Unit 2 单元话题七选五练习-2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、 Unit 2 Looking Into The Future单元话题七选五练习（2023春黑龙江哈尔滨高一哈尔滨三中校考期中）ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans, has become a viral excitement. _1_ Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.The

2、intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the Internet and archived (归档) books. It is further trained by humans. _2_ “We have a lot of information on the Internet, but you normally have to

3、Google it, then read it and then do something with it,” says Ricardo. “Now youll have this resource that can process the whole Internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.”ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on.

4、As a result, the AI too! works well for things that have accurate data available. However, when unsure, Chat GPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. _3_ Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. Hence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after tha

5、t._4_ It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books. However, ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators. Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. _5_ But other educato

6、rs think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.AOpenAI reminds users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds.BThis make

7、s ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.CWeve trained a mode! called ChatGPT which interacts in a conversational way.DIt could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts.EThe AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days!FExperts believe

8、ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems.GWe know that many limitations remain as discussed above.（2023春重庆高一四川外国语大学附属外国语学校校考期中）From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company Open AI. The AI

9、 program can answer questions on a whole host of topics, and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data._6_ As Sam Altman, the CEO of Open AI, said in an interview with Forbes, “its not a

10、ctually fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.”One breakthrough behind todays model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. _7_ Transformer can therefore understand the meaning of texts more accurately with the help of the cont

11、ext.The GPT models built by Open AI combined Transformer with unguided learning. _8_ ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale of texts it learned from.“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with mistakes,” Michael Wool

12、dridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian, “because it learns information from various resources. _9_ So, at this point, ChatGPT doesnt know the truth about the world, yet.”Some argue that ChatGPT will be used to generate fake news, spread misunderstanding, or be used for

13、ill purposes. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks since students began to use it as a shortcut for essays and research projects. _10_AWhy is ChatGPT so questionable?BWhat makes ChatGPT so impressive?CHowever, deciding what is true or false

14、 is another story.DLong story short, it takes time to make proper use of this powerful AI.EThat is to say, the models can learn by themselves without being guided.FIt can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence.GIt can refer to limitless online dictionaries to identify t

15、he meaning of the word.（2023春云南高二云南省下关第一中学校考期中）China has been the birthplace of many of the worlds greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. Before the invention of paper money and coin, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. _11_

16、 This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (以货换货)._12_ In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed trade to develo

17、p between different parts of the country.In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same. _13_ The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of meta

18、l. _14_ By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first banknotes were produced by the Chinese people. _15_AAs time went by, trade between countries inc

19、reased.BPeople also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.CThey also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.DIt was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.EHowever, as the economy developed, such exchanges became impractical.FDuring that time, for example, buying a

20、 chicken might cost several potatoes.GThe very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.（2023春江苏南京高二江苏省溧水高级中学校考期中）Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed BeefIf there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder”

21、would win that award.Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive. Th

22、e company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. _16_Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks._17_ A bite can be made juicie

23、r, chewier, and the taste can also be altered._18_ The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change in

24、to muscle cells and fat cells. _19_“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and

25、 cell culture processes.”_20_ Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the w

26、orld to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.AThe company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.BIts goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as b

27、eef, chicken and even fish.CThe layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.DAdditionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.EThe meat product is the fi

28、rst of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.FIn the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether its a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf.GThe process wo

29、rks by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from.（2023春安徽高二校联考期中）What exactly is a computer? Thats not always an easy question to answer. Websters Collegiate Dictionary defines a computer as “a programmable usually electronic device that can store, retrieve(检索), and process dat

30、a”. _21_For thousands of years, people have tried to improve their lives by inventing machines to make certain tasks easier. Some people believe a simple mechanical device called an “abacus” was one of the earliest forms of a computer. _22_ Archaeologists have found evidence that the ancient Greeks

31、used the abacus as early as the 5th century BCModern computers were developed much more recently. The first modern electronic computerknown as the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer or ENIACbecame operational in 1946. Weighing more than 30 tons, ENIAC took up as much space as 1,800 square

32、feet. _23_ While ENIAC could perform 5,000 addition problems per second, many of todays laptop computers weigh just a few pounds and can perform several billion operations per second._24_ Large desktop computers gave way to laptops. Laptops have developed into a wide variety of even smaller computin

33、g devices, such as netbooks and tablet computers. Many people even carry computers with them everywhere they go. Smartphonescellular telephones with advanced computing capabilitiesfit easily into a pocket and allow their users to make telephone calls, surf the Internet, and conduct business on the g

34、o.So whats the smallest computer available today? As of 2015, the smallest computer is just one cubic millimeter. However, todays computer manufacturers are constantly producing newer and smaller models at a rate too fast to keep up with. _25_AToday, we rely on computers for all sorts of things.BTod

35、ays computers keep getting smaller and smaller.CAncient people used the device to perform simple calculations(计算).DSince then, computers have become much smaller and much more powerful.EOthers think a computer is anything that transforms information in a meaningful way.FModern laptops are slow compa

36、red to modern supercomputers. GWhatever is smallest today will probably be replaced with something even smaller tomorrow!（2023吉林长春吉大附中实验学校校考一模）When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out. They tied up t

37、heir own stuff, and checked in with neighbors to ensure everyone had enough food and water. _26_, rising along with the water and going back to its original position after the rain stopped. A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the

38、top of the waters surface. _27_, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid. They are structurally similar to houses built on land. _28_. Siti Boelen, the Schoonschip resident, says that when she first moved in, stormy weather made

39、 her think twice. “You feel it in your stomach,” she says, adding that she has gotten used to the feeling. Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system. _29_. “If there are floods, its expected that many people will move to higher grou

40、nd. But the alternative is to stay close to coastal cities and explore expansion onto the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. “_30_. Thats unavoidable merely half a century away. We need to start now to increase the scale of floating developments.”AThey then boarded their floating housesBBut the benefits

41、may outweigh the costsCSince floating houses are on the increaseDWe feel safer in a storm because we are floatingEUnlike houseboat which can easily be moved and relocatedFHundreds of millions of people will be displaced by sea level riseGSevere wind and rain, or even the passing ships, can rock the

42、buildings（2023春湖南长沙高三雅礼中学统考阶段练习）The recent pandemic has affected all aspects of life, including the way we live. Our homes are no longer single - purpose spaces. Instead they now serve as offices, gyms, workshops, classrooms, etc. _31_A better entrance will catch on. _32_ In smaller units, it might

43、be created by a single wall that blocks views through the unit and creates a sense of enclosure. But it needs to be accompanied by a front - hall closet. _33_ When thoughtfully designed, the dining rooms can quickly alter from dining mode to working mode. Moreover, room sizes could also change - to

44、create chances for adaptation. For example, a windowless alcove (壁凹) can be closed off with sliding glass doors. It can be a space where you can set up a home officer a library, or a learning space for children. Access to the outdoors will be welcome. After spending so much time indoors, having acce

45、ss to fresh air and nature at home is likely to become essential. One way to provide - a - closer connection to nature may be with larger courtyard gardens. _34_ After all. fresh air is important for weliness ?Advanced technology will be adopted. _35_ That will lead to more widespread adoption of sm

46、art - home technology. “Maybe its going to become a new standard. Youll be able to talk to the elevator. Or your door will unlock itself when you come home.” an engineer said.AAn entrance isnt necessarily a separate room.BMore flexible spaces will become a trend.CNo wonder architects have predicted

47、various advanced home designs.DThere is growing awareness of reducing touching surfaces to avoid viruses.EHomes in the future could easily be like what we see in the sci - fi movies.FOr it could be accomplished with more balconies with planting areas.GWe will embrace spaces with more artistic ideas.

48、（2023高二课时练习）With the development of science and technology, our daily life is becoming more varied and more convenient. At the same time, life in the late 21st century will be different from that nowadays, because many changes will take place then, but what will the changes be?_36_ There will be mor

49、e and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than today.Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. _37_People will work fewer hours than they do now. They will have more free time for sports, watching TV and traveling. Traveling

50、will be much cheaper and easier. _38_39_ More land will be used to build new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day. Instead they eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier thanks to tha

51、t.Work in the future will be different, too. _40_ Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.AThe population is growing fast.BRobots are most useful in the future.CThere will be changes in our food, too.DDangerous and hard work will be done by robots.EThe po

52、pulation is becoming smaller and smaller.FAnd more people will go to other countries for travel.GAnd computer study will be one of the important subjects at school.参考答案：1E 2B 3A 4F 5D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT的走红引发公众的关注，它有着广泛的应用但同时也有不足之处。1根据前文的“ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations jus

53、t like humans, has become a viral excitement.（由OpenAI设计的聊天GPT可以像人类一样进行对话，它已经成为一种走红般的兴奋。）”可知， ChatGPT非常受人欢迎，E项（人工智能工具在短短五天内就从零用户增长到了100万用户！）证实了前文的说法，后文“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies.（它为用户的问题提供深入解答的能力甚至引起了知名

54、科技公司的注意。）”承接该选项内容，进一步说明ChatGPT越来越引起人们的关注。故选E项。2根据前文的“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense. Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the Internet and archived books. It is further trained by humans.（智能机器人能理解用户说什么或键入什么，然后以合理

55、的方式做出反应。它的大量知识都是从互联网上和存档的书籍中收集。它是由人类进一步训练的。）”可知，B项（这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具。）承接上文，说明ChatGPT可以应用的范围是广泛的。故选B项。3根据前文的“ChatGPT cannot think on its own. It depends on the information that it has been trained on. As a result, the AI too! works well for things that have accurate data available. However, w

56、hen unsure, Chat GPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses. （ChatGPT无法独立思考。这取决于它所训练的信息。因此，人工智能也是如此！适用于有准确数据可用的情况。然而，当不确定时，Chat GPT可能会发挥创意，并产生不正确的响应。）”可知，A项（OpenAI提醒用户，无论信息听起来多么合乎逻辑，都要检查信息。）承接上文，说明了ChatGPT不能完全产生人们需要的东西，下文的“ Also, ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021. H

57、ence, it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that.（此外，ChatGPT在2021年之前只接受过信息培训。因此，在那之后发生的任何事情都不能依赖它。）” 承接该选项内容，进一步指出了ChatGPT的不足之处。故选A项。4根据后文的“It can translate long texts into different languages, create content on almost any topic, and even summarize books.（它可以将长文本翻译成不同的语言，创建几乎任何主题

58、的内容，甚至可以总结书籍。）”可知，F项（专家认为，ChatGPT在解决现实世界问题方面具有无限的潜力。）承接上文，指出ChatGPT无限潜力的具体体现。故选F项。5根据前文的“Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom. （一些人认为，它可以作为一个有价值的工具，帮助在课堂上培养识字技能。）”可知，D项（它也可以用来教学生困难的科学或数学概念。）承接上文，指出ChatGPT可以发挥的作用，与后文的“But other educators think

59、ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat. They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills. As a result, many districts are starting to ban its use in schools.（但其他教育工作者认为ChatGPT会鼓励学生作弊。他们担心这会阻碍他们培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力。因此，许多地区开始禁止在学校使用它。）”形成了转折关系，这些内容与前文的“However,

60、ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators.（然而，ChatGPT收到了教育工作者的不同反应。）”相呼应。故选D项。6B 7F 8E 9C 10D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由美国Open AI公司推出的ChatGPT可以回答一系列的主题问题，并撰写散文、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文体。6根据空后“As Sam Altman, the CEO of Open AI, said in an interview with Forbes, “its not actually fundamentally new technolo

61、gy that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.” (正如Open AI公司的首席执行在一次采访中说道：实际上并不是新技术让这项技术（ChatGPT）有了一席之地。 )”可知，空后提出并不是新的技术让ChatGPT有了一席之地，故此处B项“什么让ChatGPT如此的令人印象深刻呢？”符合语境，本空出提出问题，空后用Sam Altman在采访中的话回答问题，故选B项。7根据空后“Transformer can therefore understand the meaning of texts more accurately with the help of t

62、he context. (因此，Transformer可以在上下文的帮助下更准确地理解文本的意思。)”可知，空后提出了结果，故F项“通过判断单词出现在句子中的位置来推断单词的意思。”符合，F项说明原因，它可以根据单词在句中的位置来判断其意思，因此能更准确地理解文本的意思，故选F项。8根据空前“The GPT models built by Open AI combined Transformer with unguided learning. (Open AI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合。)”可知，E项“也就是说，模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学。”是前文的顺义承接，是

63、对前文的解释说明，Open AI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合，也就是说模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学，故选E项。9根据空后“So, at this point, ChatGPT doesnt know the truth about the world, yet. (因此，在这一点上，ChatGPT还不知道世界的真相。)”可知，空后给出结果，因此它不知道世界的真相，故此处C项“然而，决定什么是真的，什么是假的又是另一回事了。”符合，因为它无法决定什么是真，什么是假，因此它并不知道世界的真相，故选C项。10根据空前“As for education, many US s

64、chools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks since students began to use it as a shortcut for essays and research projects. (对于教育，很多美国学校最近禁止学生在学校网络上使用ChatGPT，因为学生开始将它作为论文和研究项目的快捷方式。)”可知，空前提出学校禁止学生使用，是因为学生通过它在学习上走捷径，故D项“长话短说，正确使用强大的AI 还需要时间。”符合，因为学生的不正当使用，因此正确使用AI还需要时间，故选D项。1

65、1F 12E 13C 14G 15D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了货币在中国的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属货币，最后发明了纸币，中国是世界上最早发明贝壳货币、金属货币和纸币的国家。11根据上文“Before the invention of paper money and coin, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. (在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用许多不同种类的东西进行买卖。)”可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖；选项F“During that time, for exampl

66、e, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. (例如，在那段时间里，买一只鸡可能要花几个土豆。)”用一个例子来说明那个时代用交换不同的东西进行买卖，选项中的“During that time”指代上文“Before the invention of paper money and coin”；下文“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (以货换货).(这种商品和服务与其他商品和服务的交换被称为物物交换。)”，对上

67、文的这种买卖行为进行了定义。故选 F。12上文第一段讲述了在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用以货换货进行买卖；下文“In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed trade to develop between different parts of the country.

68、(公元前1200年，中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币。通常用作货币的贝壳都很小。这使得人们更容易远距离携带货币，并促进了国内不同地区之间的贸易发展。)”说明随着时代的发展，新的买卖形式出现，以货换货被货币买卖所取代，在公元前 1200 年中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币，贝壳便于携带，促进了贸易的发展；E选项“However, as the economy developed, such exchanges became impractical.(然而，随着经济的发展，这种交换变得不切实际。)”承接第一段，说明随着经济发展以货换货变得不切实际，此句承上启下，选项中的“such exchanges”指代第一

69、段中的“bartering”，符合语境。故选E。13由上文“In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same.(在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做。)”可知，在中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币之后，许多国家也开始使用贝壳作为货币；由此可知，C选项“They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.(他们也使用小贝壳作为买卖的货币。)”符合语境，选项中的“The

70、y”指代上文中的“many other countries”。故选C。14上文“It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.(没过多久，中国人就用金属制造了圆形硬币。)”介绍了货币的进一步的发展，即中国人制造了圆形硬币；G选项“The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.(最初的硬币上通常有洞，这样人们就可以把它们串在一起。)”承接上文，对当时的圆形硬币进行描述，符合语境。故选G。15

71、上文“About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.(大约一千年后，皮革在中国被用作货币，公元806年，中国人印制了第一张纸币。)”进一步介绍货币的发展历程，中国是最早发明纸币的国家；D选项“It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.(许多年后纸币才在欧洲出现)”说明其他国家使用纸币比中国晚了

72、很多年，符合语境，选项中的“paper currency”与上文“banknotes”意义一致。故选D。16B 17C 18G 19F 20A【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。16上文“The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US.”(该公司成立于2019年，在以色列和比利时设有办事处，目前正在将业务扩展至美国)提出公司在拓展业务，B选项“其目标是创造可持续的肉类产品，以取代

73、牛肉、鸡肉甚至鱼等肉类”承接上文，进一步展望其远景目标，上下文语意连贯。故选B。17上文“Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞来生产打印牛肉，肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水打印)介绍打印牛肉的成分构成。C选项“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验”承接上文，介绍打印牛肉中的技术细节

74、：可以通过调配比例打印出不同风味的牛肉，上下文语意连贯，都是介绍打印牛肉相关技术。故选C。18下文“The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield.”(这些细胞是从能提供最佳肉类和产量的动物身上挑选出来的)中出现特指的名词“The cells”，结合指代关系可知，上文中会出现该名词，G项“The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from.”(该过程的工作原理是首先选择要

75、从中提取干细胞的动物)中出现“the stem cells”，与下文构成照应关系。同时，G项与下文一起介绍了使用牛的干细胞来生产打印牛肉的步骤。故选G。19根据上文“The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate n

76、umbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.”(这些细胞选自能够提供最佳肉类和产量的动物。下一步是增殖，将细胞放入营养丰富的反应器中增殖。当细胞达到适当的数量时，干细胞会变成肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞)可知，这一段主要介绍打印牛肉的制作过程。选项F“在最后的步骤中，肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞被转化为肉，准备加工成最终产品，无论是汉堡、牛排，甚至是肉饼”和上文意思一致，其中“In the final steps”与上文“The next step”相照应。故选F。20根据下文“Its patent for 3D-bioprintin

77、g technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists.”(其3D生物打印技术的专利是其3D打印工程师和细胞生物学家密切合作的结果)可知，这一段主要介绍公司取得的成绩。A选项“自成立以来，该公司已经取得了几个里程碑式的成就”是段首主题句。故选A。21E 22C 23D 24B 25G【导语】这是一篇说明文，简要讲述了计算机的发展史。21上文“What exactly is a computer? Thats not always an ea

78、sy question to answer.(计算机到底是什么？这并不总是一个容易回答的问题。)”提出了什么是计算机的问题。接下来给出了韦伯斯特大学词典的定义，所以这里应该是此问题的另一种解释。选项E“另一些人则认为计算机是以一种有意义的方式转换信息的东西。”正是对首句问题做的回答，且与前一句相照应，符合语境。故选E。22上文“Some people believe a simple mechanical device called an abacus was one of the earliest forms of a computer.(一些人认为，一种名为算盘的简单机械设备是计算机最早的

79、形式之一。)”提到了历史上最早的一种计算设备，选项C“古人用这种设备进行简单的计算”承接上文，句中的“the device”与上一句的“a simple mechanical device called an abacus”所指相同。故选C。23上文“Weighing more than 30 tons, ENIAC took up as much space as 1,800 square feet.(ENIAC重达30多吨，占据了1 800平方英尺的空间。)”讲述了早期计算机的重量太重，下文“While ENIAC could perform 5,000 addition problems

80、 per second, many of todays laptop computers weigh just a few pounds and can perform several billion operations per second.(虽然ENIAC每秒可以执行5 000个附加问题，但当今许多笔记本电脑的重量只有几磅，每秒可以执行数十亿次操作。)”讲述了如今电脑的进步之处，即运行快、体重小，所以这里说的应是现代计算机的发展。选项D“从那时起，计算机变得更小、更强大”承上启下。故选D。24空处是本段主题句。下文“Large desktop computers gave way to

81、laptops. Laptops have developed into a wide variety of even smaller computing devices, such as netbooks and tablet computers.(大型台式电脑被笔记本电脑取代。笔记本电脑已经发展成各种更小的计算设备，如上网本和平板电脑。)”说的是计算机变得越来越小。由此推断，本段主要讲述了计算机变得越来越小，选项B“今天的计算机变得越来越小”最能概括该段大意。故选B。25上文“However, todays computer manufacturers are constantly pro

82、ducing newer and smaller models at a rate too fast to keep up with.(然而，今天的计算机制造商不断地以无法匹及的速度生产更新和更小的型号。)”讲述了计算机一直在更新换代，变得越来越小。选项G“无论今天最小的计算机是什么，明天都有可能会被更小的计算机取代！”与前一句相照应，进一步说明了计算机在体积上的快速改进。故选G。26A 27E 28G 29B 30F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了对抗暴风雨的新方法漂浮房屋。26下文“rising along with the water and going back to its or

83、iginal position after the rain stopped. (随着水的上升，雨停后又回到原来的位置。)”，及第二段开头“A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the top of the waters surface. (浮动房屋可以在任何海岸线上建造，并且能够通过留在水面顶部来应对海平面上升。)”可知，在暴雨来临时人们就登上了浮动房屋，雨停后就会回到原来的位置。A项“They then boarded

84、 their floating houses (然后他们登上了他们的浮动房屋)”与上下文一致。故选A。27根据下文“floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid.(漂浮房屋固定在岸边，通常连接到当地的下水道系统和电网。)”和“They are structurally similar to houses built on land. (它们在结构上类似于在陆地上建造的房屋。)可知，此处讲述漂浮房屋的建立，下文用陆地房屋

85、与漂浮房屋进行比较，E项“Unlike houseboat which can easily be moved and relocated (不像可以很容易地移动和重新安置的的游艇)”符合语境，说明了漂浮房屋与游艇不一样，需要固定在岸边，不移动和重新安置。故选E。28根据下文“Siti Boelen, the Schoonschip resident, says that when she first moved in, stormy weather made her think twice. “You feel it in your stomach,” she says, adding th

86、at she has gotten used to the feeling. (Schoonschip居民Siti Boelen说，当她第一次搬进来时，暴风雨的天气让她三思。“你感受到你的胃在翻腾，”她说，并补充说她已经习惯了这种感觉。)”可知，居民Siti Boelen对于暴风雨天气起初很紧张，后来逐渐习惯，因此推断空处应是讲述暴风雨中的情况，G项“Severe wind and rain, or even the passing ships, can rock the buildings (狂风暴雨，甚至是过往的船只，都会撼动建筑物)”符合上下文，故选G。29根据上文“Floating h

87、omes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system. (漂浮房屋还需要额外的基础设施和工作来连接到电网和下水道系统。)可知，浮动房屋的建造需要额外基础设施的建立和额外的工作，因此需要资金投入，结合下文“If there are floods, its expected that many people will move to higher ground. But the alternative is to stay close to coasta

88、l cities and explore expansion onto the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. (“如果发生洪水，预计许多人将搬到更高的地方。但一种选择是留在沿海的城市，探索向水上扩张”Rutger de Graaf说。)”可知，如果发生洪水，人们会搬到高处，但是也可以选择探索向水上扩张，因此推断虽然浮动房屋的建造会需要大量开支，但是如果发生洪水，浮动房屋的会有益处，因此推断带来的收益可能大于开支，B项“But the benefits may outweigh the costs(浮动房屋的收益可能大于开支)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。30根据下

89、文“Thats unavoidable merely half a century away. We need to start now to increase the scale of floating developments. (这在半个世纪之后是不可避免的。我们需要从现在开始，扩大浮动开发的规模。)”可知，that指代上文提到的事情，空处应是讲述不可避免的事情，承接上文浮动房屋是为了应对洪水爆发，海平面上升，因此推断不可避免的事情是指发生洪水，海平面上升，人们会流离失所，F项“Hundreds of millions of people will be displaced by sea

90、 level rise(数亿人将因海平面上升而流离失所)”符合语境，下文倡导现在就需要开始漂浮房屋的研发。故选F。31C 32A 33B 34F 35D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情影响下家的用途的变化以及未来可能的公寓设计方向。31根据前句“Our homes are no longer single-purpose spaces. Instead they now serve as offices, gyms, workshops, classrooms, etc.(我们的家不再是单一用途的空间，而是会有办公室、健身房、工作室和教室等功能。)”可知，未来的家会有在设计上的新变

91、化。C项“No wonder architects have predicted various advanced home designs.(难怪许多建筑师预测了许多先进的房屋设计。)”符合语境。故选C。32根据前句“A better entrance will catch on.(一个更好的大门将会流行起来。)”可知，这一部分讨论的内容是大门。A项“An entrance isnt necessarily a separate room.(大门不一定是单独的房间。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。33根据后句“When thoughtfully designed, the dining room

92、s can quickly alter from dining mode to working mode.(经过精心设计，餐厅可以快速从用餐模式切换到工作模式。)”以及“Moreover, room sizes could also change to create chances for adaptation.(此外，房间的大小也可以改变以创造更多的适应性的机会。)”和示例中的“For example, a windowless alcove(壁凹)can be closed off with sliding glass doors.(例如，无窗壁龛可以用滑动玻璃门关闭。)”可知，这部分内容

93、是关于房间的功能和大小的灵活性变化。B项“More flexible spaces will become a trend.(更多的灵活空间会是一个趋势。)”符合语境。故选B。34根据本段第二句“After spending so much time indoors, having access to fresh air and nature at home is likely to become essential.(在室内呆了这么长时间后，能在家里接触新鲜空气和大自然变得至关重要。)”和前句“One way to provide a closer connection to nature

94、may be with larger courtyard gardens.(一种和大自然更亲密接触的方式是拥有更大的庭院花园。)”推知，空处陈述房屋有利于接近大自然的设计。F项“Or it could be accomplished with more balconies with planting areas.(或者可以用更多有种植面积的阳台来实现。)”是接触自然的另外一种方式。符合语境。故选F。35根据本段第一句“Advanced technology will be adopted.(将采用先进技术。)”和后文“Youll be able to talk to the elevator.

95、(你可以和电梯说话。)”和“Or your door will unlock itself when you come home(或者你回家的时候门会自己打开)”可知，这段是在讲关于新科技的使用，而使用语音指令和门自动上锁的这种高科技方式的原因就是疫情以来人们希望减少接触事物表面、对于病毒越来越觉醒的防范意识。所以选项D“There is growing awareness of reducing touching surfaces to avoid viruses.(人们越来越意识到减少接触表面以避免感染病毒)”符合上下文语境。故选D。36A 37G 38F 39C 40D【导语】这是一篇说

96、明文。文章主要介绍了将来人们的生活会有什么变化，分别从人口增长、计算机、工作时间、饮食和工作五个方面做了说明。36下文“There will be more and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than today.(世界上将会有越来越多的人，他们中的大多数将会比今天活得更长。)”指出未来人口会越来越多，空处应该引起下文，指出人口增加，A项“The population is growing fast.(人口增长很快。)”符合，和下文是因果关系，故选A。37上文“Computers will be muc

97、h smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home( 计算机将会变得更小更有用，每个家庭至少会有一台计算机)”指出计算机应用广泛，空处应该承接上文，继续围绕计算机进行描写，G项“And computer study will be one of the important subjects at school.(计算机学习将是学校的重要课程之一。)”符合，故选G。38上文“They will have more free time for sports, watching TV and travelin

98、g. Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(旅行将会更加便宜和容易。)”指出旅行将会更加便宜和容易，空处应该承接上文，指出这造成的结果，即更多的人将会出国旅游，F项“And more people will go to other countries for travel.(更多的人会去其他国家旅游。)”符合，故选F。39下文“More land will be used to build new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat

99、will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day. Instead they eat more vegetables and fruit. (更多的土地将被用来建造新的城镇和房屋。这样牛羊的生存空间就会减少，所以肉类的价格就会上涨。也许没人会天天吃。相反，他们吃更多的蔬菜和水果。)”主要介绍了未来人们的饮食情况，C项“There will be changes in our food, too. (我们的食物也会发生变化。)”能概括本段内容，故选C。40根据下文“Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do.(正因为如此，许多人将没有足够的工作做。)”可知，空处应该引起下文，指出造成人们没有足够工作的原因，D项“Dangerous and hard work will be done by robots.(危险和艰苦的工作将由机器人完成。)”符合，故选D。