2022年高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练（九）主旨大意题——段落大意类（含解析）.docx

1、考点分类练(九)主旨大意题段落大意类A(2021山东淄博高三三模)For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present cha

2、llenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat bei

3、ng kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earths average temperature has risen by 0.74 degree

4、s from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the worlds poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead

5、to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agre

6、ement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take

7、small steps to heal the world. We dont have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.The information of industrial revolution.B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C.The reasons of climate change.D.The result of extreme weather eve

8、nts.2.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.We have made great achievements.B.Some measures are still required to take.C.Mars is suitable for peoples living.D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)B(2021陕西高三下学期模拟)Eati

9、ng chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the hearts

10、blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers

11、 who ate it less than once a week.Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”Known medically as HDL(high-density lipop

12、rotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown choc

13、olate is beneficial for blood pressure.”Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was

14、 more beneficialor if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”While its not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned peo

15、ple against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but its likely that large quantities do not.”4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout? A.The result of the study.B.The process of the study.C.The participants of the study.D.The intention of the study.5.Which

16、 of the following can probably prevent blood flow? A.A heart attack.B.A stroke.C.High-density lipoprotein.D.Low-density lipoprotein.6.What does the recent study tell us? A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart.D.Cho

17、colate contains special plant chemicals.7.Whats Dr Krittanawongs attitude towards chocolates preventing coronary artery disease? A.Indifferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.C(2021辽宁高三3月联考)Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I vol

18、unteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteersapproximately eightyto take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets

19、and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily. The list is endless.To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷

20、洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.Yet so many people will

21、ingly give their timebecause the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.Throughout my past life as an

22、accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hitas was my headcausing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I need

23、ed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2? A.Horses for riding lessons a

24、re cared for carefully.B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA? A.Risky and thrilling.B.Tiring but worthwhile.C

25、.Funny and enjoyable.D.Demanding but fruitless.10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph? A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.C.Shes never recovered from the injury.D.She wasnt interested in voluntary work before.11.What co

26、uld be the best title for the passage? A.Helping Children in NeedB.Surviving the Brain InjuryC.Volunteering: A Journey BackD.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因, 对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。1.C解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanth

27、ropogenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。2.B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。3.D解析:推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三

28、段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总分分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词intenseadj.十分强烈的downpourn.倾盆大雨displacementn.(多指战争或自然灾害造成的)人们的离家addressv.设法解决; 处理重点语块thelow-lyingcountries 地势低的国家精彩句式I

29、fonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!要是我们可以收拾行李移民火星该多好啊!【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 有利于身体健康。4.A解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheartsbloodvesselshealthy.” 和 “Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightpercent.T

30、hiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。5.D解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,

31、causingaheartattackorstroke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。6.C解析:细节理解题。根据第五段的 “.butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。7.B解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chocolateappearspromising

32、forthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.” 可知,Krittanawong博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。【帮你拓知识】必背单词intaken.摄取量medicallyadv.医学上地collectv.聚集; 汇集重点语块blockup 塞住; 封住moderateamountsof. 适量的【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。8.C解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Toprepareahorseforaride,someone

33、hastobringitinfromtheoutside,.twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述为了骑马课程, 志愿者需要做很多工作。故选C项。9.B解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Itt

34、akesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers.totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily.Thelistisendless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很辛苦、很累; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,ena

35、blingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。10.B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “.andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。11.C解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。【帮你拓知识】重点语块anarmyofvolunteers 一大批志愿者mentaldisabilities 心理障碍turn.around 扭转; 好转