2022版新教材英语人教版选择性必修第三册基础训练：UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SECTION Ⅰ READING AND THINKING WORD版含解析.docx

1、课时评价作业基础达标练. 单句语法填空1.Millions of people will face starvation (starve) next year as a result of the drought.2.The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released (release) tomorrow.3.The house should be habitable (habitat) by the new year.4.The aim of sustainable (sustain) development is to bal

2、ance our economic, environmental and social needs.5.His behavior was completely beyond comprehension (comprehensive).6.If a person frequently (frequent) let you down, you cannot rely on him any longer.7.The concert will be broadcast (broadcast) live on television and radio.8.The swimming pool is ope

3、n to families in the neighborhood without restriction (restrict). 同义替换starve for; have an impact on; release; comprehensive; restrict; refer to; sustain; fuel1.Whatever you do will have an influence on society. have an impact on 2.Children are all longing for love and friendship. starving for 3.By t

4、he end of May nearly 100 of an estimated 2,000 political prisoners had been freed . released 4.If you want to know the usage of the word, you may look it up in a dictionary. refer to 5.Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle. sustain 6.Research suggests warm

5、colors stimulate our appetites. fuel 7.His complete surveys have provided the statements of how data are collected. comprehensive 8.Speed is limited to 30 mph in towns. restricted . 完成句子1.毫无疑问，汽车尾气排放已经成为一个大问题，尤其是在城市。(There is no doubt that.) There is no doubt that car emissions have become a big pro

6、blem, especially in cities.2.非常感谢你。如果没有你的帮助，我就不可能成功。（含蓄虚拟语气）Thank you very much. I wouldnt have succeeded without your help . 3.这场雪持续了一个星期，导致整个地区交通严重混乱。（非谓语动词作状语）The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area.4.作为中国公民，保护环境是我们的责任。(it+be+n.+to do sth.)As Chinese citiz

7、ens, it is our responsibility to protect the environment .5.有明显证据表明，吸烟会导致心脏病。(evidence) There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease.素养综合练. 阅读理解（2019浙江）California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a m

8、ajor factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles

9、. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big tree

10、s. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and

11、 his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model tha

12、t calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been ri

13、sing temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?( )A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big

14、 trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?( )A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures

15、.3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?( )A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?( )A.Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited

16、 in California SoonC.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California答案：1.A 解析：1.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了加利福尼亚大树死亡的原因。【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段用比较翔实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项符合题意。答案：2.D 解析：2.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control

17、has leftbig trees for resources.” (激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树, 而这些小树会与大树争夺资源)可知, 控制野火的用意是好的, 但是似乎对大树并不好。答案：3.C 解析：3.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据文章最后一段可知, McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来, 缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项符合题意。答案：4.A 解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目, 包括了文章的核心

18、信息。深度解析词汇积累1. contribute to捐献；是的原因之一 2. target v.把作为攻击目标 3. aggressive adj.好斗的；声势浩大的 4. widespread adj.普遍的；广泛的 5. take sth. into account把考虑在内 6. drive up抬高；使上升 7. available adj.可找到的；可获得的难句分析原句：Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising t

19、emperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. McIntyre说，自20世纪30年代以来，导致该州缺水的最大因素是气温上升和融雪期提前，前者使树木向空气中流失更多水分，后者则使旱季树木的供水减少。分析：本句为主从复合句。driving up water stress in the state为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰factor

20、s；第一个which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词temperatures；第二个which也引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为snowmelt。. 完形填空（2020全国新高考） Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.When he was 16, Molai began to notice so

21、mething 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant

22、trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built a

23、t the 13 of each sapling （幼树） a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip （滴落） on the plants below.Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to m

24、any plants and animals.1.( )A.dreamB.jobC.homeD.choice2.( )A.natureB.youthC.cultureD.knowledge3.( )A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward4.( )A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.damage5.( )A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise6.( )A.agreedB.realizedC.rememberedD.predicted7.( )A.noiseB.heatC.diseaseD.du

25、st8.( )A.directionsB.partnersC.helpD.shelter9.( )A.laborB.policeC.forestD.finance10.( )A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.leftD.managed11.( )A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.WateringD.Guarding12.( )A.toughB.illegalC.fantasticD.beneficial13.( )A.backB.topC.footD.side14.( )A.cool downB.keep offC.purifyD.collect15.( )A.re

26、turnedB.learnedC.failedD.continued答案：1.C 解析：1.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜，莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林，使这里重新成为动植物的家园。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大，这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近，那里成为他的第二个家园。答案：2.A 解析：2.根据句意可知，他很小就认识到了大自然的价值和美丽。答案：3.C 解析：3.根据下文可知，洪水造成的破坏使得鸟和蛇的数量减少，这些现象是“令人不安的”。disturbing令人不安的。答案：4.D 解析：4.根据句意可知，那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了该地区，造成的破坏使许多鸟类

27、被迫离开。答案：5.A 解析：5.根据上文可知，鸟飞走是洪水带来的破坏所造成的负面影响，除此之外，蛇的数量也下降了。此处表示语意上的递进，故选A。答案：6.B 解析：6.由下文提到的“是因为没有足够的树来保护”可知，这是他“意识到”的原因。答案：7.B 解析：7.句意：他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受高温的侵害。答案：8.D 解析：8.根据上文可知，问题是没有足够的树，那么由此推断，解决这一问题的方式就是种树，这样动物们在白天就可以找到“庇护处”。答案：9.C 解析：9.上文说莫莱想种树，因此他寻求帮助的部门应该是与此相关的部门。答案：10.B 解析：10.根据语境可知，莫莱没有放弃

28、，他开始自己去寻找，发现了附近的一个岛屿，并在那里开始种树。答案：11.C 解析：11.本段说的是莫莱给树浇水的方法，因此water符合语境。water给浇水。答案：12.A 解析：12.根据常识可知，在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对男孩一个人来说是艰难的。tough艰难的。答案：13.B 解析：13.根据本段的最后一句可知，植物在下面，因此莫莱建的竹子做成的平台应该在小树的“上面”。答案：14.D 解析：14.莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。答案：15.D 解析：15.莫莱在接下来的37年里继续植树，他的努力已经使得1，360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多动

29、植物的家园。深度解析词汇积累1. decline v.减少；衰退 2. seek v.寻找 3. earthen adj.土制的；陶制的 4. result in导致. 语法填空（2020山东临沂罗庄区高二期末）Temperatures around the world are rising. Many places 1 (experience) extreme weather events such as extreme heat since the start of the new century.Scientists have shown all that is going to get

30、 even 2 (bad). They looked at cities in the northern half of the planet. They 3 (especial) paid attention to those in the US.According 4 simple geography, the cities near Canada have cool to mild weather. Those near Mexico 5 (be) hotter and more humid （潮湿的）. However, things are going to look and fee

31、l a lot different in 2080.Thescientistscreatedaweathermodel 6 (study) the weather changes in2080. They considered two important points. One was the warming of the planet by 1.5C to 3C and 7 other was theincreasing greenhouse gas levels. Unluckily, what the scientists found was 8 (surprise)! The citi

32、es in the north turned into ones in the south-about 500 9 (mile) south. For example, Washington DC felt like Greenwood, Mississippi, and Missippi felt like Mexico.Thats bad news for people in the US, 10 its also bad for people everywhere because were all in the same boat.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1

33、0. 答案：1.have experienced 解析：1.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。科学家们已经证明, 气候只会变得更糟。他们研究了地球北部的城市，主要关注了美国的气候变化。考查时态。根据下文 since the start of the new century 可知，此处用现在完成时。答案：2.worse 解析：2.考查形容词比较级。根据上文的even可知，此处用比较级。答案：3.especially 解析：3.考查副词。此处需要用副词修饰动词paid。答案：4.to 解析：4.考查固定搭配。according to根据。答案：5.are 解析：5.考查时态和主谓一致。此处是一般现在时, 主语Those是复数。答案：6.to study 解析：6.考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表示目的。答案：7.the 解析：7.考查冠词。根据“They considered two important points.”可知，此处为“onethe other”结构。答案：8.surprising 解析：8.考查形容词。设空处作表语, 表示“令人惊讶的”，用-ing形式。答案：9.miles 解析：9.考查名词复数。mile是可数名词，前面有500，此处用复数形式。答案：10.and 解析：10.考查连词。本句是并列复合句，前后两个分句是顺承关系。