2021版高考英语一轮复习限时规范练41Unit21HumanBiologyA北师大版选修7.docx

1、限时规范练41 Unit 21 Human Biology A核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、历史地理的素养能力意识限时规范练第82页一、阅读理解AThe island of Cuba is no bigger than Pennsylvania.Yet when it comes to nature,the island is one of the most important places on the planet.That is the message of Cuba!,an exhibit that opened in November at the American Museum

2、 of Natural History (AMNH),in New York City.“The biodiversity (生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity,” Ana Luz Porzecanski says.She is the director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at AMNH and one of the two curators (a person in charge of a museum exhibit) of the exhibit.Detailed

3、recreations of four habitats transport typical parts of Cubas landscapes and seascapes to New York.They include ancient caves and a network of reefs.One area features live anole lizards,a Cuban tree frog,and a Cuban boa.Cuba boasts more than 6,500 species of plants,161 kinds of reptiles,65 types of

4、amphibians,42 species of mammals,and 367 bird species.One of those is the bee hummingbird.Weighing far less than an ounce (about 28 grams),it is the smallest bird on Earth.Much of the wildlife found in Cuba exists only there.That gives scientists a unique opportunity to study how plants and animals

5、develop and survive.“Cuba is a very exciting place for us to look at all these different processes,” says Christopher Raxworthy.He is in charge of one department of the museum and a cocurator of the exhibit.“But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”Climate change is threatening Cubas

6、 wildlife.Some species may even disappear.The country is taking steps to protect its plants and animals.But AMNH hopes Cuba! will show how important the countrys natural world is to everyone.【篇章导读】本文是说明文。美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览Cuba!展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。1.What can be known about Cuba!?A.It shows Cubas rich biodivers

7、ity.B.It compares the islands on the planet.C.It features Cubas social development.D.It opens in a museum in Pennsylvania.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“whenitcomestonature,theislandisoneofthemostimportantplacesontheplanet.ThatisthemessageofCuba!”以及第二段中的“ThebiodiversityofCubaispartofCubanidentity”可知,Cuba!是在纽约的美国

8、自然历史博物馆举办的一次展览,主要展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。2.What does the underlined word “boasts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Increases.B.Needs.C.Has.D.Expects.答案C解析词义猜测题。由划线词后的“6,500speciesofplants,161kindsofreptiles,65typesofamphibians,42speciesofmammals,and367birdspecies”可知,古巴拥有6500种植物、161种爬行动物、65种两栖动物、42种哺乳动物和367种鸟类,这

9、也照应了上文中提到的古巴丰富的生物多样性。3.What is the best title for the text?A.Cuba fights climate changeB.Travel from Cuba to AmericaC.Wildlife conservation faces threatD.AMNHs Cuba exhibit explores biodiversity答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览Cuba!展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。D项作标题符合文章主旨。BWhen Anthony and Jacqueline Ric

10、hs dog Monty died last November at the age of 14,the couple,who are in their sixties and have had dogs for forty years of married life,were devastated.Today there is another dog Ollie at their home.He came to them after the death of his 81-year-old owner and they already “love him to pieces”.Its a s

11、imple enough equation bereaved (丧失亲人的) owner plus bereaved pet equals comfort and new joy for both parties.The benefits of animal companionship for older people are now well documented;it is the practicalities that often prove the stumbling block.This month Dr June McNicholas,a health psychologist a

12、t Warwick University,will carry out a study which aims to identify those factors that may prevent the elderly from keeping pets and which suggests possible solutions.“Old people with pets are generally more active,” she says.“Obviously,walking a dog is good exercise and can also be a way of preservi

13、ng social contacts or making new friendships,but even just getting up and down to see to the cat or going to the shops for food is better than nothing.Research has also found that those who have animals are likely to keep their homes warmer in winter and to feed themselves more regularly.Self-care i

14、s often tied in with pet care,which is especially important for those who live alone.”In an earlier project McNicholas studied the role of animals in helping people widowed (寡居的) after long marriages.Among 200 subjects,she found that symptoms of uncontrolled tearfulness and feelings of hopelessness

15、and helplessness were all lowered among pet owners.McNicholas says,“In the early stages,the animal was a continuing link with the loved one.The bereaved often want to talk about the person theyve lost,but other people dont,so instead they talk to the dog,which responds to the name.We have no way of

16、knowing whether animals are actually sympathetic,but they respond to changes in behaviour and body language in a way that gives comfort.【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了养宠物的好处。4.What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Grateful.B.Relaxed.C.Sorrowful.D.Confused.答案C解析词义猜测题。由第一段中的“Montydied”

17、和“havehaddogsforfortyyearsofmarriedlife”以及“bereavedownerplusbereavedpetequalscomfortandnewjoyforbothparties”可知,当Anthony和JacquelineRich夫妇的狗Monty死后,他们非常伤心。5.What does McNicholas mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?A.The benefits of keeping a pet.B.The troubles pet owners face.C.Factors preventing people

18、having pets.D.Ways of handling old peoples loneliness.答案A解析段落大意题。由第三段的描述可知,本段主要讲述了养宠物给老人带来的好处:老人会更积极、得到更多的锻炼、保持社交,宠物还可以激励老人照顾好自己。6.What did McNicholass earlier study find?A.Pets often show their owners sympathy.B.Pets can respond to their owners needs.C.Pets serve as their owners spiritual guide.D.P

19、ets can help their owners with their sadness.答案D解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“symptomsofuncontrolledtearfulness.wereallloweredamongpetowners”和最后一段中的“theyrespondtochangesinbehaviourandbodylanguageinawaythatgivescomfort”可知,宠物能给予主人安慰,尤其能带给寡居老人快乐和慰藉,让他们不那么悲伤、绝望和无助。7.What is the best title for the text?A.Get along we

20、ll with your new petB.You are never too old to have a petC.Start your later life with a new hobbyD.Help older people live fully and happily答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,JuneMcNicholas博士的研究发现养宠物可以给寡居老人带来精神上的慰藉,让他们变得更积极,得到更多的锻炼,保持社交的延续性,并激励他们照顾好自己,由此可知,养宠物有很多益处。故B项做标题能恰当概括文章主旨。二、七选五NewlivesforoldphonesWhen a new

21、mobile phone starts to be sold in stores,many people rush out to buy one.We all want the newest,latest thing.1Mike Townsend works at Total Recall,a mobile phone recycling company.“Dont throw your old phone away.2 If you throw it away,it goes with other rubbish to become landfill (垃圾填埋地).In other wor

22、ds,it is put in a big hole in the groundand it becomes a big problem,” he says.Mobile phones contain some poisonous materials.If your phone goes to a landfill,these poisonous materials can get out and get into the water under the ground.Thats the water we need to drink or water that goes into rivers

23、 or the ocean.3 Those are a lot of landfills and a lot of poisonous materials.“At Total Recall,we separate the old phones into pieces.Most of the materials in a mobile phone can be recycled and used again.4 For example,phone batteries contain nickel and cadmium.The nickel is used to make steel,and t

24、he cadmium can be used to make new batteries,” explains Mike.“5 You can usually just take it into a mobile phone shop and theyll send it to us,” says Mike.So,before you throw that old mobile phone away,use it one last time:search for a recycle station near you and give them a call.A.Send it to us an

25、d well recycle it.B.Recycling your old phone is easy.C.How much is our old mobile phone worth?D.But what should we do with our old mobile phones?E.Millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year.F.We sell the parts and they are used to make new products.G.Recycling materials helps keep the envi

26、ronment greener and cleaner.答案与解析【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种让你的旧手机重获新生的办法。1.D由上文中的“Weallwantthenewest,latestthing.”及下文中的“Dontthrowyouroldphoneaway.”可知,第一段引出一种现象,下文介绍了针对这一问题的解决办法,所以设空处应该是一个承上启下的句子“那么我们的旧手机该怎么办?”2.A根据上文中的“MikeTownsendworksat.Dontthrowyouroldphoneaway.”可知,MikeTownsend在一个手机回收公司工作,他号召人们不要扔掉旧手机,

27、而是把它送到他的公司来回收再利用。故A项符合此处语境。3.E联系上文中的“Mobilephonescontainsomepoisonousmaterials.”及下文中的“Thosearealotoflandfillsandalotofpoisonousmaterials.”可知,人们每年会扔掉几百万台旧手机,而手机中含有有毒物质,所以这就相当于庞大的有毒物质被释放到环境中。E项在这里起承上启下的衔接作用。4.F根据上文中的“Mostofthematerialsinamobilephonecanberecycledandusedagain.”及下文中的例子可知,旧手机可以被回收再利用后制造成新

28、的产品。5.BB项“回收你的旧手机其实很简单”是对下文的“Youcanusuallyjusttakeitintoamobilephoneshopandtheyllsendittous.”的概括。三、语法填空Often when people make plans to visit Britain as a 1. (tour),the only city they consider is London.Although,as the capital city of England,it is a lively and interesting place with many historical

29、and cultural 2. (attraction),people often forget the rest of the United Kingdom and all the 3.(excite) things it offers.So here 4. (be) some of my favourite cities of the United Kingdom that you may not have heard much about.GlasgowGlasgow,one of Scotlands biggest cities,5. (sad) has a reputation (名

30、声) for being ugly and dirty.The first time I visited it,I realised 6. wrong it was! The city has many universities,so it is full of young people,and it is also home to many museums and art galleries.There are also beautiful historical sites.BristolAs it is in the south of England,Bristol is very eas

31、y to travel to from London.It is a very beautiful city 7. has a great cathedral and scenic streets.The River Avon runs through the city,and the suspension bridge allows you 8. (walk) high over the water and watch it stretch ahead for miles.NewcastleNewcastle is famous 9. its shopping and busy nightl

32、ife,but it also boasts (拥有) a beautiful river,art galleries,theatres and restaurants.So if you ever find yourself in the UK,consider 10. (try) something different!答案与解析1.tourist考查名词。设空处做宾语,表示“游客”,且设空处前有不定冠词,故填名词tourist。2.attractions考查名词复数。设空处做宾语,表示“吸引人的事物”,由many可知,此处应用名词复数,故填attractions。3.exciting考查

33、形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语,修饰things,表示“令人激动的”,故填形容词exciting。4.are考查主谓一致。此处为倒装结构,句子主语是someofmyfavouritecitiesoftheUnitedKingdom,又因此处表示现在的情况,故填are。5.sadly考查副词。设空处做状语修饰整个句子,表示“很遗憾”,故填副词sadly。6.how考查连接词。设空处引导宾语从句,修饰形容词wrong,故填how。7.that/which考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰city且在从句中做主语,故填that或which。8.to walk考查不定式做补语的用法。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”。9.for考查介词。befamousfor意为“以而闻名”。10.trying考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。considerdoingsth.意为“考虑做某事”。