2023年高考化学考前信息必刷卷（上海专用）（解析版）.docx

1、绝密启用前2023年高考英语考前信息必刷卷01上海专用上海高考英语试卷坚持以德为先，通过有关语篇与测试任务，增强考生关爱互助的意识，培养高尚的道德情操，赓续伟大的红色基因。 2022年7 月上海高考英语写作试题设置了创设校园生活中“走进历史”活动的情景，要求考生在三种活动形式中选择其一展开论述，引导考生重温辉煌历史，汲取精神养料，坚定文化自信，激发爱国情怀。本套试卷的写作试题让考生通过分析漫画的形式从文化自信和文化多样性的角度入手，阐述对于文化的认知，这有助于年轻人产生积极改变生活的想法。（考试时间：150分钟 试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.

2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a c

3、onversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1AHe knows very little about John.BJohn doesnt deserve the promotion.CJohn should earn more money.DHe doesnt care for the news.【答案】D【原文】W: Have

4、you heard the news that John has been promoted and his salary has been doubled?M: So what? Couldnt care less!Q: What does the man mean?2AShe didnt work hard on it.BShe made many persuasive claims in it.CIt wasnt as good as expected.DHer professor was satisfied with it.【答案】C【原文】M: What sort of a grad

5、e did you get on your research paper? I know how hard you worked on itW: But the professor said that I made too many broad claims that werent supported enough.Q: What does the woman mean about her research paper?3 AViolence sports are the source of social instabilityBViolence sports are to blame for

6、 crime and school bullyingCViolence sports serve as an escape for negative emotionsDViolence sports wont attract many peoples interest in the long run.【答案】C【原文】W: Violence sports like boxing should be banned. If so, there would be less violent crime and less school bullying.M: Thats a nice argument,

7、 but these traditional sports win many peoples heart and provide a way to release negative emotions.Q: What does the man actually mean?4AThe two sides of a coin.BA serious economics professor.CThe effects of a financial crisis.DThe definition of a financial crisis.【答案】C【原文】W: My economics professor

8、says that every coin has two sides, including a financial crisis.M: You mean a financial crisis may create some serious problems and bring us some benefits as well?Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?5AShe is known to have a terrific figure.BShe must have paid a lot for the gym.CHer gy

9、m exercise has achieved good results.DHer effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.【答案】C【原文】W: I have been working out at the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?6AHe will propose the gro

10、up buying.BHe will propose the graduation ceremony.CHe wont organize the group buying.DHe wont attend the graduation ceremony.【答案】D【原文】W: Would you like to come round for my graduation ceremony? Its on third, next month.M: But for the community group buying I proposed on that very day, I would come.

11、Q: What does the man mean?7AThe woman should be optimistic.BThe woman should have trust in herself.CThe woman should make better preparations.DThe woman should let the team believe in her.【答案】B【原文】W: I can hardly breathe, tomorrow will be the first time for me to show my design.M: Im sure your ideas

12、 are great. Stop doubting yourself. The more you believe in yourself, the more others will believe in you.Q: What does the man indicate?8AThe job of selling houses.BThe price of the new house.CThe house owners parents.DThe experience of the house owner.【答案】B【原文】W: This new house must be very expensi

13、ve.M: Not really. The guy whos selling the house has lost his job and he has to move to his parents.Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about?9AHe is physically unhealthy.BHe doesnt like places with loud sound.CHe is unable to fall asleep.DHe has some psychological problems.【答案】D【原文】M: How about

14、 Mike? Have you seen him after the big earthquake?W: Yes, he is physically sound, but he wont talk to anybody and he is very afraid of the darkness.10 AThe man should work on his papers.BThe man should go to the birthday party.CThe man should wait around the corner.DThe man should tell no joke at th

15、is moment.【答案】A【原文】M: I think Ill go to a friends birthday party tonight instead of working on my papers.W: Are you kidding? The deadline is around the corner.Q: What does the woman imply?Section B （15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you wil

16、l be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 th

17、rough 13 are based on the following passage.11AHe liked music and travelling when he was little.BHe became famous and rich very soon.CHe played music a lot even at his early childhood.DHe learned music from other classical musicians.12AHe was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg.BHe composed a lo

18、t and earned a lot of money.CHe predicted his own death by composing Requiem.DHe reached the peak of his career.13AA brief biography of Mozart.BHow did Mozart compose music.CMozart and classical music.DThe influence of western music on Mozart.【答案】11C12D13A【原文】 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a prolific

19、 and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhoo

20、d in Salzburg. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty; at 17 he was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg, but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position, always composing abundantly. While visiting Vienna in

21、 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished

22、 at the time of Mozarts death. The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologised. He was survived by his wife Constanze and two sons. Mozart learned voraciously from others, and developed a brilliance and maturity of style that encompassed the light and graceful along with the dark an

23、d passionate. His influence on subsequent Western art music is profound. Beethoven wrote his own early compositions in the shadow of Mozart, of whom Joseph Haydn wrote that “posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years.” Questions:11. What can we learn about the childhood of Mozart from t

24、he passage?12. What can we learn about the final years of Mozart from the passage?13. Whats the main idea of the passage?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14ABegging.BFixing tricycles.CDoing some metal work.DTraining others.15AHe cant collect enough money.BHis former monitor

25、 did not support him.CHe felt ashamed after being recognised.DHe has found other way to make money.16ATo encourage physically challenged people to abandon begging.BTo train and help people have their own metal workshops.CTo help people overcome their disabilities.DTo raise peoples awareness of respe

26、cting the disabled.【答案】14D15C16C【原文】These men are waiting for food from a local charity. It may be their only meal today. Disabled, most rely on street begging to sustain them. Unlike the others queuing here, 18-year-old Aliyu Yakubu is learning to fix tricycles and do other metal work to earn a liv

27、ing.Yakubu remembers the moment he decided to quit begging. “My former class monitor saw me begging on the street and didnt recognise me. He gave me some money. When I stretched my hand out to collect it, then he saw my face. I felt ashamed, and, since then, I decided not to beg again.”Instructor Is

28、iakaMaaji, himself physically disabled, helps people like Yakubu get off the streets and learn a trade. He got his own skills from a state-run vocational rehabilitation training programme and has been training others since 2002. Five years ago, he began encouraging physically challenged people to ab

29、andon begging.“We encourage people like us to learn skills they can do to become self-reliant to support themselves and their families, because being in the streets as beggars is a disgrace to all of us.” So far hes helped and trained 30 peoplesome of whom now have their own metal workshop. They mak

30、e tricycles and motorbikes designed for the handicappedbut also doors and windows to sell.But a member of the Handicapped Association, shop owner Ridwan Abdillahi, says the general public is not buying despite the good quality of the products. “I believe society is seeing goods or products made by p

31、eople with disability as disabled too.” These menused to overcoming challengessay this is one more hurdle the disabled face. They say they will tackle it by raising awareness, with the help of the government and the community.Questions:1.What hasnt Aliyu tried to make a living?2.Why did Aliyu quit b

32、egging? 3.Which of the following is not the purpose of the training programme?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17AA travel plan.BAn ancient water town.CAn activity at weekend.DA plan to lose weight.18AIts too long and slow-paced.BHe like the Crouching Tiger and Hidden

33、Dragon better.CHe prefers to watch dramas of Shakespeare.DDelicious food attracts him more.19ATo arouse the interest of the audience.BTo compare and prove that Tang Xianzu was a great writer.CTo show the importance of atmosphere in an opera.DTo prove that The Peony Pavilionwas world-famous.20AThe ma

34、n is a big fan of Kun opera and Shakespeare.BThe woman is excited about visiting Zhu Jiajiao.CThe woman will enjoy nice atmosphere as well as delicious food this weekend.DA New version of The Peony Pavilion will come to the stage in Zhu Jiajiao.【答案】17C18A19B20A【原文】W: Hi, Paul. Im so excited.M: Reall

35、y? Whats brought this on, then? W: This weekend something really great is happening! Im going to watch The Peony Pavilion in Zhu Jiajiao on Saturday evening!M: The Peony Pavilion? You mean the most famous work of Kun opera? I cant appreciate the ancient musical. Its too slow for me. W: I didnt know

36、a thing about it before either. But this new version is adapted by Tan Dun and it lasted only 70 minutes.M: Oh, then I wont fall asleep. He is good at combing the traditional music with modern elements. I am a big fan of his music. I like Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon the most. W: Me too! Thats

37、why Im looking forward to this performance. The most distinctive feature of this youth version is that its set in a real small Chinese garden.M: Why? Isnt a professional musical hall the best place to appreciate classical music? W: You know Kun opera was performed in open gardens 400 years ago. The

38、breeze, the sound of creeks, the fresh air as well as the willow branches, all bring the musical to life. People will soak up the special atmosphere.M: This reminds me of dramas of Shakespeare in the Globe Theatre, where audiences can join and participate in the performance. And both of them have wr

39、itten great love stories. W: Exactly. I didnt realise Tang Xianzu and Shakespeare have so much in common. M: So thats why you will visit Zhu Jiajiao this weekend?W: Yes! Cant think of a better place than a water town for Kun opera. And I will also enjoy the beautiful view as well as the delicious fo

40、od there.M: Ah ha, pay attention to the number on your scale. W: Even if I put on some weight, its worth it.M: Now I kinda envy you. I wish you a great trip this weekend.W: Thank you!Questions:17. What are the two people talking about? 18. Why isnt the man interested in the opera?19. Why is Shakespe

41、are mentioned in the dialogue?20. Which of the following is NOT true according to the dialogue?II. Grammar and vocabulary (共 20 题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a giv

42、en word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wikipedia has come a long way since it started in 2001. With around 70, 000 volunteers editing in over 100 languages, it is by far the worlds _21_(popular)reference site.

43、However, its future is uncertain. One of the biggest threats it faces is the rise of smartphones _22_the dominant personal computing device. Wikipedia has always depended on contributors (撰稿人) who hunch over keyboards_23_(search) for references, discussing changes and writing articles with a special

44、 code. Its simply too hard to use complex code on a tiny screen. The pool of potential Wikipedia editors_24_dry up as the number of mobile users keeps growing. The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, _25_oversees(监督) Wikipedias operations, _26_(look) for solutions for a while. For instance, the developm

45、ent of touch-screen tools allows editors to sift through (筛选)information and share content from their phones. The tension runs through the community. Last year, the foundation took unprecedented steps of forcing the installation of new software on the German-language Wikipedia. The German editors_27

46、_(show) their independence by resisting an earlier update to the sites user interface(界面). _28_the wishes of these experienced editors, the foundation installed a new method for viewing multimedia content and then set up a “superprotect” feature _29_(prevent) stubborn administrators from changing it

47、 back. Could the pressure from mobile users, and the internal tension, tear Wikipedia apart? A world without it seems unimaginable, but consider the fate of other online communities. Blogging, celebrated a decade ago as pioneering an exciting new form of personal writing, has decreased significantly

48、 in the social-media age. These are challenges, but they can still_30_(solve). There is no other significant alternative to Wikipedia, and good will toward the project could hardly be higher. In an age of internet giants, the selflessness of websites is worth saving.【答案】21most popular22as23searching

49、24could25which26is looking27had shown28Against29to prevent30be solved【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了维基百科（Wikipedia）当前面临的危机和挑战，希望维基百科能够得到拯救。21考查形容词。句意：它是迄今为止全世界最受欢迎的参考网站，有大约七万名志愿者用100多种语言对其进行编辑。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰reference site，根据句意和定冠词the，此处应使用形容词的最高级，popular为多音节词，其最高级为most popular。故填most popular22考查介词。句意：维基百科

50、面临的最大威胁之一是作为主导地位的个人计算设备的智能手机的崛起。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词，与空后的名词构成介宾短语作定语修饰smartphones，结合句意可知，此处表示“成为，作为”为as符合句意。故填as。23考查非谓语动词。句意：维基百科一直依赖于贡献者，他们弯腰在键盘上搜索参考文献，讨论更改并使用特殊代码撰写文章。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词，且该空与其后面的discussing和writing为并列结构，与逻辑主语contributors是主动关系。故填searching。24考查情态动词。句意：随着移动用户人数持续增加，潜在的维基百科编辑群可能会消失。分析句子结构可知

51、，此处应与dry up构成句子的谓语，根据空后为动词原形可推断，此处应为情态动词，结合句意，此处表示逻辑上的可能性，且可能性较小。故填could。25考查定语从句。句意：非营利性的维基媒体基金会(Wikimedia Foundation)负责维基百科的运行，该基金会正在研究解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指物。故填which。26考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：非营利性的维基媒体基金会(Wikimedia Foundation)负责维基百科的运行，该基金会正在研究解决

52、办法。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词oversees可知，此处应用现在时态，结合句意，此处表示动作正在进行，所以使用现在进行时态，句子主语the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation为第三人称单数，与look for为主动关系。故填is looking。27考查谓语动词。句意：德国编辑通过抵制早期对网站用户界面的更新表明他们的独立性。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据上文中的“the foundation took unprecedented steps”可知，此处为过去时态，结合句意可知，show发生在took之前，所以应使用过去完成时

53、态，且与主语为主动关系。故填had shown。28考查介词。句意：基金会不顾资深编辑的意愿，安装了一种查看多媒体内容的新方式，后来又设置了一种“超级保护”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理员改回从前版本。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与空后的名词短语构成介词短语作状语，结合句意可知，此处为against意为“与相反，违反”符合句意，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Against。29考查非谓语动词。句意：基金会不顾资深编辑的意愿，安装了一种查看多媒体内容的新方式，后来又设置了一种“超级保护”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理员改回从前版本。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表目的，

54、所以使用不定式形式，且prevent与逻辑主语the foundation间为主动关系。故填to prevent。30考查被动语态。句意：尽管有些挑战，这些仍可以解决。分析句子结构可知，情态动词后为动词原形，且该动词与主语they间为被动关系。故填be solved。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Apr

55、esent Bfeatures Cconcerned Dreportedly E. commercialF. stretchesG. overwhelmingH. exceptionally I. routinely J. sparedK. broadcastsModern media is awash in advertising clutter(杂乱), and whos to blame? Modern audiences that hate conventional full-length and full-size ads. Todays consumers dont like to

56、 pay for content, which ought to create a rich environment for advertisers. Yet these same consumers are prone to click or turn away when a conventional ad appears. The result is ad clutter. YouTube _31_a combination of full-length ads, skippable ads, lower-screen banners and display ads on the page

57、 alongside each video. Newspapers that once considered the front page important now _32_run ads there. Advertisers integrate plugs(推销) into content to frustrate digital video recorders, which allow viewers to watch programs on a delay and skip regular commercials. If you watch regional telecasts of

58、baseball games, the commercial clutter is so _33_. Ads are visible on the stadium wall behind the home-plate umpire(裁判). On-screen graphics include sponsor logos. And everything is a paid plug-“This call to the coachs zone is brought to you by Verizon.” According to the showbiz paper Variety, severa

59、l streaming services are about to introduce a new twist: commercials that start running whenever a viewer pauses a program. Hulu intends to launch such ads this year. AT&Ts DirecTV and U-verse units will _34_use similar technology to trigger full-motion commercials whenever a viewer tries to take a

60、break. Theres a lot at stake. According to Variety, National Football League(NFL) TV broadcasts generate an estimated $4.35 billion in ad revenue during the 17-week regular season. NFL _35_are now loaded with mini commercials that pop up when there is a brief pause in the action, often in “double bo

61、xes” that show a view of the field in one frame and a(n)_36_in the other. Interestingly, with no “screen” to work with, radio is one medium that has tried for some time to buck the trend. Many commercial stations trade clutter for clusters-that is, a solid block of commercials running five minutes o

62、r more, followed by lengthy commercial-free _37_of time. But wherever a screen is involved, or a printed page, ad clutter is _38_everywhere. Programmers and advertisers cant really be expected to limit this; its a fact of business. Consumers, on the other hand, can opt for commercial-free content-if

63、 theyre willing to pay for it.But getting limitless content without paying while also being _39_heavy advertising intrusions is impossible. As media environment is permanently cluttered, audiences should be _40_with what they wish for.【答案】31B32I33G34D35K36E37F38A39J40C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各种社交网络平台和媒体上

64、广告发布的乱象丛生，观众应该关心他们想要的东西。31考查动词。句意：YouTube的特点是在每个视频旁边的页面上，结合了全长广告、可跳过广告、屏幕下方的横幅广告和显示广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，feature意为“以为特色”，符合文意。故选B。32考查副词。句意：曾经认为头版很重要的报纸现在经常在头版刊登广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入副词作状语修饰动词run，routinely 意为“例行地，通常地”，符合文意。故选I。33考查形容词。句意：如果你观看棒球比赛的地区电视转播，广告杂乱的现象是巨大的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，overw

65、helming意为“压倒性的， 巨大的”，符合文意。故选G。34考查副词。句意：据报道，AT&T的DirecTV和U-verse电视台将使用类似的技术，每当观众试图休息时，就会触发全动广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入副词作状语修饰动词use，reportedly意为“据报道”，符合文意。故选D。35考查名词。句意：NFL的广播中现在充斥着迷你广告，当比赛有短暂的停顿时，这些广告就会弹出，通常是在“双框”中，一帧显示场地的视图，另一帧显示商业广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入名词的复数形式，broadcasts意为“广播节目，电视节目”，符合文意。故选K。36考查名词。句意：NFL的广播中

66、现在充斥着迷你广告，当比赛有短暂的停顿时，这些广告就会弹出，通常是在“双框”中，一框显示场地的视图，另一框显示商业广告。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入名词的单数形式。commercial意为“（电台或电视播放的）广告”，符合文意。故选E。37考查名词。句意：许多商业电视台都把杂乱的广告换成了集群广告，即连续播放5分钟或更长时间的广告，然后是长时间的无广告时段。分析句子结构可知，此处形容词commercial-free（无广告）修饰名词的复数形式，该名词作by的宾语，stretches意为“（连续的）一段时间”，符合文意。故选F。38考查形容词。句意：但只要涉及到屏幕或印刷页面，广告就无处不在。

67、分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，present意为“在场的，存在的”，符合文意。故选A。39考查动词。句意：但在不付费的情况下获得无限的内容，同时又避免大量广告入侵是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入过去分词，spared意为“免去”，符合文意。故选J。40考查形容词。句意：由于媒体环境永远是混乱的，观众应该关心他们想要的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填入形容词作表语，be concernedwith意为“关心，挂念”，符合文意。故选C。III Reading Comprehension(满分 45 分)Section A (共 15 题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)D

68、irections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. So might it make sense to print medication_41_ in r

69、ed ink? And since the color blue is known to call to mind the freedom of open skies, might it help artists to_42_ in a studio painted in that color? According to new research into how the brain reacts to _43_ , the answer to both of these questions is yes. The study revealed that the color red seems

70、 to improve a subjects attention to _44_ , while blue appears to stimulate creativityall without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced.“People are not _45_ this effect at all,” marveled the studys lead researcher Juliet Zhu, who studies the effects of environmental cues on

71、behavior. To study the brains response to specific colors, Zhus team administered a series of_46_ tests to college students. For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue. The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects

72、 performed better on detail-oriented tasks. In one test,_47_ , students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words than students who studied the list on a _48_ screen.In other tests, creative abilities

73、 seemed to be _49_ by looking at the color blue. For instance, the students were asked to brainstorm potential uses for bricks. Students sitting in front of blue screens tended to come up with ideas that were_50_ , such as “make a paperweight” and “build a pet scratching post.” Students sitting in f

74、ront of a red screen, on the other hand, were more likely to list _51_ uses for bricks, such as “build a house.”Researchers concluded from the tests that seeing red causes people to take the extra time to think _52_ when performing detail-oriented tasks, such as _53_ , proofreading and, of course, r

75、eading those all-important warning labels. _54_ most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger, Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation. Seeing blue, on the other hand, produces images

76、 of the sky, freedom and peace. Perhaps these images, researchers supposed, _55_ feelings. “Its really this learned association with these colors that drives these different motivations,” Zhu said.41AinstructionsBsymptomsCwarningsDtreatments42AcreateBrelaxCdecorateDdesign43AskiesBmedicationCcolorsDp

77、aint44AdangerBdetailCemotionsDvigor45Adistracted byBaware ofCcontent withDcurious about46AcognitiveBintelligenceCmentalDmemory47Aon one handBat the same timeCfor exampleDthat is48AgreyBblueCgreenDwhite49AprovenBacquiredCrecognizedDenhanced50Amore abstractBmore positiveCmore innovativeDmore valuable5

78、1ApracticalBacademicCeconomicalDprofitable52AcriticallyBlogicallyCcarefullyDindependently53ApaintingBmemorizingCdesigningDbrainstorming54AUnlessBWhenCSinceDThough55Aturn upBstir upCset offDgive off【答案】41C42A43C44B45B46A47C48B49D50C51A52C53B54C55B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红色和蓝色对人的大脑的影响。41考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，用红墨水打

79、印药物警告有意义吗？A. instructions说明书；B. symptoms症状；C. warnings警告；D. treatments治疗。根据前文“Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. ”可知，红色是和危险联系在一起，所以用红墨水表示警告。故选C项。42考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然蓝色会让人联想到空旷天空的自由，那么它是否有助于艺术家在画室中用这种颜色进行创作呢？A. create创造；B. relax放松；C. decorate装饰；D. design设计。根据后文“whil

80、e blue appears to stimulate creativity”可知，蓝色有助于艺术家在画室中用这种颜色进行创作。故选A项。43考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据一项关于大脑对颜色反应的新研究，这两个问题的答案都是肯定的。A. skies天空；B. medication药物；C. colors颜色；D. paint油漆。根据后文“The study revealed that the color red seems to improve a subjects attention”可知，这项研究，研究的是大脑对颜色反应。故选C项。44考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，红色似乎能提高受试者

81、对细节的注意力，而蓝色似乎能激发创造力所有这些受试者都没有意识到他或她的大脑受到了影响。A. danger危险；B. detail细节；C. emotions情感；D. vigor活力。根据后文“The researchers found that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks.”可知，红色似乎能提高受试者对细节的注意力。故选B项。45考查形容词短语辨析。句意：“人们根本没有意识到这种影响，”该研究的首席研究员朱莉叶(Juliet Zhu)惊叹道，她研究的是环境线索对行为的

82、影响。A. distracted by被分心；B. aware of意识到；C. content with满足于；D. curious about对好奇。根据后文“all without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced.”可知，这些受试者都没有意识到他或她的大脑受到了影响，所以是人们没有意识到这种影响。故选B项。46考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：为了研究大脑对特定颜色的反应，朱教授的团队对大学生进行了一系列认知测试。A. cognitive认知的；B. intelligence智力；C. ment

83、al精神的；D. memory记忆力。根据前文“To study the brains response to specific colors”可知，测试是为了研究大脑对特定颜色的反应，所以是认知测试。故选A项。47考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，在一次测试中，学生们被要求记住一组单词。A. on one hand一方面；B. at the same time同时；C. for example例如；D. that is换言之。根据后文“students were asked to memorize a list of words”可知，此处是在举例子。故选C项。48考查形容词词义辨析。句意：朱教

84、授发现，学习红色屏幕单词表的学生比学习蓝色屏幕单词表的学生能记住更多单词。A. grey灰色的；B. blue蓝色的；C. green绿色的；D. white白色的。根据前文“For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue.”可知，屏幕上的颜色是红色和蓝色，所以此处是红色屏幕单词和蓝色屏幕比较。故选B项。49考查动词词义辨析。句意：在其他测试中，看蓝色似乎能增强创造力。A. proven证明；B. acquired获

85、得；C. recognized承认；D. enhanced增强。根据前文“while blue appears to stimulate creativity”可知，蓝色能增强创造力。故选D项。50考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在蓝屏前的学生往往会想出更具创新性的想法，比如“做一个镇纸”和“做一个宠物抓挠柱”。A. more abstract更抽象的；B. more positive更积极的；C. more innovative更具创新性的；D. more valuable更有价值的。根据前文“In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be 9 b

86、y looking at the color blue.”可知，蓝色能增强创造力，所以是想出更具创新性的想法。故选C项。51考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，坐在红色屏幕前的学生更有可能列出砖块的实际用途，比如“盖房子”。A. practical实际的；B. academic学术的；C. economical经济的；D. profitable赢利的。根据后文“such as “build a house.”根据举例可知，是实际用途。故选A项。52考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员从测试中得出结论，看到红色会让人们在执行细节导向型任务时花费额外的时间仔细思考，比如记忆、校对，当然还有阅读那些非常

87、重要的警告标签。A. critically批判地；B. logically逻辑上；C. carefully仔细地；D. independently独立地。根据后文“Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation.”可知，看到红色可能有助于人们放慢速度，所以会仔细思考。故选C项。53考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员从测试中得出结论，看到红色会让人们在执行细节导向型任务时花费额外的时间仔细思考，比如记忆、

88、校对，当然还有阅读那些非常重要的警告标签。A. painting涂漆；B. memorizing记忆；C. designing设计；D. brainstorming集思广益。根据前文“students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words”可知，记忆是细节导向型任务。故选B项。54考查连词词义辨析。句意：朱说，由于大多数人在发育早期就知道红色意味着潜在

89、的危险，看到红色可能有助于人们放慢速度，以便在潜在的危险情况下表现出最佳状态。A. Unless除非；B. When当时；C. Since由于；D. Though虽然。根据后文“most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger”可知，此处是在解释看到红色会让人们放慢速度的原因，引导的是原因状语从句，应用since引导。故选C项。55考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员推测，也许是这些图像激起了人们的情绪。A. turn up露面；B. stir up引起；C.set off动身；D.gi

90、ve off释放。根据前文“Seeing blue, on the other hand, produces images of the sky, freedom and peace.”可知，人们看到蓝色会有自由和平的形象，推知是图像引起感觉。故选B项。Section B (共 11 题，每小题 2 分，满分 22 分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the

91、re are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.APeople with fixed mindsets believe that:Skill, intelligence and talents are natural.Failure is shameful and should be avoided.Some people are naturally good a

92、t things while others not.You are not in control of your abilities.People with growth mindsets believe that:You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.Failure is a valuable lesson.People who are good at something are good because they build that ability.You are in control of your abilities.

93、have a desire to look smart, so tend to:Avoid challenges.Give up easily.See effort as fruitless or worse.Ignore useful negative feedback.Feel threatened by the success of others.have a desire to learn, so tend to:Embrace challenges.Persist in the face of setbacks.See effort as the path to mastery.Le

94、arn from criticism.Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others.As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential.As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement.Change can be tough, but Ive never heard anyone say it wasnt worth it. Did

95、changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of ita richer one.56The book “mindset” is intended to _.Atell readers that two different mindsets lead to different resultsBillustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefsChe

96、lp readers believe people act differently when facing challengesDpersuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life57Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly _.AsuccessfulBstraightforwardCintelligentDnarrow-minded58A person with a growth mindset is likely to say

97、_.A“If I win, Ill be somebody; if I lose, Ill be nobody.”B“To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.”C“Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.”D“You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.”【答案】56

98、D57D58C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“mindset”这本书。56推理判断题。根据文中两个表格内容“People with fixed mindsets believe that(固定心态的人认为)”和“People with growth mindsets believe that(拥有成长型心态的人相信)”可知，本文通过两种不同心态的人进行对比，最后得出结论，根据表格最后“Change can be tough, but Ive never heard anyone say it wasnt worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset

99、 solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of ita richer one.(改变是艰难的，但我从未听任何人说不值得。转变成长型思维模式能解决我所有的问题吗？不。但我知道，我有一个不同的生活，因为它一个更丰富的生活)”可知，心态一书的目的是说服人们学会改变，才能享受更丰硕的人生。故选D项。57推理判断题。根据表格中间左边部分have a desire to look smart, so tend to下的“Feel threatened by the success of other

100、s.(对他人的成功感到威胁)”可推知固定心态的人一般是心胸狭窄的。故选D项。58推理判断题。根据表格上面右边部分People with growth mindsets believe that下的“You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.(你有能力学习和提高自己的技能)”以及中间部分have a desire to learn, so tend to下的“See effort as the path to mastery.(把努力看作是通往精通的道路)”结合选项可推知，C项“Learn techniques and skills

101、and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.(学习技术和技巧，并经常练习，你就会不断进步)”是一个拥有成长型思维模式的人可能会说的。故选C项。BThe Happiness MythHappiness is not natural. It is a mere human construct. A state of contentment (let alone happiness) is discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard agai

102、nst possible threats to our survival. Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive (难寻踪迹的) ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor (牧师). He invented “positive thinking”, a concept now deeply e

103、mbedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence. The global personal development industry was valued at $38. 28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5. 1%. Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in your

104、self and then youll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I dont think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unmanageable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on

105、 the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering (as the “utilitarian” philosophers explain), but the end result cannot be

106、a state of sustained bliss (极乐). We are not designed that way. The self-help genre is not a homogeneous (同种类的) beast, however. It is, in fact, ironic how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are put together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former

107、tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main obstacle to happiness. The inevitable clash between mandatory (强制的) optimism and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffe

108、ring, as it is based on the false idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much m

109、ore punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat. I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has

110、the best tunes.59What is authors main purpose in writing the first three paragraphs?ATo analyze how personal development industry works.BTo explain how unrealistic it is to pursue happiness in life.CTo contrast modern peoples view of life with our ancestors.DTo review how the concept of happiness ha

111、s changed over years.60It seems ironic to the author that putting self-help books on happiness and those on how to “make it big” together because .Athey came from different publishersBthey offer completely opposite valuesCtheir target readers belong to different age groupsDthey are the best-selling

112、and slowest-selling books on the market61According to the article, which of the following quotes would the author most strongly disagree with?AHappiness is a choice, and so is suffering.BHappiness is ideal. It is the work of the imagination.CHappiness is a by-product. You cannot pursue it by itself.

113、DThe search for happiness is one of the chief sources of unhappiness.62What does the underlined sentence “the devil always has the best tunes” mean?AThe core idea of the happiness industry is a beautiful lie.BThe happiness industry has negative effects on the society.CSuffering contributes more to a

114、 meaningful life than happiness.DThe one-sided interpretation of life proved more attractive to the public.【答案】59B60B61A62D【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了幸福不是自然的，它只是人类的一种构造，它是一种被基因设计所抑制的满足状态，因为它会降低人类对生存可能受到的威胁的警惕。但是接受现实生活，而不是幸福行业告诉我们现实生活，会让我们更幸福。59推理判断题。根据第一段中“Happiness is not natural. It is a mere human construc

115、t. A state of contentment (let alone happiness) is discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.”（幸福不是自然的。它仅仅是一个人类的构造。一种满足的状态(更不用说幸福了)会被我们的基因设计所阻碍，因为它会降低我们对可能威胁我们生存的危险的警惕。）可知，幸福仅仅是人类构造的一种满足的状态；第二段中“Chasing happiness is like chasing an el

116、usive (难寻踪迹的)ghost,”（追求幸福就像追逐一个难以捉摸的幽灵）说明幸福是很难寻找到的。第三段中“It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering (as the “utilitarian” philosophers explain), but the end result cannot be a state of sustained bliss (极乐). We are not designed tha

117、t way.”（毫无疑问，我们应该尽我们所能最大化我们的幸福感，最小化我们的痛苦(正如“功利主义”哲学家所解释的那样) ，但最终的结果不可能是一种持续的幸福状态。我们不是那样设计的。）可知，生活中不可能是一种持续的幸福状态。综上可知，三段表明人们追求幸福是多么的不现实。故选B。60推理判断题。根据第四段中“It is, in fact, ironic how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are put together in the same bookshop shelves, giv

118、en that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main obstacle to happiness.”（事实上，具有讽刺意味的是，那些关于幸福的自助书籍和那些关于如何在生活中功名成就的书籍放在同一个书店的书架上，因为前者告诉我们太关心后者是幸福的主要障碍。）可知，关于幸福的自助书籍认为关于如何在生活中功名成就的书籍是幸福的主要障碍，可得出它们的价值观是完全相反的，故选B。61推理判断题。根据第三段中“It goes without saying that we should do

119、all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering (as the “utilitarian” philosophers explain), but the end result cannot be a state of sustained bliss (极乐). We are not designed that way.”（毫无疑问，我们应该尽我们所能最大化我们的幸福感，最小化我们的痛苦(正如“功利主义”哲学家所解释的那样) ，但最终的结果不可能是一种持续的幸福状态。我们不是那样设计的。）和最后一段

120、“I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world.”（我相信，接受生活的本来面目，而不是像快乐产业告诉的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会感到更加平和，与世界和平相处。）可知，作者认为，生活中存在幸福和痛苦两种状态，不可能是一种持续幸福的状态，即我们要接受生活本身的

121、两种状态。选项A.“幸福是一种选择，痛苦也是。”与文章的意义相符，故选A。62词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suffering, as it is based on the false idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent

122、. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat. I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tel

123、ls us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. ”（积极心理学将痛苦归咎于那些正在遭受痛苦的人，因为它建立在一个错误的想法上，即不幸是完全可以避免的。因此，一个不快乐的人必定是不称职和无能的。积极心理学鼓励那些为特定目标而奋斗的人在不利的情况下坚持下去，从长远来看，这比接受失败在心理上更具惩罚性。我相信，接受生活本来的样子，而不是像幸福产业告诉我们的那样，会让我们更快乐，我们会感到更加平和，与世界和平相处。）可知，幸福产业的观点是

124、建立在一个错误的想法上，在作者看来，接受生活本来的样子，会让我们更快乐，然而幸福产业告诉我们的并不是那样。可推知，划线词所在句的含义是人们更相信幸福产业对幸福的解读，选项D.“事实证明，对生活的片面解读对公众更具吸引力。”符合题意，故选D。CVenus (金星) has long played second to its redder, smaller and more distant neighbor. Given how inhospitable (不宜居住的) Venus has appeared to be, we have spent the majority of the last

125、 century pinning some of our biggest hopes of finding signs of life on Mars.That all changed on September 15, 2020. It was announced that a strange gas called phosphine had been spotted in the clouds above Venus. The gas is produced by microbes, extremely small living things, here on Earth, so the d

126、iscovery has renewed hopes that there might be life on Venus. Now we need to know for sure.There is, after all, only so much we can do with ground-based instruments. Venus is extremely bright. This brightness, caused by the intense reflection of sunlight from its thick clouds and highlighted because

127、 of its closer distance to Earth, basically blinds our instruments from making more detailed observations of the planet. It is like trying to look at the road while another cars high beams (远光灯) are pointed in your direction.“To really get to the heart of this question, we need to go to Venus,” says

128、 Paul Byrne, a planetary scientist at North Carolina State University. But of course, that is easier said than done. Temperatures at the surface reach 464, and pressures are 89 times higher than on Earth. Only the Soviet Union has successfully landed on the Venusian surfaceits Venera 13 lander funct

129、ioned for 127 minutes before succumbing to the bad weather in 1982. It is not easy to justify spending hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars on a mission that could be over in a matter of hours without giving us what we need.An orbiter is the most sensible start. Unlike ground-based obser

130、vations, orbiters can peer into the atmosphere and would have a better time observing how phosphine levels change over time or over what regions they are most concentrated. An orbiter also presents the opportunity to complete more challenging projects by potentially venturing directly into the plane

131、ts atmosphere. A sample return mission could be possible, in which a spacecraft flies into the atmosphere and bottles up some gas to bring back to Earth for laboratory analysis.Trying to find life on another planet, however, is not simply a walk from point A to point BNo single mission to Venus will

132、 be able to finish all the work necessary to answer the question. It might be time to think not just about what the next mission to Venus should be, but what a whole new era of Venus exploration would look like: a group of multiple missions that explore Venus in joint effortsthe way we currently do

133、with Mars.63Venus is considered inhospitable to humans mainly because _.Athe pressure of the planet is too lowBthe surface of the planet is too brightCthe density (密度) of the clouds is too lowDthe surface temperature of the planet is too high64The underlined phrase “succumbing to” in paragraph 4 is

134、closest in meaning to “_”.Agiving in toBkeeping away fromCmaking up forDputting up with65According to the article, scientists will be better able to reveal the secret about Venus by _.Asending astronauts to the planetBusing a more advanced space telescopeClaunching an orbiter to the planetDredesigni

135、ng their ground-based instruments66What can we infer from the article?AWe have little hope of successfully finding life on Venus.BWe have a firm determination to discover life on other planets.CWe have spent much time studying phosphine in the past century.DWe have attempted to land on the Venusian

136、surface in the last century.【答案】63D64A65C66B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍2020年9月15日在金星上空的云层中发现的一种叫做磷化氢的气体，重新燃起了金星上可能存在生命的希望。虽然困难重重，但人们有坚定的决心去发现其他星球上的生命，期中轨道飞行器就是一个明智的途径。63推理判断题。根据第四段的“To really get to the heart of this question, we need to go to Venus,” says Paul Byrne, a planetary scientist at North Carolina St

137、ate University. But of course, that is easier said than done.Temperatures at the surface reach 464, and pressures are 89 times higher than on Earth. (“要真正了解这个问题的核心，我们需要去金星，”北卡罗来纳州立大学的行星科学家保罗伯恩说。当然，说起来容易做起来难。火星表面温度高达464，压力是地球的89倍)”可知，金星表面温度过高，使得人们难以接近。由此推知，金星不适宜居住主要是因为该星球表面温度过高。故选D。64词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Onl

138、y the Soviet Union has successfully landed on the Venusian surfaceits Venera 13 lander functioned for 127 minutes before succumbing to the bad weather in 1982(只有苏联成功地登陆过金星表面1982年，它的金星13号着陆器在向糟糕天气 succumbing to前，工作了127分钟)”尤其是“bad weather”猜测，划线词意为“屈服”，即金星13号在金星工作了127分钟以后，迫于糟糕天气不等不终止。故选A。65推理判断题。根据倒数第二

139、段“An orbiter is the most sensible start. Unlike ground-based observations, orbiters can peer into the atmosphere and would have a better time observing how phosphine levels change over time or over what regions they are most concentrated. An orbiter also presents the opportunity to complete more cha

140、llenging projects by potentially venturing directly into the planets atmosphere. A sample return mission could be possible, in which a spacecraft flies into the atmosphere and bottles up some gas to bring back to Earth for laboratory analysis.(轨道飞行器是最明智的开始。与地面观测不同，轨道飞行器可以凝视大气层，并可以更好地观察磷化氢水平如何随时间变化，或

141、磷化氢浓度最集中的区域。轨道飞行器还提供了一个机会，通过可能直接进入地球大气层来完成更具挑战性的项目。样本返回任务是可能的，其中航天器飞入大气层，并装上一些气体带回地球进行实验室分析)”可知，通过向金星发射轨道飞行器，科学家将能够更好地揭示金星的秘密。故选C。66推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Trying to find life on another planet, however, is not simply a walk from point A to point B. No single mission to Venus will be able to finish all the wo

142、rk necessary to answer the question. It might be time to think not just about what the next mission to Venus should be, but what a whole new era of Venus exploration would look like: a group of multiple missions that explore Venus in joint effortsthe way we currently do with Mars.(然而，试图在另一颗行星上寻找生命，并

143、不是简单地从a点走到b点就能完成的，没有一个金星任务能够完成回答这个问题的所有必要工作，也许是时候不只是考虑下一个金星任务应该是什么，而是考虑一个全新的金星探索时代会是什么样子：一组联合探索金星的多个任务，就像我们目前对火星所做的那样)”可知，虽然任务艰巨、困难重重，人们还是会继续探索金星以及其他星球，以寻找生命的迹象。由此推知，我们有坚定的决心去发现其他星球上的生命。故选B。Section C(共 4 题，每小题 2 分，满分 8 分)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.

144、Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, theres been a lot of talk in U.S. about the “data problem.” It ought to give the “datadriven” school reformers pause to reconsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we contin

145、ue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success._67_ Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell? We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “tr

146、uth” can only be captured in one of four answersa, b, c, or d. _68_ But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker? Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments, which must still rest on a numerical rank order based o

147、n a, b, c and d. The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams. No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All “reliability” tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place. But all sco

148、res on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Streets numbers, we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise, validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments. How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me

149、 that their children seemed to read well, but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence, test score, and not the direct evidence, listening to their children read. Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on “real evidence”. My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail”

150、 a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently. _69_We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon. _70_ It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantia

151、l degree of uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, to some extent, rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.AEven the technical meaning of “good tests” is open to question.BIts when I became a test doubter.CDifferent groups of people fit different test patterns.DOn all achievement test

152、s, were promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).EThis includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.FTime spent on standardized tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.【答案】67A68D69B70E【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是什么是“好的”考试，是测试还是专业判断。67空前说“Maybe we are jus

153、t creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.(也许我们只是在制造一个泡沫，如果我们继续把我们的行动建立在只有在标准化工具上的分数才是成功的证据的信念上，这个泡沫也会破裂。)”，因此到底什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，A选项“Even the technical meaning of “good tests” is open

154、 to question.(甚至“好的测试”的技术意义也是存有疑问的。)”说明了什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。68空前说“Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell? We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in

155、 one of four answersa, b, c, or d.(一位著名的评论家Margo说，至少测试比专业判断更“可靠”。她怎么知道的？我们想要的是这样一个国家，这个国家的公民不太愿意认为“真相”只能在四种答案之一中得到a、b、c或d。)”，空格处应说为什么测试比专业判断更“可靠”，D选项“On all achievement tests, were promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).(在所有的成绩测试中，我们事先得到的承诺都是符合正常曲线的总体。)”说明了测试比专业判断更“可靠”的原因，因此D

156、选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。69空前说“My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently.(我自己8岁的儿子也曾在三年级的阅读测试中“不及格”，尽管我“知道”他能流利地阅读。)”，空格处应说明作者对此的看法，作者应该会怀疑这样的考试，B选项“Its when I became a test doubter.(那是我开始怀疑考试的时候。)”说明了作者从那以后开始怀疑考试，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。70空前说“W

157、e need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.(我们需要学校来“训练”我们的判断力，帮助我们成为成年人，养成对复杂现象作出判断的习惯。)”，空后说“It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.(它还包括承认

158、，即使是专家也必须生活在很大程度的不确定性中。)”，空格处应说“它包括什么”，E选项“This includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.(这包括判断应该“信任”哪些专业知识，并为这些选择辩护。)”说明这包括了什么，和空后的“它还包括”相对应，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。IV Summary Writing(满分 10 分)71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main p

159、oint (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Zaha HadidBorn in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker prize, the fields highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built. She was a pioneer

160、 in Deconstructivism: Designing buildings that looked unstable, jagged, or frozen in mid-explosion. She gained a reputation for her gorgeous, fantastical designspainted by hand. But her ideas looked impossible to build, so they remained on paper.Then, in 1983, she won a big competition to design a c

161、lub in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got built: A fire stati

162、on in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great successquickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructivist architecture.Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by local politicians, and

163、the funding was pulled. Later, Hadid said it was resistance and prejudice that killed the project.But she kept winning competitions, building momentumand finally, buildings! By the early 2000s, she was an architecture superstar. She still drew by hand, but adopted new computer technology to model he

164、r designs. The software made even wilder shapes possibleincluding the curves that became her signature. A Hadid design was no longer crazy or impossibleit was simply a Hadid.Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress. And she ha

165、d proved she could build nearly anything she could imagine._【答案】As the first female Pritzker prize winner, Iraq- born Zaha Hadid struggled to prove the feasibility of her design. Being a Deconstructivism pioneer, she succeeded with a fire station in Germany ten years after the cancelled project in H

166、ong Kong. Despite the unfair failure in Wales, she finally had her seemingly impossible designs realized before she died at 66.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，Zaha Hadid在1950年出生于伊拉克，是第一位获得该领域最高荣誉普利兹克奖的女性，1983年，她赢得了在香港山区设计一家俱乐部的大型比赛，十年后，她赢得了在威尔士设计一座歌剧院的国际竞赛，到21世纪初，她已成为建筑界的超级明星，不幸的是，她在2016年死于心脏病发作。到那时，她已经建造了数百座建筑，

167、还有更多正在建造中。她证明了她几乎可以建造任何她能想象到的东西。【详解】1.要点摘录 Born in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the first woman to win the Pritzker prize, the fields highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built.She was a pioneer in Deconstructivism.Then, in 1983, she won a big compet

168、ition to design a club in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got

169、built: A fire station in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great successquickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructivist architecture.Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by loca

170、l politicians, and the funding was pulled.Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress.2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 As the first female Pritzker prize winner, Iraq- born Zaha Hadid struggled to prove the

171、 feasibility of her design. Being a Deconstructivism pioneer, she succeeded with a fire station in Germany ten years after the cancelled project in Hong Kong. Despite the unfair failure in Wales, she finally had her seemingly impossible designs realized before she died at 66.V Translation (共 4 题，共15

172、分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 说到压力，有时，那些不讨厌压力的人反过来会创造压力条件， 勇于面对任何挫，并笑到最后。 （feed) 【答案】Speaking of/Talking of/When it comes to stress, sometimes those who are not fed up with stress in turn will create conditions of stress for

173、themselves, facing up to any setback and laughing until the end.73. 专家把大学生感到难以适应校园生活的这个现象归因于缺乏包容和相互理解。（owe） 【答案】The experts owed the phenomenon that the freshman who was new here felt it difficult to adapt himself to the campus life to the lack of tolerance and understanding.74. 这些电子产品不仅能让青少年沉迷游戏，而且

174、它们还能给青少年提供一些会导致他们犯罪的不良信息（Not only） 【答案】Not only can these electronic devices make teenagers addicted to games, but also they provide them with some bad information contributing to crimes.75. 采访发现，83%的人认为教师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民文化素质的重要因素，值得尊敬。(worth) 【答案】The interview found that 83% of the people think th

175、at teachers shoulder the responsibility of training the next generation, which is an important factor to improve the cultural quality of the whole people and is worth respect.(83% percent of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they have a great responsibility cruc

176、ial to cultivating next generation and raising the intellectual level of people.)VI Guided Writing(满分25分)76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 中国一直主张和倡导坚持文化自信，尊重世界文化多样性，促进不同文化之间的交流。请阅读下面的漫画，按要求写一篇文章。 内容要求：1.描述漫画内容；2.分析漫画所揭

177、示的问题；3.提出你的看法：_【参考范文】As is shown above, in the middle of the picture and on the abacus sits a foreign friend praising the Chinese culture, with many Chinese cultural elements being in front of him, such as Peking opera,lantern, New Year painting, paper cutting, firecracker and the like. Funny and in

178、teresting as the cartoon is, the symbolic meaning behind it deserves our attention and discussion.It is not hard to notice that Chinese traditional culture is enjoying the wide popularity around the world these days, as the picture demonstrated. This is a positive trend. For one thing, when strange

179、or different elements come together, people will have fresh perspectives and divergent ways of thinking. They inevitably give birth to inventiveness, which will offer possible answers to current issues facing us. For another thing, time was when western people had the deep misunderstanding of our tr

180、adition and culture due to lack of communication, which will widen the gap between the east and the west. Now, the cultural exchange and integration will cultivate mutual respect and tighten potential friendly ties between two culture with totally different origins.Meanwhile, we should enhance our own traditional culture and promote diversified cultures among the public, especially among youngsters. The understanding of our own culture and the diversity of different cultures will help those young people produce breakthroughs positively reshaping our life.