高一英语同步精品课件：UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE - READING（新人教版必修4）.ppt

1、.词汇过关1_vt.代表；象征_n代表；象征；描绘_n代表，代理人adj.有代表性的2_n社团；联系；联想_vt.结合；联合3_n飞行；航班4 _adj.好 奇 的 _adv.好 奇 地_n好奇心5_vt.&vi.接近；靠近n.接近；方法；途径6_vt.保护；保卫_n防御；保卫7 _adj.主 要 的 v.主 修；n.主 修 科 目_n多数；大多数8_vt.误解；误会_n误解；误会9_vi.猛冲；突进10_adj.口语的_adj.未说出口的；非口语的11_n十字路口答案：1.represent;representation;representive2association;associate3

2、flight4.curious;curiously;curiousity5approach6.defend;defense7.major;majority8misunderstand;misunderstanding9dash10.spoken;unspoken11crossroads.短语自查1_保卫以免受2be likely to_3_总的来说，通常答案：1.defend.against2有可能，有希望3in general.句式翻译1Yesterday,another student and I,representing our universitys student associati

3、on,went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students._2The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain._3She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in defence._4Not all cultures greet each ot

4、her the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people._5However,people from places like Spain,Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them._6Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands,

5、but some cultures use other greetings as well,such as the Japanese,who prefer to bow._答案：1昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。2第一个到来的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的朱莉娅史密斯。3朱莉娅看上去很吃惊，往后退了退，并抬起双手，像是防卫。4各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。5不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。6现在世界上多数人见面要握手相互问

6、候，但有些文化(背景下的人)也会采取另外一些问候方式。比如，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。.语篇理解仔细阅读课文，完成表格。TaskTo go to the Capital International Airport to 1._this years international studentsScene 1Tony from Colombia approached Julia from Britain,touched her 2._and kissed her on the cheek.Julia stepped back appearing 3._and put up her hands,as if

7、 in defence.Scene 2George from Canada 4._his hand out to Akira from Japan.Akira bowed,so his nose 5._Georges moving hand.Scene 3Ahmed from Jordan came close to me though I moved 6._a bit.Darlene from France shook hands with Tony and then kissed each other 7._on each cheek.Ahmed simply 8._at the girl

8、s.Different culturesMen from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite 9._to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.English people dont usually stand very close to others or touch 10._.People from places like Spain,Italy or 11._countries approach others closely and

9、 are more likely to touch them.The Japanese prefer to 12._.Most people around the world greet each other by 13._答案：1.greet2.shoulder3.surprised4.reached5touched6.back7.twice8.nodded9.close10 strangers11.South American12.bow13.shaking.单词突破1represent1)代表；象征The competition attracted over 500 contestant

10、s representing 8 different countries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。The red lines on the map represent railways.这张地图上的红线代表铁路。2)(用图画、戏剧、雕刻等)展示，描绘The picture represents a hunting scene.这是一幅行猎图。He represented himself as an expert.他声称自己是个专家。3)正式提出(意见、想法等)Ill represent to him the risks that he is running.我会向他说

11、明他所冒的危险。The lawyer represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable.律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常。【知识拓展】1)representation n.代表，象征；描绘2)representative n.代表，代理人，代表人物【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)我们党代表人民的利益。Our party_ _ _of the people.(2)在这出戏中国王被刻画成了一个反面人物。The king_ _ _a villain in the play.(3)我们会在下星期把计划提交给委员会。We will_

12、our plan_the committee next week.答 案：(1)represents the interests(2)is represented as(3)represent;to单项填空(4)Mr Mohammad was elected to_thecompany at the international conference.AreplaceBrepresentCpresent Dform答案：B本题考查动词的词义辨析。represent“代表”；replace“代替，取代”；present“呈现”；form“形成，构成”。根据句子意思“Mohammad先生被选出来代表

13、公司来参加国际会议”可知B项正确。2curious(adj.)1)curious(about/as to sth.)/curious to do sth.求知欲强的；好奇的The boy was curious about everything he saw.那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。Everyone was curious as to why Mark was leaving.马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。Im curious to know what she said.我真想知道她说了什么。2)curious(that.)稀奇古怪；奇特；不寻常She looks rather cu

14、rious with green hair.她头发是绿的，样子有点古怪。Its curious that he didnt tell you.他没有告诉你，实在反常。【知识拓展】1)curiously(adv.)好奇地；奇怪地2)curiousity(n.)好奇心；求知欲；罕见之物，珍品【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)对于不要你知道的事别去打听。Dont_ _ _things you are not supposed to know.(2)我很想知道那口古钟是怎么运转的。I am_ _ _how that old clock works.答案：(1)be curious about(2)curiou

15、s to know单项填空(3)(2010天津5)People have always been_about exactly how life on earth began.Acurious BexcitedCanxious Dcareful答案：A题意：人们总是对地球上的生命的确切起源感到好奇。be curious about“对感到好奇”；be anxious about“为 担 心，渴 望”；be careful about“对小心”。根据句意，A项正确。(4)(2006辽 宁 28)People have always been curious_how things on the ea

16、rth exactly began.Ain BatCof Dabout答案：Dbe curious about“对感到好奇”。(5)If you are_about Australian cities,just read the book written by Dr Johnson.Ainterested BanxiousCupset Dcurious答 案：Dbe interested in“对 感 兴 趣”；be anxious about“为着急”；be upset at“对苦恼(不安)”；be curious about“对好奇的”。根据句子意思可知D正确。3association n

17、协会；社团Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?你参加了专业协会或行业协会没有？They founded the association to help families suffering from alcoholism.他们成立这个协会是帮助那些遭受酗酒之害的家庭。【知识拓展】1)association n联合；联系；合伙；交往；联想His English improved enormously because of his association with British people.因为和英国人有来往，所以他的

18、英语突飞猛进。There has always been a close association between these two schools.这两所学校一向有密切联系。She became famous through her association with several poets.她通过与几位诗人交往而出名了。Scotland has all kinds of happy associations for me.苏格兰给我各种各样的愉快的联想。2)associate v联想；联系I have never associated you with this place.我从来没有把

19、你和这个地方联系在一起。I wouldnt want to be associated with Jims project.我不想和吉姆的计划有任何瓜葛。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)因为他和英国人往来，所以他的英语有很大提高。His English improved greatly because of his_ _British people.(2)你从大海能联想到什么？_ _does the sea have for you?(3)你是哪个专业学会的？Do you belong to any _ _？答案：(1)association with(2)What associations(3)p

20、rofessional association单项填空(4)Surely it doesnt matter where the student_get their money from;what counts is what they do with it.Aleagues BclubsCgroups Dassociations答案：D本题考查名词的意义辨析。leagues指为特殊目的而成立的“同盟，联合会”；clubs指有共同兴趣或爱好的人组织的“俱乐部”；groups“组，团，群”，有较大的随意性；associations是为共同目的而成立的“协会，学会，社团”。根据句子意思可知D为正确答

21、案。4approach1)vi./vt.走近，靠近，接近As you approach the town the first building you see is the church.接近那座城镇的时候，首先看到的就是教堂。The time is approaching when we have to leave.我们要离开的时刻越来越近了。Hes approaching 80.他快八十岁了。2)n.靠近，接近，临近；通路，入口；方法，方式，常与介词to连用a new approach to cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法The approach of winter b

22、rings cold weather.冬天即将来临，天气变得寒冷。All approaches to the town were blocked.通往这座城镇的所有道路都被封锁了。He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through storytelling.他决定采用一种不同的方法，通过讲故事来教授圣经。【词语辨析】approach，method，manner，way,means这些名词均含有“方法；办法”之意。1)approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径。The school has decided to

23、 adopt a different approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。2)method意指一个详细的，逻辑有序的计划；系统的具有一定理论性的方法，强调条理性和高效率。Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing.老师告诉我们一种书写的新方法。3)manner强调的是行动或步骤的具有个性和独特性的方法，主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式。I dont object to what she says,but I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying i

24、t.我并不反对她说的话，但我很反感她说这话的方式。4)way指做事情的方法、方式，也可泛指思想方法，生活方式等。Each successful manager has a way of his own in bringing his views to bear.每一个成功的经理都有他自己独特的方式使别人接受他的意见。5)means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。Television is an effective means of communication.电视是一种有效的通讯手段。【牛刀小试】(1)(2009浙江6)The system has been designed

25、to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.Aaccess BpassageCway Dapproach答案：A考查名词词义辨析。access“接近或使用的权利或机会”；passage“通道”；way“方法”；approach“办法”。题意：这个系统的目的在于让学生能够快速简单的查阅图书馆里的电子资料。故选A。(2)(2006湖北24)At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics.Aappr

26、oaches BmeansCmethods Dways答案：A题意：在会议上，他们讨论了三种不同的数学学习方法。approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径，译作“(待人接物或思考问题的)方式、方法、态度”。approach与介词to搭配，其余三个词与介词of搭配。完成句子(3)国庆节即将来临。National Day_ _.(4)在我们接近时，敌人跑了。The enemy ran away_ _ _.答案：(3)is approaching(4)as we approached5defend(vt.)1)防 御，保 卫，保 护，常 说 defend sb./sth.from/against s

27、b./sth.He picked up a stick to defend himself from the dog.他拿起一根棍子防卫，免得被狗咬。2)为辩护；辩白How can you defend the killing of animals for scientific research?你怎能为因科学研究而杀死动物的行为辩护呢？【知识拓展】defence(n.)保卫，防卫，防御；辩护，辩解Many soldiers died in defence of our motherland during the war.在战争中许多战士为了保卫我们的祖国而牺牲。She said in def

28、ence that she had not seen the“NoParking”sign.她辩白说她没看见“不准停车”的标志。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)这个课程旨在培训学生防备可能的袭击。The course aims to train students to_ _ _any possible attacks.(2)我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道这件事。I have to say_ _ _that she knew nothing about it beforehand.答案：(1)defend themselves from/against(2)in her defense6major1)

29、(adj.)主要的；重要的；大的Shanghai is one of the major cities in China.上海是中国的主要城市之一。This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music.这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向。We have encountered major problems.我们已遇到重大的问题。2)(n.)C主修课程；专业课Her major is French.她的主修科目是法语。C主修学生；主修生She is a French major.她是法语专业的学生。C少校Hes a ma

30、jor in the US army.他是美国陆军少校。3)(V.)major in sth.主修She majored in maths and physics(at university)她(在大学)主修数学和物理。Alice majors in economics.艾丽丝主修经济学。【知识拓展】1)majority(n.)多数，大半The majority of doctors agree that smoking is harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟危害健康。2)minor(adj.)较小的；次要的；轻微的minority(n.)少数，小部分There may

31、be some minor changes to the schedule.时间安排也许会有小小的变动。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)这车需要大修。The car needs_ _.(2)他主修历史。He_ _ _history.(3)大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。_ _ _ _interviewed prefer TV to radio.答案：(1)major repairs(2)is majoring in(3)The majority of people单项填空(4)Scientists think they have broken through in their att

32、empt to find the causes of some_diseases.Amajor BmainCchief Dleading答案：A本题考查形容词的用法。major指同其他人或其他物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出的。main通常只用于指物，指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其他事物。chief指人时，表同类中职位最高的，权力最大的；指物时，表同类中重要、价值最高的。leading侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力，从而有主导和引导作用的。根据句意可知，A正确。major diseases“重大疾病”。7misunderstand(v.)误会，误解He completely m

33、isunderstood my intention.他完全误解了我的意图。Dont misunderstand me.不要误解我的意思。【知识拓展】1)misunderstanding(n.)误会，误解I think there must have been some misunderstanding.I didnt order all these books.我想准是出了点误会，我并没有订购所有这些书。We must clear up the misunderstanding between us.我们必须澄清我们俩之间的误会。We had a little misunderstanding

34、 with our neighbours last night.昨晚我们和邻居发生了一点小争执。2)mis为否定前缀，许多动词前加上mis后构成动词含有“错误地”之意。misuse 误用，滥用 mistake 误会，误解mistreat 虐待【牛刀小试】完成句子你误解了我的话。Youve_ _ _ _.答案：misunderstood what I said8dash(v.)突然而急促的往前冲；急奔The children dashed out immediately the bell rang.铃声刚响过，孩子们就冲了出去。【知识拓展】dash(n.)猛冲，急奔the 100meter da

35、sh 百米赛跑When the door opened,there was a mad dash for seats.门一开，人们便疯狂地朝座位奔去。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)他急匆匆地赶去赴约。She_ _to keep an appointment.(2)他跳下公共汽车，直奔近处的酒吧。He jumped off the bus and_ _ _ _the nearest bar.答案：(1)dashed off(2)made a dash for9likely(adj.)1)likely(to do sth.)/likely(that.)可能的；预期的；有希望的Young drivers

36、 are far more likely to have accidents than older drivers.年轻司机发生车祸的可能性远远大于较年长的司机。Its more than likely that the thieves dont know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。2)似乎合适的；仿佛恰当的This looks a likely field for mushrooms.这地看来适合长蘑菇。She seems the most likely candidate for the job.这项工作，她似乎是最合适的人选。【词语辨析】lik

37、ely,possible,probable这三个形容词都可以表示“可能的”。1)likely指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”；主语可以是人或物，构成句型：be likely to do sth.It is likely that.；例如：The likely outcome of the contest varies from moment to moment.比赛结果可能每分钟都在变化。It isnt likely to rain.不大像要下雨。It is likely that he will come.他可能会来。2)possible指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生”，强调“客观上有

38、可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思”。主语为物不用人，构成句型：be possible to do.It is possible that.It is possible for sb.to do.as.as possibleFrost is possible,although unlikely,at this time of year.在一年中的这个时候，下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性并不大。Come as quickly as possible/as you can.尽快来吧。3)probable语气比 possible强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物”有“大概、可能”的意思。主语为物不用人

39、，构成句型：It is probable that.Rain is possible but not probable this evening.今晚可能有雨，但不一定准下。It seems probable that he will arrive before dusk.他似乎有可能黄昏前到达。【牛刀小试】(1)(2010陕 西 22)Studies show that people are more_to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.Alikely B

40、possibleCprobable Dsure答案：A 题意：研究表明如果人们长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们更可能遭受一些背部问题。A、B、C三个选项中只有likely 的主语可以是人；而D项sure 不符合句意。(2)Nowadays,within a short walk along a busy street,you are_to find a chain store_a fastfoodrestaurant,a bakery or a supermarket.Aprobable;some kindsBlikely;of some kindCpossible;some kind ofDunl

41、ikely;some kind of答案：Bsb.be likely to do sth.意为“某人可能”；of some kind做后置定语修饰a chain store。(3)There are few pieces of electronic equipment_toraise fears regarding future employment chances than computers.Alikely Bmore likelyCpossibly Dmore possibly答案：B后面的than决定了前面必然有比较级，more likely to do对前面内容加以解释。(4)Id

42、like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games.Better try_the CCTV website,and you are likely _ the information in no time.Ato visit;to get Bto visit;gettingCvisiting;to get Dvisiting;getting答案：C本题考查非谓语动词的用法。try在这里表示“试试”的意思，后面跟动名词；be likely后面跟不定式。(5)The microphone enabled them to keep in touch;in oth

43、er words,it made it_for them to contact each other.Alikely BcapableCpossible Dprobable答案：Ccapable“有才能的，能胜任的”，常与of连用。possible指客观上有可能，但希望很小；probable比possible可能性大，指有实际依据；likely指从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生的事，根据句意可知，C为正确答案。10avoid v避免；回避；躲开avoidn./doing避免To avoid the car hitting him，he had to make a sharp turn.为避免被车

44、撞上，他不得不来个急拐弯。This leaflet tells you how to avoid getting ill while travelling.这本小册子告诉你怎样在旅游期间不生病。Tom was embarrassed and tried to avoid us the next day.汤姆很尴尬，第二天设法躲着我们。【词语辨析】avoid与escape二者都有“逃避”的意思，后面都跟名词或动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式。avoid指在做某事之前有意避开。escape指在做某事的过程中逃脱或逃离。【牛刀小试】(1)There was a large box behind the d

45、oor and Peter couldnt _falling over it in the darkness.Ahelp BresistCavoid Dprevent答 案：Cavoid“避 免”，后 接 动 名 词 或 名 词；cant(couldnt)help doing sth.“禁不住做”；prevent常与from搭配，表示“阻止做”。根据句子意思“门后有一个大箱子，在黑暗中Peter不可避免地摔了一跤”可知，C为正确答案。(2)Try to use travelers cheques if possible and avoid_too much money.Ato bring Bb

46、ringingCto have brought Dhaving brought答案：B动词avoid后跟动名词形式做宾语，而不接动词不定式。动名词的一般式表示一般情况，动名词的完成式强调动名词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。(3)I find it hard to get along with Miss Anderson,and therefore I always avoid_together with her.Ato leave alone Bleaving aloneCto be left alone Dbeing left alone答案：D动词avoid后跟动名词形式做宾语，而不接动词

47、不定式。I与leave之间构成动宾关系，因此，应用动名词的被动式，being left alone“被单独留下来与她在一起”。.短语精讲1in general 通常，大体上，总的来说In general,Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.日本汽车通常是很可靠的，发生故障的情况很少。In general,her work is good.总的来说，她的工作不错。【牛刀小试】I am glad to find myself_accord with your opinions.Ain common Bin particul

48、arCin general Din short答 案：C本 题 考 查 固 定 短 语 的 用 法。in common(with)“与 有 共 同 处，(和)一 样”；in general“大体上，通常，一般说来”；in particular“特别，尤其”；in short“简单地说，总之”。根据句子意思“我很高兴地发现我的意见与你的看法基本一致”可知，C为正确答案。2as well 也，和，还有，相当于too和also，常用于肯定句末尾He is a scientist,but he is a poet as well.他是科学家，也是诗人。He is interested in paint

49、ing and composing as well.他不仅喜欢绘画，还对作曲感兴趣。【知识拓展】1)as well as(1)和一样好She doesnt speak English as well as her friend.她的英语说得不如她朋友好。(2)也，和，还有，常连接平行结构，注意该短语连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与as well as前的名词保持一致。Mary as well as I has been to the Great Wall.我和玛丽都去过长城。He speaks Japanese as well as English.他不但会讲日语还会讲英语。As well

50、as visiting the old man,he helped to clean the room.除看望老人外，他还帮助打扫房间。2)辨析：as well,too,also,as well as与either(1)as well“也”，放在句末。(2)too常置于句尾，有时也置于句中。(3)also用于肯定句中，常位于动词前，但有be动词、助动词时置于其后。(4)as well as“同一样，和，同，跟”，用在句子中，as well as前的部分作主语，其后的部分不作主语。(5)either“也”，只用于否定句的句末。【牛刀小试】(1)(2006辽 宁)The father as wel

51、l as his three children_skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.Ais going BgoCgoes Dare going答案：Cas well as短语连接两个主语时，由前者决定谓语单复数，另外由时间状语every Sunday afternoon in winter可知，应该用一般现在时。完成句子(2)他的老师和同学都觉得他的书写很好。The teacher_ _ _his classmates_highly of his handwriting.(3)除了喜欢打篮球外，他还喜欢读科幻

52、小说。He likes reading science fictions_ _ _ _.(4)市长及他的家人应邀参加了那个晚会。The mayor and_ _ _ _were invited to the party.用as well,as well as,also,too与either填空(5)We_regard him as a great writer today.(6)Tom likes English.John likes it，_.(7)Mary，_her parents,has gone to the park.(8)Peter went to the park,Jack we

53、nt there_.(9)Tom didnt pass the examination;John didnt，_.答案：(2)as well as;thinks(3)as well as playing basketball(4)his family as well(5)also(6)too(7)as well as(8)as well(9)either3on the contrary相反地It wasnt a good thing;on the contrary,it was a huge mistake.那不是件好事，相反地，是个巨大错误。【知识拓展】to the contrary完全不相

54、同地be contrary to与相反by contraries相反地；出乎预料地quite the contrary恰恰相反【牛刀小试】(1)Are you really through with the novel?_，Ive only just begun.AOn the one hand BOn the other handCOn the contrary DIn the contrary答案：C本题考查固定短语的用法。on the one hand“一方面”；on the other hand“另一方面”；on the contrary“正好相反”；D选项的说法本身就是错误的。前一个

55、人问“你是不是真读完了这本小说”，后一个人答“正好相反，我才刚开始”。因此，C为正确答案。(2)What you have done is_the doctors orders.Aattached to Bresistant toCresponsible to Dcontrary to答案：D本题考查固定短语的用法。contrary to“与相反，违反”，可做表语、状语和定语；atttach to“加入，参 加”；resistant to“抵 抗 的，有 抵 抗 力 的”；responsible to“对负责”。根据句子意思可知，D为正确答案。(3)Soviet Unions withdraw

56、al of its experts from China did not strangle(压 垮)the Chinese people；_it stirred up their enthusiasm for greater exertions.Aon the other hand Bon the contraryCto the contrary Din consequence答案：Bon the other hand“另一方面”；on the contrary“相反地”；to the contrary“反对地，与此相反地”；in consequence“因此，由此”。根据句子意思可知，B为正

57、确答案。.句式点击1After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive,I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously。在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。句中enter the waiting area为动词原形作宾语补足语时常接此种结构的词有hear/watch/notice/feel/observe等，当然此结构中除了用不带to的不定式表示动作已经结束外，还可用doing表示动作正在进行。loo

58、king around curiously为现在分词短语作伴随状语，相当于and look around curiously.As he stood there he saw two men enter the supermarket.他站在那儿时看到两个人走进了超市。At this time yesterday I saw two little girls dancing in the street.昨天这个时候我看到两个小姑娘在街上跳舞。【牛刀小试】(2007全 国)I smell something_inthe kitchen.Can I call you back in a minut

59、e?Aburning BburntCbeing burnt Dto be burnt答案：Asmell something burning“闻到有东西在烧焦”，由下句可知此处表示动作正在进行。2The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain。第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。句中to arrive作person的定语，当名词或代词前有序数 词 修 饰 时，后 面 常 接 不 定 式 短 语 作 定 语

60、；closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain为过去分词作定语，可扩展为定语从句who was closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain。3When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door,she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face.法国的达琳库隆匆忙走进门的时候，她认出了托尼加西亚微笑的面孔。句中dashing through the door为现在分词短语作状语表示方式，similing为

61、现在分词作定语。The rain came pouring down.大雨倾盆而下。Its really amazing that he killed two birds using one stone.惊人地是他扔出了一块石头打下了两只鸟。4Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable touching strangers or being too close or too far away.并不是所有人都是以相同的方式来互致问候的。触摸陌生人、距离太近或者太远并不都会使人感到舒服。a)部分否定

62、not all；all.not.“并非所有的都”。当not与all,every,everyone,everything,both连用时，皆表示不完全否定。Not all the students are fond of music.并非所有学生都喜欢音乐。Everything is not ready for the party.晚会的一切没有全准备好。Both of them are not right.并不是他们两个都正确。注意：nobody,nowhere,never,no,none,no one,neither表示全部否定。Everyone is not here.并不是人人都在这儿。

63、No one/Nobody is here.这儿没有人。【知识拓展】1)any所修饰的名词或由any构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式。即：只能说 not.any，不能说any.not。I havent read any books by Hanhan.我没看过韩含的书。There was hardly any free time.简直没有什么空闲时间。Theres never anything worth watching on TV.电视上从来没有值得看的节目。2)副 词 wholly，altogether，entirely，completely，always，often，q

64、uite，everywhere和not连用时，也表示部分否定。Such a thing cant be found everywhere.这种事并非到处可见。Forces dont always produce movement.力并不总是产生运动的。【牛刀小试】(1)(2008陕西12)He doesnt have_furniture in his roomjust an old desk.Aany BmanyCsome Dmuch答案：D本题考查了代词的用法。furniture是不可数名词排除B；由否定句排除some；破折号后面说“仅有一张旧桌子”而排除A。(2)We havent eno

65、ugh books for_；some of you have to share.Asomebody BanybodyCeverybody Dnobody答案：C题意：我们没有足够的书提供给每一个人阅读。部分人必须共同阅读一本书。考查考生对部分否定和全部否定的掌握和运用能力。根据后句所提供的信息，可知为部分否定。nobodynot anybody 表示全部否定。b)not.,nor.表示“既不，也不”可以连接多种成分。Not a flower nor even a blade of grass will grow in this area.没有一朵花甚至一片草会生长在这里。Not you no

66、r I nor anybody else has seen an animal like that.你，我，还有其他任何人都没有见过那样的动物。2)连接谓语动词，宾语，表语，状语时，谓语动词常采用否定形式，此时，nor与or在多数情况下通用。He will not permit the change,or/nor even consider it.他决不会容许改变，或者甚至考虑它。It wont arrive today nor tomorrow.今天到不了，明天也不会到。He has neither talent nor the desire to learn.他既无天分也不想学习。【知识拓

67、展1】1)当一个名词短语以形式no this or that被 no，or引入时，or比nor更常用。He has no experience or interest in chemistry.对于化学他既没经验也没兴趣。2)下面这种情况下or比 nor常用，如一个名词短语、形容词短语或副词短语被not引导时。We were not rich or happy.我们既不富有也不快乐。3)连接两个分句，后一分句采用倒装语序。Jane will never compromise with Bill,nor/neither will Bill compromise with Jane.简决不会同比尔

68、和解，而比尔也决不会同简和解。He cannot find anyone now,nor does he expect to find anyone in the future.现在他找不到任何人，以后也别梦想找到任何人。【知识拓展2】1)否定的并列结构为两个以上时，用nor。He cant do it,nor can I,nor can you,nor can anybody.他不能做这事，我也不能，你也不能，任何人都不能。2)neither可以用作副词，与and,so等连用；nor不可。Just as you would not,so neither would they.正如你们不愿意一

69、样，他们也不会答应的。【牛刀小试】(3)I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!_.ANor am I BNeither would ICSame with me DSo do I答案：B 句意：“我不会再来这家餐馆就餐了。饭菜质量太差了！”“我也不会再来了。”本题考查neither/nor引导的倒装句：本结构有以下两种形式：否定句nor/neither情态动词或助动词主语否定句and neither情态动词或助动词主语。该结构表示前边所说的情况也同样适合于后者。(4)Do you know Jim qu

70、arreled with his brother?I dont know，_.Anor dont I care Bnor do I careCI dont care neither DI dont care also答案：B句意：“你知道吉姆和他弟弟吵架这件事吗？”“我不知道，我也不在意。”否定词位于句首，句子采用倒装语序。5She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in defence.她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。1)stepped back和 put up her hands作

71、 并 列 谓 语，appearing surprised为现在分词短语作伴随状语，as if in defence是省略句式，省略了she was。2)as if：in a way that suggests sth.“似乎，好像，仿佛”，既可引导表语从句又可引导状语从句，从句是否用虚拟语气根据实际情况而定。The teacher treats his students as if they were his own children.那位教师对待他的学生就像对待自己的孩子。The stick which is put into water looks as if it broke.插在水里的

72、筷子看起来像断了似的。It sounds as if you had a good time.听起来你好像过得挺愉快。【词语辨析】as if(though)，even if(though)as if(though)“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。even if(though)“纵然，即使”，引导让步状语从句。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。They still stick to their opinion even though the majority are against it

73、.纵然大多数人反对，他们还是坚持他们的观点。在交际时，为了方便或因双方都知道没有必要全部说出时，常使用省略句。If(it is)necessary,we can change the dates of our trip.如果有必要，我们可以更改旅行日期。If(it is)taken according to the instruction,the medicine has no side effect.如果按说明服用，这药就没有副作用。常见的省略：when/if necessary/possible如果有必要/有可能if so如果这样的话if any要是有的话(从量的角度讲)if ever要是

74、有的话(从频率的角度讲)【牛刀小试】(1)(2008安徽)Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.AIf ever BIf busyCIf anything DIf possible答案：D 题意：“对于即将到来的假期你有什么特别的计划吗？”“有。如果可能的话，我打算拜访一下城市里的一些敬老院。”A项“如果曾经有的话”；B项“如果忙的话”；C项不是固定结构；D项“如果可能的话”。(2)(2007全国)We all know that,_，the situation will get worse.Anot if dealt carefully withBif not carefully dealt withCif dealt not carefully withDnot if carefully dealt with答案：Bthat后跟宾语从句，宾语从句中含有一个主从句，if 从句使用了省略句式，完整的形式应为if it is not carefully dealt with,it指代主句中的situation。