湖北省武汉市第十四中学2016年高三英语语法填空专题训练及解题技巧（含答案）.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家高中语法填空专练练及解题技巧（含答案）解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是： 一、 浏览全文把握语篇 浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。 二、边读边填先易后难 在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确

2、的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 三、验证复查清除难点 有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。 另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。 技巧指导 语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对

3、单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the(child)housesareallfarfromschool. 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格ehildrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，

4、有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。例2：Atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang. 句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tobegiven。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、othe

5、r/another等。例3：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表

6、示程度不如的“lesstall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。例TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea(three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的

7、派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,sohewasvery(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命

8、中答案。例7：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying,dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoyoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：Hisbosswasangryastofirehim. 如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so.asto，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：Hedidnotdohisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此

9、引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例10:Thosewanttogotothevillagemustsignhere. 经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：TheUSconsistsfiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是of。例12：MrsBakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleaveto

10、takeofher.生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成takecareof。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor,dueto等。例13：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondonoftakingatrain. 此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。例14：Justthen,hesawablackboardinofhim. 细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成infrontof，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and,o

11、r,but,so,for,while等，常用的关联短语有both.and,either.or,neither.nor,notonly.butalso等。例15：LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,hisfamilywastoopoor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。 例16：MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both.and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，

12、on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词（见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况）。例17：Jackielikestodriveathighspeed. 这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。例18：OldTomsgrand-danghterusedtovisithimSaturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例19：ThoughLiuQiangdidth

13、esameworkZhangWendid，hegotalowerpayZhang第一条横线可由前面的thesanle判断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。例20：Itwasonlyonedayleft,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还

14、可能出现在比较远的，地方上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tonytravellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。一、语法填空专练 （一）

15、阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） （1） UsingGarbageasaFuelGarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlook_1_coal,petroleum,ornaturalgas,_2_theyarechemicallysimilartothesefossilfuels(料).Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageas_3_energy

16、source. Burninggarbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates_4_(burn)garbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteam_5_isproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,France,somepowerplantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecitysgarbageeachy

17、ear.The_6_ofenergyproducedisaboutthesameaswouldbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil! Butthereareproblemsinusinggarbageasafuel.Garbagethatburns_7_(easy),suchasfoodandpaper,mustbeseparatedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonotburneasily.Anotherproblemisthatburninggarbagecan_8_theair.

18、 Ourfossilfuelsuppliesare_9_.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbage_10_(pile)upontheearth. （2）TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKelleristhemost_1_(influence)bookinmylife.Itisfilledwithcourage,struggleandfaiththroughout.HelenKel

19、lerwasonceindeepdespairinher_2_,butfinallyshedecidedtoovercomeherphysicaldefectsandlivehappily.Furthermore,sheshowedgreatpatience_3_herlongandhardlearningperiod. Ihavelearned,aboveall,threelessonsfromherstory.First,shetaughtmethatoftentheroadtosuccessistofacehardships_4_(bravety).Maybeyouarebornunde

20、ranillstaryetyoucanstandabetterchance_5_others.Itisthereforeimportantthatyouscrewupyourcourage_6_courageisneeded.Second,theimpairmentofpartofhersensesdidnotstop_7_learning:onthecontrary,shehadmadecontinual_8_togodeeperintotherealmofknowledge,andherperseverancehadthushelpedherovercomemanyhandicaps._9

21、_,sheadvisedthatweshouldmakethemostofoursense-organsasifwe_10_(lose)themsoonbecausethiswaywewouldobservetheworldmorecarefullythaneverbefore. （3）(1) The villagers all look forward to _ (benefit)from the railway to be built in their village.(2) It just rains _ ( slight ) . It doesnt matter whether you

22、 bring your umbrella or not.(3) _ amazed me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(4) The train runs _ the forests and _the mountains. （4）Most scientists think the universe began with a “Big Bang” 1 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago, the dust settled into 2 solid globe, 3 exploded

23、with fire and rock and formed the earthatmosphere.As the water appeared on the earth, the 4 ( harm )gases and acids was dissolved into the oceans and seas, which made it possible for life 5 (develop) on the earth.Many millions of years 6 , the first planets appearedon the water and they produced oxy

24、gen. Thanks to the oxygen,all kinds of life 7 ( appear ) on the earth. Until 2.6 million years ago, the human beingsancestors began to develop all over the earth one after another. But their 8 ( activity) produced too much dioxide into the air, 9 ( cause )global warming problem. So the earth will be

25、 10 danger. 三、语法填空专练（二）(1)In the United States, there were 222 people _1_ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The _2_ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money _3_ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _4_ he first helped to set up the c

26、ompany in 1976. He was a billionaire _5_ the time he was 31. _6_, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even _7_ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. _8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars _9_ (ac

27、t) in movies before they were 14. But _10_ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2)Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car _1_ (steal) .They filed a report_2_ the police s

28、tation and a detective drove them _3_ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their _4_ (amaze), the car had been returned _5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the _6_. Please forget the inconvenience. There ar

29、e two tickets _7_ tonights Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended _8_ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found _9_their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was _10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?

30、” (3)People _1_ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _2_ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four _3_ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need _4_ these. To read short

31、 stories you need to know only about two thousand words. _5_ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary _6_ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _7_ (write) in easy English.

32、 You will enjoy them. When you meet _8_ new word, look it _9_ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _10_ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets _1_ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _2_ th

33、en the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from _3_, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most _4_ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, _5_. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _6_ (have) a look first,

34、 or you will go _7_ wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses _8_ two floors. You can sit on the _9_ (two) floor. From _10_ you can see the city very well. Its very interesting. (5) _1_ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women _2_ any clothes on, and he and his _3_ always

35、 tried to keep the small girl out _4_ he was doing this, “She is _5_ young to understand,” they said. But one day, when the artist _6_ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs _7_ her, but when she got to the

36、 room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. _8_ her parents waited for her to speak. For a few seconds the little girl said _9_, but then she ran to her mother and said _10_ (angry), “Why do you let her go about without shoes and socks on when you dont let me?” (6) Most

37、Americans dont like to get advice _1_ members of their family. They get advice from “_2_ (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. _3_ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _4_ give advice on many different subjects _5_ (include) family problems, t

38、he use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, _6_ even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers _7_ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _8_ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers

39、 are doctors, _9_ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special _10_ (train) for this kind of work. (7) Without proper planning, tourism can cause_1_. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places _2_ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民)

40、 of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become _3_ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists _4_ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the countrys economy. _5_ is important to think about the people of a destination country and _6_

41、 tourism affects them. Tourism should help _7_ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and _8_ (happy) of local inhabitants. Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism _9_ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work _10_ the

42、tourism industry. This means that other parts of the countrys economy can suffer. (8) London was awarded _1_ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, _2_ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital _3_ the first time since 1948. _4_ Moscow, New York a

43、nd Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds London beat Paris 5450 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC. In London crowds cheered and waved flags as _5_ watched the announcement from Singapore _6_ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area _7_ the main Olympic compl

44、ex (建筑群) will be based. Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore _8_ leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise to you is we will be your very _9_ (good) partners,” Blair said. Its the fourth bid (申办) from Britain after _10_ (fail) attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olym

45、pics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000. (9) Why is setting goals so _1_? Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything _2_ you want in life. Instead _3_ just letting life happen to you, goals allow _4_ to make your life happen. _5_ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals

46、 to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. Its _6_ having a map to show you _7_ you want to go. Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and _8_ (set) goals. Unsuccessfu

47、l people just let life happen by accident. Goals arent difficult to set, and _9_arent difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are _10_one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life. (10) We often think of future. We often wonder _1_the w

48、orld will be like a hundred years time. Think of _2_ space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon _3_ (set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as _4_. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, _5_ (permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes,

49、people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _6_ planets. Great progress will have been made _7_ medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years time. _8_ the world will have been developedeven Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earths land to build our cities

50、, _9_ floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities _10_ the sea. 参考答案语法填空专练（一）（1）1.like2.but3.an4.havebeenburning5.that6.amount7.easily8.pollute9.limited10.piling 垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。 燃烧

51、垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。 我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。 （2）1.influential,2.childhood,3.in,4.bravel

52、y,5.than,6.when, 7.her,8.efforts,9.Third,10.wouldlose 【译文】对我一生最有影响的书 海伦写的我的生活故事是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。 最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地面对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，

53、相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。（3）( Key: benefiting; slightly; What; through, over )其中(1)是关于look forward to doing 这个搭配; (2)考查的是形容词加-ly 变成副词的构词法; (3)则涉及重点语法内容名词性从句的引导词; (4)是复习两个重要的介词。这样, 既可以复习已学的语法知识, 又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。（4）1. Between 2. a 3.

54、which 4. harmful 5. to develop 6. later 7. appeared 8. activities 9. causing 10. in语法填空专练（2）参考答案(1) 1 reported 2 richest/wealthiest 3 by 4 when 5 by 6 However 7 younger 8 Both 9 acting 10 the (2) 1 had been stolen 2 at 3 back 4 amazement 5 and 6 hospital 7for 8 the 9 that 10 another (3) 1 living 2 l

55、anguages 3 or 4 all 5 Before 6 bigger 7 written 8 a 9 up 10 most (4) 1 because 2 and 3 work 4 dangerous 5 too 6 Have 7 the 8 with 9 second 10 there (5) 1 An 2 without 3 wife 4 when/while 5 too 6 was painting 7 after 8 Both 9 nothing 10 angrily (6) 1 from 2 strangers 3 Instead 4 that/which 5 includin

56、g 6 and 7 regularly 8 answers 9 others 10 training (7) 1 problems 2 that/which 3 annoyed 4 and 5 It 6 how 7 a 8 happiness 9 grows 10 in (8) 1 the 2 defeating 3 for 4 After 5 they 6 on 7 where 8 before 9 best 10 failed (9) 1 important 2 that 3 of 4 yourself 5 Successful 6 like 7 where 8 setting 9 they 10 the (10) 1 what 2 / 3 will have been set up 4 tourists/visitors/travelers 5 permitting 6 other 7 in 8 All 9 so/thus/therefore 10 under高考资源网版权所有，侵权必究！