3.易错易混淆短语及习题-2024年中考复习常用短语.docx

1、易错短语及习题1. a number of 许多，大量 the number of .的数量l The number of the club members is 80, and a number of them are girls.注意“a number of+可数名词复数”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数2. a kind of 意为“一种”，后接名词 kind of 意为“有点儿，稍微”，后接形容词l Apple is a kind of fruit.l Pandas are kind of cute.3. a few & a

2、 little 相同点不同点都意为“一些”a few修饰可数名词复数a little修饰不可数名词l There are a few people on the street.l We need a little water. 4. too many , too much, much too意义用法too many太多.修饰可数名词复数too much太多.修饰不可数名词much too太.修饰形容词l He complained that he had too much homework to do.l There are too many people in the supermarket

3、.l The problem is much too difficult for them so they cant work it out.5. 可省略介词in的短语：(1) be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(2) spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花时间或金钱做某事(3) have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(4) have fun (in) doing sth. = have a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事开心l My dad w

4、as busy (in) repairing his computer.l Many students have difficulty (in) learning physics. l We had fun (in) riding our bikes to the beach. = We had a good time (in) riding our bikes to the beach.l Lily spent 20 dollars (in) buying the books.l He spent 2 days (in) finishing the report. 注意当spend后接名词作

5、宾语时，要用介词on连接，即：spend time/money on sth. 意为“花时间或金钱在某事上”l Lily spent 20 dollars on the books. 6. good相关短语：(1) be good at doing sth. 擅长做某事(2) be good with sb. 善于应付某人(3) be good to sb. 对某人友好l Mike is good at drawing.l My math is good with his students.l We should be good to friends.7. break相关短语：(1) brea

6、k in 强行闯入 (2) break out (战争、疾病等）爆发 (3) break down 抛锚，（机器或车辆）发生故障 (4) break up 分手 l A criminal broke in the poor womans house.l The Second World War broke out in 1931.l My car broke down on my way home.l They finally decided to break up.8. call相关短语：(1) call (sb.) back （给某人）回电话 (2) call in 召来，叫来(3) ca

7、ll up 打电话给（某人），征召 l Your mother ask you to call her back.l They called in a doctor to save the man.l If Im sad, Ill call up some friends to talk about my problems.9. cut相关短语:(1) cut down 砍倒 (2) cut in 插嘴(3) cut off 切除 (4) cut out 删除，删去 (5) cut up 切碎 l The police warned them not to cut down trees.l I

8、ts impolite to cut in when others are talking.l The electricity has been cut off.l She cut out some messages.l First you should cut up the bananas.10. deal with & do with 相同点不同点都意为“应对，处理”deal with常与how连用do with常与what连用How do you deal with it?What do you do with it?11. either.or. & neither.nor.相同点不同点

9、1. 都用于两者之间2. 都遵循就近原则either.or.意为“要么.要么.;或者.或者.”neither.nor.意为“既不.也不.”l I usually either watch TV or listen to music at night.l Neither he nor I am right. 12. 动词+doing sth.(1) avoid doing sth. 避免做某事l You should avoid mentioning the terrible news.(2) allow doing sth. 允许做某事l They dont allow smoking in

10、the library.(3) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事l Their kids enjoy reading.(4) feel like doing sth. 想要做某事l I felt like playing the piano after dinner.(5) finish doing sth. 完成做某事l We finally finished reading the book.(6) keep (sb.) doing sth. （让某人）一直做某事l He kept us waiting for a long time.l Keep moving. Dont s

11、top.(7) mind (sb.) doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事l Do you mind me opening the door?l She minded not getting the job. （她介意没得到这份工作。）(8) need doing sth. 某事需要被做（= need to be done）l This skirt needs washing. =This skirt needs to be washed.(9) practice doing sth. 练习做某事l His brother often practices playing basketbal

12、l on weekends.(10) suggest doing sth. 建议做某事l The doctor suggested brushing teeth twice a day.13. 介词to+doing sth.(1) stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事l The old man has stuck to writing novels since ten years ago.(2) be(get) used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事l My uncle is used to drinking some coffee in the morning.(3

13、) look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事l I look forward to receiving your message.14. 既可接to do sth.又可接doing sth.的动词，且意义有区别(1) continue doing sth. 继续做某事（指继续做刚刚做过的那件事） continue to do sth. 继续做某事（指做完一件事继续做另一件事）l He hasnt finished his homework yet. So he had to continue doing it. l She finished reading the bo

14、ok, then she continued to listen to music.(2) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（表示动作已经发生） forget to do sth. 忘记做某事l I forgot closing the window. (我忘记关了窗。)l Lilys mother forgot to turn off the TV when she left home.(3) mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事l The new order means working overtime.l I didnt

15、 mean to hurt you.(4) remember doing sth.记得做过某事（表示动作已经发生） remember to do sth. 记得做某事l I remembered turning off the light.（我记得关了灯。）l Mandy remembered to take an umbrella.(5) stop doing sth. 停止做某事（指停止做一直在做的事） stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事l My dad asked me to stop playing computer games.l Im tired. Lets stop

16、 to have a rest.(6) try doing sth. 尝试做某事（表示不一定付出努力） try to do sth. 努力做某事（强调付出一定的努力）l Ken tries making a model plan.l We tried hard not to laugh.15. 既可接doing，又可接do的动词(1) notice sb. doing sth. 注意某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事（注意到整个过程）l I didnt notice him enter into the room.l I didnt notic

17、e him leaving.(2) see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（看见整个过程或经常看见）l Frank saw Tina dancing this afternoon.l My parents often see my brother play the guitar.(3) hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事（听见整个过程或经常听见） l She heard someone knock at the door. l

18、 Lisa heard someone singing in the music room.(4) watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（动作正在进行） watch sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（看见整个过程或经常看见）l I watched Helen carrying a heavy box.l Cindy like watching the monkeys climb around the hill.16. 表示“达到”的短语(1) get to+地点 (2) arrive at/in+地点 (3) reach+地点l He got to Shangha

19、i two hours ago.l Helen arrived in Hong Kong last night.l She arrived at school at 8 oclock this morning.l We reached the small village in the evening. 17. give相关短语：(1) give away 赠送，捐赠 (2) give out 分发，散发 (3) give up 放弃 l Mr. Smith gave away some old clothes to the poor.l Nancy gave out some invitati

20、ons.l Never give up.18. hand相关短语：(1) hand in 上交 (2) hand out 分发 l Each student is supposed to hand in homework on time.l The teacher is handing out the papers.19. hundred, thousand, million表示确切的数量时不加-s; 表示“大量，许多”时要加-s(1) hundreds of 许多，大量(2) thousands of 数以千计的，许许多多的(3) millions of 许多，大量l Thousands o

21、f visitors will visit the Great Wall every year.l There are two hundred students attending the meeting. 20. in front of & in the front ofin front of在（外部的）前面There is a pay phone in front of the post office.in the front of在（内部的）前面There is a computer in the front of our classroom. 21. “leave for+目的地”意为

22、“去某地 ” l Bill is leaving for Beijing. Bill将要去北京。l Anna left for Hang Zhou yesterday morning. 安娜昨天早上去杭州了。22. lend & borrow(1) lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 （借出） (2) borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 （借入）l Could you lend your dictionary to me?=Could you lend me your dictionary?l I borrowed a dictio

23、nary from Tom.23. look相关短语:(1) look for 寻找，寻求(2) look through 快速查看，浏览(3) look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅，抬头看 (4) look up to 钦佩，仰慕l She is looking for her math book now.l Is it helpful to look through the newspaper?l Students can use dictionaries to look up new words.l A lot of young girls look up to you.

24、24. make progress 取得进步progress是不可数名词，因此不能用a修饰progress，可用much修饰progress，如：make much progress,意为“取得很大的进步”l He has made much progress in his homework.25. play的相关短语：(1) play+棋牌类、球类 play chess 下国际象棋 play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球 play cards 打牌(2) play+the+西洋乐器 play the drums 敲鼓 play the piano 弹钢琴

25、play the violin 拉小提琴26. 表示“阻止某人做某事”的词组：(1) prevent sb. from doing sth. (2) stop sb. from doing sth. l No one can stop him from smoking.l Wearing sun glasses can prevent sunshine from hurting our eyes.27. put相关短语:(1) put off 推迟(2) put up 塔起，张贴(3) put on 增加（体重），发胖，穿上 (4) put down 放下l We have to put of

26、f the meeting.l They put up the tents at the foot of the mountain.l Its cold outside. Put on your sweater.l Put down the box on the floor.28. set相关短语:(1) set out 出发 (2) set up 建起，设立 l Tim will set out tomorrow morning.l My parents set up a company 10 years ago.29. shout相关短语:(1) shout at sb. 冲某人大声叫嚷

27、（带有感情色彩） (2) shout to sb. 对某人大声叫喊 （不带感情色彩，只是为了让被人听到） l My mother shouted at me because I broke the window again.l I saw my sister on the other side of the road, so I shouted to her.30. suggest & allow(1) suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事l The doctor suggests brushing teeth afte

28、r dinner.l The doctor suggests me to brush teeth after dinner.(2) allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事l They dont allow swimming in the river.l Mom allows me to play games after I finish homework.31. take相关短语:(1) take in 吸入，吞入（体内）(2) take off 脱下（衣服），（飞机等）起飞 (3) take place 发生 （注意take p

29、lace无被动语态）(4) take sb.s place 代替某人(5) take up （尤指为消遣）学着做，开始做，占据（时间或空间）l They need to take in plenty of water.l The plane is taking off in 10 minutes.l The concert will take place next month.l When Bruce retired, Peter took his place.l Grandma decided to take up a hobby to kill time. 32. turn相关短语:(1)

30、 turn down 拒绝，（把音量）调小 (2) turn on 接通（电流、煤气，水等）；打开 (3) turn off关掉 (4) turn.into 变成 (5) turn out (to be) 结果是(6) turn up （把音量）调大，露面 l Lisa turned down my invitation because she was busy preparing for a test.l The football match is beginning. Please turn on the TV.l I forgot to turn off the light when I

31、 left classroom.l The magician can turn a hat into a rabbit.l He turned out to be our new physics teacher.l I cant hear the news. Please turn up the voice. 33. compare.to. & pare A to B 将A比作Bcompare A with B把A和B相比l People always compare the young to a rising sun. 人们总是将年轻人比作冉冉升起的太阳。l We compared the

32、first report with the second carefully.我们仔细比较了第一份报告和第二份报告。34. used to do sth. & be (get) used to ding sth.used to do sth.意为“曾经常常做某事”，表示现在已经不做了be (get) used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，表示现在的习惯l My father used to play basketball on weekends.l David is used to getting up early in the morning.35. would like

33、 & would ratherwould like (sb.) to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事would rather (sb.) do sth. 宁愿做某事l Id like to drink some coffee.l Id like you to sing a song for me.l Sarah would rather choose the blue skirt.l Id rather you come with us. 练习：一、 单项选择1. The students are _ flowers in their twenties.A. compared to B.

34、comparing to C. compared with D. comparing with2. Dont pour _ water into the blender. We just need _.A. too many; a little B. too many; a few C. too much; a little B. too much; a few3. Ben often spends o lot of time _ computer games.A. play B. plays C. playing D. played4. Ken called you just now, bu

35、t you werent at home. Would you call him _?A. in B. back C. up D. on5. A thief broke _ my house when I took a trip to Hong Kong.A. in B. out C. down D. up 6. Jim isnt good _ kids, so he refused to take care of his younger brother.A. with B. at C. to D. / 7. The teacher found that Grace made _ progre

36、ss in her study.A. a B. an C. many D. much 8. Before we make dumplings, we should cut _ these vegetables.A. off B. up C. out D. in9. Either he or I _ going to take part in the game.A. is B. are C. am D. be10. My grandparents looked forward to _ from me.A. hear B. hears C. hearing D. heard二、 完成句子1. 我

37、应该怎么处理这个问题呢？How should I _ _ the problem? 2. 老师允许我们在音乐教室听歌。 Our teacher _ _ _ listen to music in the music room. 3. 他们每年都会捐赠许多书给贫困地区的孩子。 They _ _ hundreds of books to the children living in the poor area. 4. 浏览网页后我们获得了一些有用的信息。 After _ _ the Internet, we got some useful information. 5. 这个老人大声斥责撞到他的孩子

38、。 The old man _ _ the kid who walked into him. 三、 用所给词的适当形式填空1. The twins usually practice _ (dance) after class. 2. I forgot _ (bring) an umbrella. So I had to wait until it stopped raining. 3. Mr. Smith heard someone _ (play) the guitar when he returned home this afternoon. 4. Id rather _ (drink) orange juice. 5. Because of the terrible weather, we have to put off _ (hold) the sports meeting. 参考答案：一、 单项选择ACCBA ADBCC二、 完成句子1. deal with 2. allow us to 3. give away 4. looking through5.shouted at三、 用所给词的适当形式填空1. dancing 2. to bring 3. playing 4. drink 5. holding