2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[10]宗教自由（含注解与翻译）.docx

1、2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊10（含翻译与重点词汇短语注解）What isfreedom of religion?Answer:You canpractice any religion, or not practice a religion.什么是宗教自由？答案：你既可以信教，也可以不信教。笔记🖊： practice=observe the teaching and rules of (a particular religion)遵循（宗教）的教导和教规, 信奉：non-Muslims were free to practise their religion非穆斯林

2、教徒有信奉自身宗教的自由as adj.practicing a practising Roman Catholic.一位虔诚的罗马天主教徒。 freedom of religion宗教自由Explanation:Many of the earliest Americansfollowed a religionthat was different from the onepracticed(or believed in) by the people in government. These early Americansfled(or ran away from) their original

3、countries because theywere treated unfairlybecause of theirreligious beliefs. When it was time for them to write their owngoverning document(or laws to create a country) they felt that freedom of religion was very important.解释：很多最早的美国人信的教与当权者信的教不相同。这些最早的美国人逃离了他们的原住国，是因为他们因为自己的宗教信仰而受到不公平的对待。所以他们撰写创立国

4、家法律的时候，觉得宗教自由非常重要。笔记🖊： follow/practice a religion信仰宗教 fled是flee的过去式 be treated unfairly被不公平对待 religious belief宗教信仰 governing document国家法律Freedom of religion is also sometimes calledseparation of church and state. Separation of church and state means that religion (also called the church) and

5、 government (also called the state) are separate and independent and should not work too closely together. For example, it isunconstitutional(or against the law) for Congress to make a law that says Americans have toattend (or go to) a church,synagogue,mosque, temple, or any other place where people

6、 meet for religious purposes. The government also cannotendorseone religious groupoveranother, meaning that the government cannot tell Americans which religion it thinks is the best. Either of these things wouldviolate(or go against) Americans freedom of religion.宗教自由有时也称为“政教分离”。“政教分离”是指宗教和政府之间相互独立，

7、它们之间的联系不能太紧密。例如，国会颁布法律规定：“美国人必须要去教堂，犹太教堂，清真寺，寺庙或人们因宗教目的而聚集的其它地方”，这就违反了宪法规定。政府也不能支持一个宗教团体而不支持另外一个宗教团体，意思是政府不能对美国人说他们认为哪个宗教最优越。做了以上任何一件事都会侵犯美国人的宗教自由。笔记🖊： separation of church and state政教分离 unconstitutional/nknsttjunl/ 违反宪法的; 不符合章程规定的 attend a church= go to a church 去教堂 synagogue/sngg/犹太教堂 mosq

8、ue/msk/ 清真寺 endorse/nds/ = declare ones public approval or support of（公开）赞同, 支持, 认可endorse A over B支持A而不支持B violate/valet/ 侵犯they denied that human rights were being violated.他们否认人权受到侵犯。The United States was one of the first countries in the world to have freedom of religion. Today, this is one of t

9、he most importantfreedomsin the United States. About seventy-five percent of Americans are Christians, but other religions such as Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduismare also practiced bymany people in the U.S., while some people dont follow any religion at all. Because religious freedom is wides

10、pread and accepted in most areas and by most people in the country,religious diversity(or the existence of many different religions in the same place at the same time) has become normal in this country. The men who wrote the Constitution and passed the amendments in the Bill of Rights were mostly wh

11、ite, wealthy,ProtestantChristians. They would havehad no way ofknowing how much religious diversity the U.S. would have many, many years lateras a result oftheir creating freedom of religion.美国是世界上首批拥有宗教自由的国家之一。如今，它是美国最重要的自由之一。大约四分之三的美国人是基督教徒。但也有很多美国人信仰犹太教、伊斯兰教，佛教以及印度教等宗教，也还有一些人根本就不信仰任何宗教。因为宗教自由理念得到

12、广泛传播并得到美国大部分地区和人群的接受，美国宗教多样性（或者说是许多不同宗教同时存在于相同的地方）变得很普遍。撰写宪法和通过权利法案修正案的人大多数是白种人、富人、新教徒。他们根本无法得知由于他们创造的宗教自由，多年以后美国的宗教多样性会有多大。笔记🖊： religious diversity宗教多样性 Judaism/du:deiizm/ 犹太教 Islam/zlm/ 伊斯兰教 Hinduism/hnduzm/ 印度教 Protestant/prtstnt/ 新教徒的 have no way of doing sth无法做某事Freedom of religion has

13、always been a controversial topic (or a topic that is often argued over because people have many different opinions). Even in recent years, there have been many legal questions about whether religion belongs in school and in public places. Not everyoneagrees onhow religion and government should be s

14、eparated, and the courts continue to change how theyinterpret(or understand) freedom of religion.宗教自由一直是备受争议的话题（或者说是因为人们各持己见而经常受到争论的话题）。甚至在最近几年，就一直存在很多关于宗教是否属于学校和公共场所的法律问题。人们对宗教和政府该如何分开这一问题意见各异。法院对宗教自由的诠释也在不断发生变化。笔记🖊： agree on sth同意某事 interpret理解she made a gesture which he chose to interpret as an invitation.她做了一个手势, 他将此理解为一种邀请。