Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage.docx

1、Unit 1 Back to School Period 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（译林版2020必修第一册）01学习目标1. Categorize the sentence elements and summarize the general rules;2. Distinguish and choose the right sentence structures;3. Apply appropriate sentence structures in new situations.4. Describe the details of st

2、arting a new school club;5. Analyze and summarize the features of a formal proposal;6.Discuss and compose a formal proposal about starting a new school club.02预习导学. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词或者汉语1. n. 指点，实用的提示:；尖端；小费2. vt. 提醒，使想起3. _ n.目的;目标;瞄准 v. 力争做到;目的是;旨在;瞄准;针对4. _ adj.&n. 职业的，专业的；精通业务的；专门人员5.style n. 6.tec

3、hnique n. 7.workshop n. 8.material n. adj. 9.poster n. 答案：1. tip 2. remind 3. aim 4. professional 5. 风格；方式；样式 6. 技巧，技艺；技能 7. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊 8. 材料；素材, 物质的，实际的；客观存在的 9. 海报；(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人. 核心单词拓展1. n.&v. 焦点，重点；集中 adj. 目标清晰的，目标明确的，重点突出的2. n. 细节；具体情况 adj. 详细的，详尽的3. vt. & n. 以.为基础（依据）；根据，基础；总部，大本营_ adj. 基

4、本的; 基础的4. _ n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚_ vt. 提议；建议答案：1. focus, focused 2. detail, detailed 3. base, basic 4. proposal, propose. 英汉双译短语1. _由于 2. _提醒某人某事3. _ 坚持; 固守; 维持4. refer to _5. come true _6. pay off _答案：1. as a result of 2. remind sb. of 3. stick to 4. 指的是；提到；涉及；参考 5. 愿望实现6. 得到好结果，取得成功；偿清. 初识语法一.指出下列教材原句中划线

5、部分的句子成分，体会它们的语法特征：1. I cant wait to describe to you what high school life is like.2. High school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone.3. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.4. Your time and effort at high school will open the door to your potential.5. The possibilities are

6、 endless.6. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.7. In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.答案：1.主语 2.谓语3.宾语4.定语 5. 表语6.状语 7.补语 二.指出下列教材原句是哪种句子结构，体会它们的语法特征：1.Your dream will come true.2. High school is a time

7、of discovery, learning and hard work.3. High school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone.4.My father bought me a car.5. You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.6. You will succeed in the end.7. Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop

8、 as a student and as a person.8. There is a lot to do after class too.答案：1.主谓2.主系表3.主谓宾4.主谓宾(间接)宾(直接)5.主谓宾宾补6.主谓状7.主谓宾状8.存现句03探究提升词汇精讲1. focus n.焦点，重点vt.&vi.集中 (教材P6)Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标能让你在生活中集中精力。【归纳拓展】in/out of focus清晰/不清晰的；焦点对准/没有对准的bring sth. into focus 使某事物成为焦点)focus o

9、n/upon 注意，集中于focus .on . 把集中于上focused adj. 目标清晰的，目标明确的，重点突出的She always wants to be the focus of attention. 她老想成为人们关注的焦点。The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus. 这次事件使校园暴力问题成为焦点。We need to focus public attention on this issue. 我们需要把公众的注意力集中到这个问题上来。【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子Each day

10、is a gift, and as long as my eyes open, Ill focus the new day and all the happy memories Ive stored away.Although he tried to in the study, now and then his attention was attracted by the loud music outside.虽然他在书房里尽力集中精力读书，但时不时注意力被外面吵闹的音乐所吸引。You should what the teacher is talking in class.你应该把你的注意力集

11、中在上课老师讲的内容上。答案：on focus on his reading focus your attention on2. detail n. 细节; 具体情况(教材P6)To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 要实现你的目标, 你需要有一个好的计划, 管理好你的时间, 并注意细节。【归纳拓展】in detail详细地go into details详细叙述; 逐一说明detailed adj. 详细的; 细致的(1)Yo

12、u should set down some important details while listening to the tape. 听录音时, 你应该记下一些重要的细节。(2)I will tell you something about our celebration last week in detail. 我来给你详细介绍一下我们上周庆祝活动的情况。(3)Now Id like to go into details of the topic. 现在我想详细叙述一下这一话题。(4)I can make a detailed introduction of our splendid

13、culture. 我可以详细介绍一下我们灿烂的文化。【即时练习】单句语法填空They ignored the _ (detail) which might contribute to the accident. Wed better discuss everything _ (detail) before we work out a plan.答案：details detailed3. as a result of由于 (教材P6)As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live

14、a happy life. 由于你的行动, 你的梦想将会实现, 充满希望的是, 你将会过上幸福的生活。【归纳拓展】as a result结果result in导致, 引起result from产生于, 由引起(1)Many plants and animals have died as a result of the fire. 很多植物和动物在这场火灾中死亡。(2)As a result, we have no chance to practice oral English. 结果, 我们没有机会练习英语口语。(3)The cyclone has resulted in many thous

15、ands of deaths. 飓风已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。易混辨析as a result, as a result ofas a result意为“因此；结果”，后面的部分表示结果，用在句中常用逗号隔开as a result of意为“作为的结果；由于”，of后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示原因【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 一句多译Mary is a good student, but she failed in the final exam as a result her illness.It doesnt often rain in the summer here. a result, w

16、e have to water the vegetable garden. the big fire, thousands of people lost their homes.There was a big fire. , thousands of people lost their homes.由于这场大火，数以万计的人们失去了家园。答案：of As As a result of, As a result4. base vt. 以为基础(依据)n. 根据; 基础; 基底; 总部, 大本营(教材P7)Instead, you should set goals based on your ab

17、ilities and skills. 反而, 你应该基于你的能力和技能来设定目标。【归纳拓展】(base. . . on. . . 把建立在之上be based on基于; 以为基础as a base for作为基础/基地basic adj. 基本的; 基础的(1)I think we should base our choice on our own interest. 我认为我们应该把我们的选择建立在我们的兴趣之上。(2)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust. 很多

18、生意仍然是通过电话完成, 其中很多都是基于信任。(3)There are many good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. 选择长城作为研学旅游基地有很多好处。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (base) on facts, his story got well received as soon as it came out.Yanan used to be revolutionary base for the Red Army. (base) an important decisio

19、n more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. these facts, we can reach the following conclusions.以这些事实为基础，我们能得出以下结论。答案：Based a Basing On the base of5. remind vt. 提醒, 使想起(教材P7) This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会提醒你你在为什么工作，让你保持专注。【归纳拓展】re

20、mind. . . of. . . 使想起; 提醒remind sb. that. . . 提醒某人remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事reminder n. 引起回忆的事物; 提醒人的事物【知识延伸】v. +sb. +of sth. 短语集合cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事(1)The new functi

21、on can remind you of appointments and important dates. 新的功能可以提醒你约会和重要的日期。(2)Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train. 旅客们请注意, 本次列车禁止吸烟。(3)They will teach many traffic regulations to remind us to pay attention to traffic safety. 他们会教很多交通规则来提醒我们注意交通安全。(4) The rolling sea of clo

22、uds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. 当你站在山顶时, 你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子 _ (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. My mother often _（提醒我） keep a positive attitude towards life. 答案： Reminded reminds

23、 me to 6. stick to 坚持; 固守; 维持(教材P7)After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. 在你设定目标后, 重要的是要坚持它并为之努力。【归纳拓展】stick to sth. / doing sth. 坚持做某事; 忠于be/get stuck in 陷入.中，困在.中be stuck in the mud 陷入泥里【知识延伸】常见的“动词+to”短语turn to求助于; 致力于object to反对refer to谈到; 涉及; 参阅point to指向

24、stick to坚持; 忠于belong to属于see to注意; 料理come to共计; 苏醒(1)Perhaps he should have stuck to writing. 或许他本该坚持写作。(2)She finds it impossible to stick to a diet. 饮食老受限制, 她觉得受不了。(3)He promised to help us and he stuck to his word. 他答应过帮助我们, 他没有失信。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子 In April, thousands of holiday makers remained

25、_ (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.No matter what happens, you should always stick _ your words. He _ (陷入.中) the traffic jam and was late for the meeting. 答案：stuckto got stuck in. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚（教材P9）Give the signed proposal to Mr. Zhou. 把签了字的提案交给周先生。【归纳拓展】submit/consider/accept

26、/reject a proposal 提交审议接受拒绝一项建议propose v. 提议; 建议propose a toast (to sb) （为某人）祝酒propose to do/doing sth 打算做某事(1)His proposal that the system should be changed was rejected.他提出的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。(2)They decided to make the proposal after they noticed the trouble seniors had meanwhile.他们注意到老年人其间所遇到的问题后，决定制

27、作这份提案。 联想发散 propose和proposal后的that从句用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用(should) do形式。后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest, propose)，四要求(demand, require, request, ask)。【即时练习】单句语法填空完成句子It is proposed that another meeting _ (hold) to discuss how to give more support to the underdevelop

28、ed area. More than one person is against the _ (propose). She _(提出建议) that we should improve our working conditions.答案： (should) be held proposal put forward a proposal. aim n. & v. 目的，目标；瞄准；力争做到，目的是；针对；瞄准（教材P9）Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部宗旨:提高短篇小说写作技巧。【归纳拓展】with the aim of d

29、oing sth. 为了做某事achieve ones aim 达到某人的目的/目标take aim at 瞄准aim (sth.) at. (使某物)针对某人；(用某物)瞄准某物aim to do sth/aim at doing sth. 力求做到某事be aimed at (doing) sth. 旨在.,目的是.aimless adj. 漫无目的的aimlessly adv.without aim漫无目的地 (1)The aim of education is to teach young people to think independently and not to follow

30、others blindly.教育的目的是教年轻人独立思考而不是盲目地听从他人。(2)He went to Shanghai with the aim of finding a job.他去上海的目的是找工作。(3)I aim at memorizing ten new words by heart every day.I aim to memorize ten new words by heart every day.我力求每天熟背10个新词。 巧学妙记【即时练习】单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 (aim) at a higher target, the task is more chal

31、lenging.His brother aims (be) a policeman.She went to London (以期望找到一份工作)To talk without thinking is to shoot / (漫无目的地)This activity is aimed at improving the students ability of listening and speaking, which is very popular.(用过去分词作状语改写) ,_this activity is very popular.答案：Aimed to be with the aim of

32、finding a job. without aim/ aimless Aimed at improving the students ability of listening and speaking9. professional adj.&n. 职业的，专业的；精通业务的；专门人员（教材P9）Invite professional writers to give talks on short story writing. 邀请专业作家就短篇小说写作进行演讲。【归纳拓展】professional conduct/misconduct 职业操守；失职profession n. 职业，行业pro

33、fessionally adv. 专业地;内行地【即时练习】单句语法填空Since his childhood, Mike has dreamed of being a _ (profession) reporter. Health care _ (profession) are likely to be in great demand in the future. 【答案】 professionalprofessionals语法讲解一、句子成分句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的

34、句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。e.g. The apples are red (名词) He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) 2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。e.g. We study E

35、nglish. He is a student.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉） .e.g. He is a teacher.（名词） Five and five is ten. （数词）Tom looks thin. (形容词) The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.4.宾语（object）：动作的承受者

36、-动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the tiger?双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. 5.定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。eg. Mary is a math teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词）6. 状语： 用来修饰v., adj., adv., or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、

37、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Eg. I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.二、句子结构英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：S + V(主+谓)二：S + V + P (主+系+表)三：S + V + O（主谓宾）四：S + V +o +（主谓间宾直宾）五：S + V +（主谓宾宾补）基本句型一：（主谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy）,主格代词）（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语

38、态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S | V（不及物动词）1. We all | breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 2. They work hard.基本句型二：S（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, k

39、eep, seem等属一类，表示情况：get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。Be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well 面色好，sound nice 听起来不错，feel good 感觉好，smell bad 难闻S | V (是系动词) | P1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉词典。 2. The dinner | smells | good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. Everything | looks | diff

40、erent. 一切看来都不同了。There be结构：there be 表示“存在有”。这里的there 没有实际意义，不可与副词“there 那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物”试比较：There is a boy there. （那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there 无实意，后一个there 为副“那里”。基本句型三：S V O (主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是“代词

41、宾格”，如：me, him, themS | V (及物动词) | O1. She| knows | the answer. 她知道答案2. 4. He | enjoys | reading. 他喜欢看书。3. He | said | “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”基本句型四：S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, p

42、lease.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+直，接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+代词直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。如：Bring it to me, please.S | V (及物) | o (多指人) | O（多指物）1. I will buy my mother a sweater tomorrow.基本句型五：S V O C（主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成

43、分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。S | V (及物) | O（宾语）| C（宾补）1. I think it interesting.2. They | painted | the door | green. 他们把门漆成绿色。3. We | saw | him | out. 我们送他出去。04体系构建05记忆清单1. focus n.&v. 焦点，重点；集中focused adj. 目标清晰的，目标明确的，重点突出的2. detail n. 细节；具体情况detailed adj. 详细的，详尽的3. as a result of 由于4.tip n. 指点，实用

44、的提示:；尖端；小费5. base vt. & n. 以.为基础（依据）；根据，基础；总部，大本营basic adj. 基本的; 基础的6. remind vt. 提醒，使想起7. stick to 坚持; 固守; 维持8. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议propose v. 建议；提议9.aim n目的，意图；vi.力求达到aimless adj. 漫无目的的；没有目标的aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地；没有目标地10.style n. 风格；方式；样式11.technique n. 技巧，技艺；技能11.workshop n. 研讨会，讲习班；车间，作坊12. profe

45、ssional adj.专业的， 职业的profession n职业；专业13.material n. 材料；素材 adj. 物质的，实际的；客观存在的14.poster n. 海报；(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人06强化训练. 单词拼写1. The (重点) of the conference shifted from population growth to the education of women. 2. Tell me the main points now; leave the (细节) till later. 3. His (建议)that the system should

46、be changed was rejected. 4. The artist combines different (技巧) in the same painting. 5. She got a bank loan to rent and equip a small (车间). 6. He gave me (详细的) instructions on how to get there. 7. Shes collecting (材料) for her latest novel. 8. I had seen the (海报) for the jazz festival in Monterey. 、单

47、句语法填空1. The coach is able to focus _ the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. 2. Im now writing to tell you some relevant _(detail).3. As _ result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. 4. We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of

48、 _(come) true.5. The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”- a term referring _ papers made widely available to the public. 6. This work is starting to pay _. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. 7. It reminds her _ children dont enter life afraid

49、to take risks or unwilling to try again when they fall down. 8. Her beauty makes her the focus attention. 9. Stars apparently do not follow this （basic）principle of sportsmanship.10. If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a .（remind）11. They are aiming (reduce) unemployment by 50%

50、. 12. The sleeves covered his hands to the (tip)of his fingers. 、判断句型1.She is a very good girl. _2.The girl is very good. _3.They laughed. _4.The kites fly in the sky. _5.I bought a new bike. _6.He plays volleyball. _7.She told me a story. _8.He gave me a good book. _9.He asked me to help him. _10.H

51、e made me happy. _单句表达1.你的建议听起来很棒。( 主系表)_2.我喜欢听流行音乐和集邮。(主谓宾)_3.去年我在学校的运动会上获得了一等奖。(主谓宾状)_4.你会发现我们中国人非常友好。(主谓宾宾补)_5. 有两个人正在外面等候。(存现句)_【答案】、1.focus2. details3. proposal4. technique5. workshop 6. detailed7. material 8.poster1.on2. details3. a4. coming5. to 6. off 7. that 8.of 9.basic 10.reminder 11. to

52、reduce 12.tips 、1. 主系表2. 主系表3. 主谓4. 主谓5. 主谓宾6. 主谓宾7. 主谓双宾8. 主谓双宾9. 主谓双宾10. 主谓宾宾补1. Your suggestion sounds excellent.2. I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.3. Last year I won first prize in the school sports meeting.4. You will find us Chinese very friendly.5. There are two people waiting outside.