2024届高考英语完形填空宏观逻辑（02）讲义.docx

1、一、高考英语完形填空宏观逻辑动词题说过了名词的解题思路之后，我们再来看另一个重点词性动词的解题思路。1.关于动词，你需要重点注意的是三个方面：首先，完形填空的文章以记叙文体裁为主，辅以某些简单的说明文体裁。无论是描述具体事件过程，还是解释具体现象背后的原理，涉及的动作都不可能孤立存在，一定具有内在连续性。记叙文需要通过连续动作推动情节不断向前发展，而说明文需要连续动作分析说明对象相关的一系列连锁反应。为了确保情节发展的合理性和说明分析的有效性，关键动作一定不会过分跳跃而脱节。因此，在判断某一环缺失的动作时，通过观察前后已知动作的先后顺序，可以推断出需要补全的动作环节，这就是动作之间逻辑关系的体

2、现。其次，动作在句中不是凭空出现的，也要与其它词性相互配合，重点需要关注的就是名词和副词。在上一章里我们提到过，名词是动作的发出者和对象，两者要确保合理的关系，所以通过已知的名词可以推断这个名词可能发出什么样的动作，又可能承受什么样的动作。此外，与形容词描述名词的性质相似，副词用于描述动作的状态，所以通过已知的副词可以了解动作的状态，从而判断出具备该状态的动词。在结合名词和副词判断动词的过程中，同样要考虑相互配合的合理性。什么动词能与这里的名词有关、什么动词能具备这种状态，一定应该满足符合常理的描述。最后，相对于名词而言，动词的应用场景更加广泛，也更加复杂。了解动词的中文含义是解题的基础，但是

3、要确保选出正确答案，就要对常考动词的实际应用条件有更加深刻的认识，这样才能准确判断某个动作是否符合文章的具体环境。在这个层面上，笼统的中文释义往往会对句子理解产生误导，而命题者也会刻意利用这种误导来设置命题的陷阱，所以通过题目积累动词的使用经验，是完形填空这个以词汇为核心的考查题型对于你的硬性要求。2.总结简而言之，动词的解题思路可以概括为以下四条：1、动作之间的逻辑关系2、动作的发出者和对象3、副词的合理状态限制4、核心动词的应用条件二、 高考英语完形填空例题（practice 1）Practice 1Ask people to name the worlds tallest peak an

4、d anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact (21) _ and many will be not sure.21. A. location B. appearance C. area D. heightIn 1975, Chinese surveyors (22) _ that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8,848.13 meters high. As (23) _ improved, satellit

5、es, photo electricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were (24) _ to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry (25) _ to what is the worlds rooftop.22. A. estimated B. assumed C. determined D. admitted23. A. condition B. technology C. society D. economy24. A. employe

6、d B. expected C. approached D. inspired25. A. weapons B. vehicles C. instruments D. packagesIn 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they (26) _ the height to be 8,844.43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no (27) _ task. The average air temperature there is

7、 -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees (28) _ than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and hurricane-like (29) _ blow all the time. Team members were training to (30) _ the extreme conditions.26. A. changed B. calculated C. extended D. expanded27. A. glorious B. easy C. admirable D. t

8、ough28. A. colder B. hotter C. higher D. lower29. A. snows B. rains C. winds D. snowflakes30. A. cope with B. fight for C. take on D. carry outIn a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, (31) _ huge amounts of money and human resources. But it is worth the (32) _. Qomolangma is

9、the perfect (33) _ for observing crustal (地壳的) movements. And changes to the peaks height could (34) _ whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.31. A. wasting B. spending C. overcoming D. involving32. A. effort B. loss C. harvest D. achievement33. A. channel B. window C. sol

10、ution D. entrance34. A. indicate B. foresee C. measure D. exposeBesides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats (35) _ measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, and it can

11、benefit mankind.35. A. where B. how C. why D. whether三、高考英语完形填空宏观逻辑动词题逐题解析我们来一起看一看Practice 1里的6道动词题。1. In 1975, Chinese surveyors (22) _ that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8,848.13 meters high.22.A. Estimated B. assumed C. determined D. admitted解题思路：22题的动作发出者是“Chinese surveyors 中国勘测员”。从动作之间的逻

12、辑关系来看，中国勘测员做了某个动作，与珠穆朗玛峰的高度“was 8,848.13 meters high”相关， 由此可以排除A选项“estimate 估算、估计”和B选项“assume 假设、假定”。“估算、估计”的动作代表结果可能不甚准确，“假设、假定”用于陈述真假未知的情况，这两个动作都不可能出现was之后精确到小数点后两位的数据，“估计有八千多米”、“假设有八千米”这样的笼统说法更加符合这两个动作的使用条件。正确答案是C选项“determine 决定、确定”，既可以描述描述主观下定决心的过程，又可以描述根据某些客观条件作出的判断，能够与后面准确的高度数据相关，与动作发出者“勘测员”的关

13、系也合理。至于D选项“admit 承认过错、准许进入”，只要知道“承认”经常应用的场景是出现某些过错、过失或罪行时的受迫行为，在这里就绝对可以直接排除。2. As technology improved, satellites, photo electricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were (24) _ to get more exact figures.24.A. Employed B. expected C. approached D. inspired解题思路：24题首先需要注意的是，选项动词均为-ed形式，空格旁

14、边出现了be动词“were”，看到这种情况要立刻意识到，这里是动词的被动语态考查，所以一定要按照被动理解动作，才能正确理解语句含义。这道题动作之间的逻辑关系更加明显。科技“improve 改善、提高”，然后一系列技术被做某个动作，最后“get more exact figures 得到更加准确的数据”，那么当然应该是技术“被应用、被使用”，对应的就是A选项“employ 应用、雇用”。有的同学对这个词理解得不够全面，认为employ一定是对人做的动作，那么你现在要知道，这个词既可以用来表示“雇用某些人”，又可以用来表示“应用某些事物”，其实二者的本质都是相同的“使用”。B选项“expect 期

15、待、预期”与前后已知动作的关系是脱节的。只有真正“应用”了技术后，才会有“期待”的动作发生，没有真实应用，期待结果就无从谈起。C选项“approach 接近、靠近”和D选项“inspire 激励、启发”都是比较明显的不合理选项。动作的相关名词是技术，技术无法被靠近，靠近的应该是某个确切的位置或结果；技术也无法被激励，受到激励和启发的应该是人。3. In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they (26) _ the height to be 8,844.43

16、 meters.26.A. Changed B. calculated C. extended D. expanded解题思路：相对于22题和24题，26题的难度要低很多，因为已知动作和名词的提示非常充足，错误选项的干扰度也比较弱。从已知的“scale测量、攀登”、“find 发现”到后面的“was not as high 没有那么高”和“be 8,844.43 meters 是8844.43米”，以及动作发出者they和动作对象height，都可以判断出来正确答案为B选项“calculate 计算”，这是唯一相关的动作。A选项“change 改变”的动作对象是不合理的，研究者可以改变他们的研

17、究结果，但是无法改变山峰的高度，如果把height换成类似“result 结果”之类的内容，也许还勉强说得过去。C选项“extend 延长、延伸”用于描述长度增加，D选项“expand 扩张、扩大”用于描述面积增加，研究者不能延长山峰的高度，山峰的高度与面积扩大也没有关系。extend和expand这两个词经常在一起出现考查，属于易混词，需要特别注意。4. Team members were training to (30) _ the extreme conditions.30.A. cope with B. fight for C. take on D. carry out解题思路：动词短

18、语是动词题的另一种表现形式，也是很多同学头疼的题目类型，原因主要是动词短语太多，如果不了解准确含义很容易无所适从。对于这种与介词考查相关的题目，我给各位的建议就是“积累”。如果这道题出现了你不了解的动词短语，只要把它多记几次有个印象就可以了，你不需要担心自己会遗忘，也不需要去找来一堆一堆的动词短语死记硬背，因为你背不完，而且背完了一样会忘。在一篇高考真题的完形填空中，动词短语的题目考查最多不超过两道题，而且正确答案一定是非常常用的动词短语。只要你按部就班完成正常的备考复习任务，这些短语你就一定应该非常熟悉，并不需要给自己那么大的心理压力。而且动词短语的实质无外乎就是“基础动词 + 介词本义”而

19、已，绝大多数的动词短语还是有章可循的。比如30题很多人可能误选B选项“fight for 为而战、为而拼搏”，那是因为你在看题的时候把“fight for”自动等同成了“fight 作战、对抗”，而忽视了“for 为了”的含义。“fight the extreme conditions 与极端条件对抗”是合理的，“fight for the extreme conditions 为极端条件而战”就不合理了，因为fight for的后面应该是你要追求的目标和结果，比如“fight for the victory 为胜利而战”。正确答案是能够与前面的“train 训练”形成连续动作的A选项“cop

20、e with 对付、应对”，同义短语是“deal with 解决、处理”，一般用于解决某些问题或困难，比如“cope with the difficulties 应对困难”。C选项“take on 承担、呈现”，可以“take on the responsibility 承担责任”，也可以“take on a new look 呈现新的面貌”。D选项“carry out 开展、执行”，往往用于正式进行某些计划或项目，如“carry out the project 开展项目”。各位在记忆动词短语的时候也可以借鉴上面的做法，去熟悉一个动词短语实际的使用实例，而非只去死记硬背短语的基本含义，你会逐渐

21、对短语有更加全面的理解，同时还能积累若干写作中能使用的素材。5. In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, (31) _ huge amounts of money and human resources.31.A. Wasting B. Spending C. overcoming D. involving解题思路：31题的动作相关名词是“大量的金钱和人力”，我认为排除A选项“waste 浪费”和C选项“overcome 克服”是比较容易的。“浪费”是个负态度，如果浪费金钱人力，整篇文章讲到的为了测量珠峰

22、的高度而付出的所有努力就都完全失去了意义。“克服”的动作对象往往是困难和障碍，与这里的相关名词不符。这道题最容易误选的是B选项“spend 花费”，因为中文翻译“花费了大量的金钱和人力”毫无问题，但是如果你知道spend的正确用法是“sb spend 某人花费了”，就应该知道spend的动作发出者应该是人，而不是句中的“measuring the Qomolangmas height 测量珠峰高度”。如果把spend换成“cost 花费”，这里就可以成立了，因为cost的正确用法是“sth cost 某物花费了”，cost的动作发出者才是物。这种就是典型的命题者利用词汇中文释义的笼统性产生的误

23、导来人为设置出题陷阱的题目，如果不了解词汇的具体应用方法，很容易出现误选。正确答案是D选项“involve 涉及、包含”，也就是“与有关”。测量珠峰的高度牵扯到大量的金钱和人力投入，所以它是“a tall order 难办的事、棘手的问题”。6. And changes to the peaks height could (34) _ whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.34.A. Indicate B. foresee C. measure D. expose解题思路：结合上一题的思路，你现在能否

24、学会排除B选项“foresee 预见、预知”和C选项“measure 测量、衡量”了呢？这两个动作的发出者都应该是人，而不是句中的主语“changes to the peaks height 山峰高度的改变”。需要注意的是measure也有主语是物的时候，用于表示“某物的尺寸是”，后面一定应该是具体的长宽高等数字规格信息，与这里的情况不符。D选项“expose 暴露”往往表示某物与外界产生了初次接触，或者某些隐秘的内容大白于天下，与后面的“whether 是否”是无法匹配的。比如“他暴露了他的真实身份”是成立的，“他暴露了他是否是那个人”就是混乱的，无论是暴露在某处，还是暴露某些内容，都应该是

25、确定的结果，而非“是否”这种模棱两可的状态。正确答案为A选项“indicate 表明、显示”，两个板块是在互相接近，还是互相远离，都是人们可以通过山峰高度的变化所了解到的，所谓“表明”，就是传递出信息、信号的意思。在下一段中出现了indicate的衍生词“indicator 指标、迹象”，其实是同样的含义。至此，Practice 1这篇文章十五道题中的十二道题已经全部解析完毕了。各位会发现相对于比较简单直接的名词题而言，动词题要求你对每个动作的实际应用场景有更加准确细致的把握，这也是完形填空这个题目的重点和难点所在。各位可以在看过Practice 1这十二道重点题目的讲解后，重新再来看一遍文章

26、和题目，回忆一下每道题的解题思路、每个选项的具体要求，从而加深对这些词汇的印象。四、例题参考译文参考译文（例题）Ask people to name the worlds tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact height and many will be not sure.让人们说出世界上最高的山峰，只要有一定常识的人都会提到珠穆朗玛峰。但是如果再问到它的确切高度，许多人可能就不确定了。In 1975, Chine

27、se surveyors determined that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8,848.13 meters high. As technology improved, satellites, photo electricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were employed to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry instruments to what is the worlds

28、rooftop.1975年，中国勘测员确定珠穆朗玛峰（珠峰）的高度为8,848.13米。随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术得以应用，从而获得更加准确的数据。当然，仍然需要有人携带仪器登上世界之巅。In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they calculated the height to be 8,844.43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no easy task. The average air temper

29、ature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees lower than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and hurricane-like winds blow all the time. Team members were training to cope with the extreme conditions.2005年，一支中国队伍攀登了珠穆朗玛峰，并且发现它并没有那么高，他们测算出的高度是8,844.43米。攀登珠穆朗玛峰绝非易事。那里的平均气温为摄氏零下29

30、度，甚至比南极洲还要低四度。那里的积雪厚度达4-5米，飓风一般的狂风终日不止。队员们要经过训练来应对极端条件。In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangmas height is a tall order, involving huge amounts of money and human resources. But it is worth the effort. Qomolangma is the perfect window for observing crustal movements. And changes to the peaks height c

31、ould indicate whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.总之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源。但是一切努力都是值得的。珠穆朗玛峰是观测地壳运动的理想窗口。而峰顶高度的变化可能表明两个地壳板块的运动是彼此接近还是彼此远离。Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Ti

32、bet-Qinghai Plateau. Thats why measuring the Qomolangmas height is so significant. Put to good use, and it can benefit mankind.此外，峰顶积雪和其它自然资源的状况是青藏高原未来气候变化的指标。这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度如此重要。如果得以善加利用，它将造福人类。五、 高考英语完形填空真题练习【2023年新高考全国卷】In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a f

33、amily in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight _21_. They could not afford to pay for _22_ for their dog, Tiffy, and _23_ wanted to take her with them.It just _24_ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who _25_ to take Tiffy from Kansas City t

34、o Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to _26_ Tiffy.When I met Tiffys owners, they seemed very _27_. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was _28_ for him, having to leave his dog to a _29_ and trust that everything would _30_.After some goodbyes, I asked George

35、 and his wife to help me _31_ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _32_ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.The flight was _33_, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she _34_ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so _35_ and sen

36、t me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.21. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection22. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation23. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally24. A. appeared B. proved C. happen

37、ed D. showed25. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed26. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up27. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious28. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky29. A. coworker B. passenger C. stranger D. neighbor30. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off31.

38、 A. feed B. follow C. change D. load32. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve33. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful34. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed35. A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic六、 高考英语完形填空真题练习解析【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. A 29.

39、 C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A. turn转折点；B. budget预算；C. schedule时间表；D. connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for _2_ for their dog, Tiffy,”可

40、知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. food食物；B. shelter庇护；C. medicine药；D. transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight _1_ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地

41、；B. temporarily暂时地；C. secretly秘密地；D. originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和

42、另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为送行；B. look for寻找；C

43、. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was _8_ for him, having to leave his do

44、g to a _9_ and trust that everything would _10_ .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a _9_ and trust that everything would _10_ .”可推知，

45、此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. coworker合作者；B. passenger乘客；C. stranger陌生人；D. neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was _8_ for him,”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出

46、来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. speed up加速；B. work out解决；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was _8_ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改

47、变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B.

48、unexpected意想不到的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just _4_ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who _5_ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。