.A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked42. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers an

29、d a thumb.A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved43. _ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A. Having given B. Given C. To give D. Give44. Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. dea

30、l B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing45. _ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. Discovering B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered46. What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. wo

31、rrying B. worried C. worry D. worries47. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _.A. supposing B. to suppose C. supposed D. being supposed48. - Havent you seen the sign, _ “ NO PHOTOS”?- Im really sorry I didnt.A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading49.

32、 _ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste50. -The plan is heard _ so well that we dont have to make any changes.-It is indeed.A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design51. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.

33、A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave52. Her dress has become loose. She appears _ weight.A. to lose B. being lost C. losing D. to have lost53. I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 54. The purpose of new drugs used on pa

34、tients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 55. -I would like to buy an expensive camera.-Well. We have several models _.A. to choose from B. of choiceC. to be chosen D. for choosing56. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A. belon

35、ged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed on C. were belonged to; feed onD. belonging to; feeding on 57. -Is it _ the bad smell that is difficult?-Of course.A. how getting rid of B. got rid ofC. to get rid of D. being got rid of58. Never _ off your coat; its rather cold outside.A. take B. taking C. to ta

36、ke D. taken59. You have no business_ to me the way you did yesterday.A. about talking B. talking C. talked D. on talking60. We must treasure every minute because_ time is _forever.A. lost; losing B. lost; lost C. losing; losing D. losing; lost参考答案：15 BCADA 610 ABCBD 1115 ABACA 1620 BCACD 2125 ACAAA 2630 BAABB 3135 BABAD 3640 ABCAB 4145 CADDA 4650 BCDCC 5155 ADCBA 5660 BCABB