Unit 3 重点单词变形词组短语句型练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）.docx

1、Unit 3 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习(知识点全覆盖)重点单词变形1shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的shine v闪光2association n协会，社团associate vt.联系3muddy adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的mud n泥4shot n投球，射球，击球shoot v射击，射中5sharpen vt.使提高，使改进sharp adj.尖的，锋利的6expectation n预料，预期expect v预料，期待7remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的remark v谈论8vivid adj.生动的，逼真的vividly adv.生动地9assign v分配，分

2、派assignment n分配的任务10steely adj.钢铁般的；坚定的steel n钢铁11cooperation n合作，协作cooperate v合作，协作12intense adj.紧张的，激烈的intension n紧张核心短语1a far cry from.与大不相同2at the time当时3give way倒塌，向下垮4follow in ones footsteps仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业5carry on继续6beyond ones expectations超出某人的预期7in a row连续地8in all directions朝着四面八方9as a

3、result结果10day in and day out日复一日11set out to do sth.开始做某事12throw away扔掉13roller skating滑旱冰14burst onto突然出现在(指突然成功)15pay off取得成功16contribute to导致17thanks to多亏了18ups and downs起起伏伏19set off出发一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1They ultimately approved of the _ (cooperate) between the two countries.2The ball _ (bounce) acro

4、ss the ground and rolled up to my feet. 3Police were reported _(seize) all copies of this mornings edition of the newspaper.4Our school wont tolerate_(cheat) in exams. If caught, you will get severely punished.5The success of our plan depends on your _(cooperate). 6_(encourage) children to stay in t

5、ouch with nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.7Her encouragement determined me _(carry) on with the work.8Ann _(sharpen) her pencil and took out her homework.9Shes going to India on a special _ (assign) for her newspaper.10Work hard, and all your efforts will pay _.11They still carrie

6、d on_(walk) to the park in spite of the bad weather.12My neighbors volunteered _（take） care of my pet dog while I was on vacation last summer. 13Since then, she _(compete) in more than 26 marathons, often finishing among the fastest women runners.14She showed _（remark）courage when she heard the bad

7、news. 15The world record was _(previous) held by a Spanish athlete.16In 2001 Mr Khaled burst _ screens with his show “Words from the Heart”. 17Last October, while _（tend）her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. 18We should seiz

8、e every opportunity _ (develop) the economy.19Task _（assign）is the selection of a person or group that will he responsible for a task. 20It is wise _(assign) special exercises to the weaker students. 21The professors present at the meeting exchanged a few _ (remark) in a low voice when the chairman

9、made a speech. 22Obama made a _ speech after being elected president. His _ inspired many American people. (remark)23Im so grateful to all those _(volunteer) because they helped my terrible day end happily. 24We plan to finish the adjustment to the _(equip) before Sunday. 25The firm has better produ

10、cts than its _(compete). 26Im determined to go all out to live up to my parents _(expect).27He cant adjust _(he)to the pace of modern life in this big city.28Many words in _(associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.29Many fans are always collecting a lot of information _(associate)with

11、 their favourite stars.30_(respond)to all the letters she wrote would be a great burden for her busy father. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词31In the light of the_(泥泞的) field, the football team wore their old uniforms.32Being _(暴露) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.33It is the walking and _(慢跑) th

12、at got his weight down.34However, the North American market continues to_(反弹)back strongly from the lows of 2009.35A heavy_(脚步声)was now heard in the passage, and Angel went out.36We got excited when our school football team _ (战胜) theirs at yesterdays game.37But when you get to college, youll probab

13、ly find that _ (维持) friendships requires mutual appreciation (相互欣赏). 38The machine proved highly valuable in heart _(外科手术).39For example, you might _（分配）each order a unique order number. 40His victory in the _（锦标赛）earned him $50,000. 41This place called up _（生动的）memories. 42This series is produced i

14、n _(合作) with HongKong TV. 43I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his _(对手). 44The _(钢铁般的), strong bone structure is covered with highly-developed muscles.45Eat, drink, and be merry-thats his _(人生哲学).46A man in a (n) _ (鲜艳的) grey suit sat on the other side of the bar.47Tom was _(欺骗) out of

15、 all of his money. 48Although her project got struck in the process of finding cure for malaria, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge _(挫败).49My muscle may be not strong enough for such an _ (激烈的)sport.50We must _(抓住)every opportunity to improve our operational efficiency. 三、完成句子51拥有健康的生活方式包括遵循均衡的饮食。（doi

16、ng动名词短语作主语）_involves following a balanced diet.52把目光从人们身上移开会使我看上去对此事不感兴趣。（动名词短语做主语）_ will make me appear to be uninterested in it.53任何教师都不会赞成考试作弊。No teacher can _ in exams.54节食可以帮助你减肥。_ _ _ _can help you lose weight.55解决问题的最好方法是直面问题，而不是逃避问题。Facing up to your problems _ is the best approach to solvin

17、g them.56去年他抓住了一次周游世界的机会。He_ to travel around the world last year.57理解你自己的需要和交流风格与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。_ as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5870%的食物已经送到了洪灾地区。（carry）Seventy percent of the food _.59根据我所见到的，我认为他会是一个好领导。_ (=On the basis of) what I saw, Id say he will be a good le

18、ader.60要经过相当长的一段时间我才能适应新的工作环境。（adjust）It will take me quite a while _.四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。For soccer fans around the world, the FIFA World Cup is a big event that cant _61_(miss). This year, its being held in Qatar. At the end of March, its _62_(office) ball was announced.C

19、alled “AI Rihla”, _63_means “the journey” in Arabic, the ball _64_(represent) the culture of Qatar. Its design has been inspired by the countys architecture, its flag and its iconic (标志性的) boats.To adapt to the speeds of todays sport, the ball is designed _65_(be) high tech. The ball has first-rank

20、shape and air retention (气密性). On the outside, it has 20 panels. _66_(follow) the laws of aerodynamics (空气动力学), the panels and surface material improve the balls _67_(accurate) and fight stability, noted the Qatar Tribune website. _68_ account of this design, the ball is considered the fastest and m

21、ost accurate ball to date.The design of the ball also keeps sustainability (持续性) as _69_ top priority because its the first World Cup ball made with water-based inks and glues only.“This is a stunning, sustainable and high-quality official match ball that will be enjoyed by stars _70_ well as grassr

22、oots players everywhere,” Jean-Francois Pathy, FIFAs Director of Marketing, said in a statement.参考答案：1cooperation【详解】考查名词。句意：他们最终同意两国开展合作。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填名词cooperation，作谓语approved of的宾语。故填cooperation。2bounced【详解】考查时态。句意：球在地上弹了一下，滚到了我的脚边。当句子中有两个或两个以上的谓语动词共用同一个主语时，一般谓语动词的时态要求保持一致，由rolled可知，空处谓语是一般过去式，根据

23、英文提示，故填bounced。3to have seized【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，警方已没收了今天早报的所有报纸。句中were reported为谓语，设空处应该是用非谓语动词。be reported to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被报道做某事”，同时seize意为“占领，控制，扣押”为动词，该动作先于report发生。故使用to do不定式的完成式结构。故填to have seized。4cheating【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们学校不会容忍考试作弊。如果被抓住，你将受到严厉的惩罚。tolerate doing sth. (容忍做某事)，cheat用动名词形式作宾

24、语。故填cheating。5cooperation【详解】考查名词。句意：我们计划的成功取决于你的合作。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词，由此可知，此处使用名词cooperation，作depend on的宾语。故填cooperation。6Encouraging【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为，鼓励孩子们接触大自然，从长远来看会对他们有好处。作句子的主语应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Encouraging。7to carry【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的鼓励使我决心继续这项工作。determine sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使某人决心做某事”，所以空处

25、应用动词不定式形式。故填to carry。8sharpened【详解】考查时态。句意：安削尖了铅笔，拿出了作业。结合后文的took可知句子时态是一般过去时，动词sharpen使用过去式sharpened符合题意。故填sharpened。9assignment【详解】考查名词。句意：她要去印度为她的报纸执行一项特别任务。分析句子可知，“special”为形容词，后接名词，“assign”意为“指派”，动词词性，对应的名词为“assignment”，意为“任务”，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数，故空格处应填“assignment”，作介词“on”的宾语。故填assignment。10off【详解】

26、考查固定短语。句意：努力工作，你所有的努力将会得到得到回报的。结合语意，空处应用副词off，构成短语pay off，表示“取得成功，得到回报”，符合句意。故填off。11walking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管天气不好，他们仍继续朝公园走去。分析句子结构可知，空格前是介词on，所以后面用动名词形式，作宾语。carry on doing，“继续做某事”的意思。故填walking。12to take【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：去年夏天我度假时，我的邻居自愿照顾我的宠物狗。根据前文volunteer可知，其后面要接动词不定式来作宾语，故答案为to take。13has competed【详

27、解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从那以后，她参加了超过26场马拉松比赛，经常是跑得最快的女性选手之一。分析句子可知，compete(参加比赛)是句中谓语动词，与主语she之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语Since then，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填has competed。14remarkable【详解】考查形容词。句意：当听到这个坏消息时，她表现出了惊人的勇气。根据句子分析可知，此处应用形容词修饰courage，意为“惊人的，非凡的”，故填remarkable。15previously【详解】考查副词。句意：世界纪录之前由一名西班

28、牙运动员保持。分析句子可知，空处应填副词作状语修饰动词held，结合语意可知，此处意为“以前”，空处应用previously。故填previously。16onto【详解】考查固定短语。句意：2001年，Khaled先生凭借他的节目心里话登上荧屏。此处为短语burst onto表示“出现”。故填onto。17tending【详解】考查省略。句意：去年十月，当Lena Pahlsson在瑞典莫拉料理花园时，她挖出一把小胡萝卜并打算扔掉它们。状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语一致，从句中用到了be动词，可以省略主语和be动词。此处为while引导时间状语从句，其完整句式为：while Lena Pah

29、lsson was tending her garden in Mora ，省略了主语和be动词，故应用现在分词，故填tending。18to develop【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该抓住一切机会发展经济。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“seize”且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，抓住一切机会的目的是发展经济，空格处应用不定式作目的状语，“develop”意为“发展”，动词词性，故空格处应填“to develop”。故填to develop。19assignment【详解】考查名词。句意：任务分配是选择将负责某项任务的人员或组。名词assignment意为“分配”

30、，在该句中位于句子首作主语。故填assignment。20to assign【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：给学习较差的学生布置特殊的练习题是明智的做法。根据句子分析可知，此处因为“it is+adj+to do”句型，it为形式主语，to do为真正的主语，故填to assign。21remarks【详解】考查名词。句意：当主席演讲时，在座的教授小声地交流着想法。根据句子分析可知，此处为名词作宾语，且空前有a few修饰，故应用名词的复数，故填remarks。22 remarkable remarks【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：选举为总统后，奥巴马做了一个轰动的演讲。他的言论鼓励了很多美国

31、人。根据句子分析可知，空1为形容词修饰名词speech，意为“轰动的，了不起的”，故填remarkable；空2为名词作主语，且remark“言论，评论”为可数名词，此处意为复数，故填remarks。故答案为remarkable，remarks。23volunteers【详解】考查名词单复数。句意：我非常感谢所有的志愿者，因为他们帮助我度过了糟糕的一天。名词volunteer意为“志愿者”，作宾语，是可数名词，根据该空前的those ，该句中的volunteer应该用复数形式volunteers。故填volunteers。24equipment【详解】考查名词。句意：我们计划在星期天之前完成设

32、备调试。因空前有定冠词the修饰，可知此空应填equip的名词形式作宾语。因equipment是不可数名词，可知此空应填单数形式。故填equipment。25competitors【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司比竞争对手有更好的产品。由介词than可知，此处应用名词作宾语，且根据句意可知，应用名词competitor(竞争者)，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数，故填competitors。26expectations【详解】考查名词。句意：我决心全力以赴不辜负父母的期望。短语live up to ones expectations表示“不辜负某人的期望”，设空处缺少名词复数expectat

33、ions作宾语。故填expectations。27himself【详解】考查反身代词。句意：他无法适应这个大城市现代生活的节奏。根据句意，此处考查短语adjust oneself to，表示“使某人适应”，设空处与主语He保持一致，故用反身代词himself。故填himself。28association【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：许多与西方生活有关的单词起源于西班牙语。in association with固定搭配，意为“与有联系”。填association。29associated【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意：许多粉丝总是收集大量与他们最喜欢的明星相关的信息。根据句子结构，此处应填非谓

34、语动词。根据句意，此处考查短语associate sth. with sth.，表示“将与联系起来”。Information与associate是动宾关系，故用过去分词，作后置定语，故填associated。30Responding【详解】考查动名词。句意：回复她写的所有信件对她忙碌的父亲来说是一个巨大的负担。分析句子可知，would be为谓语动词，句子缺少主语，空处在此句中作主语，故空处应用动名词作主语。故填Responding。31muddy【详解】考查形容词。句意：鉴于足球场泥泞，足球队队员们穿着旧队服。根据汉语提示可知，muddy泥泞的，形容词作定语修饰空后名词field，符合题意。

35、故填muddy。32exposed【详解】考查动名词的被动结构。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下会对你的皮肤造成伤害。根据汉语提示，设空处应填动词expose，常用短语为expose.to.，设空处作句子的主语，应用动名词；expose与逻辑主语your skin之间为动宾关系，故用动名词的被动结构being exposed to.，设空处应填过去分词。故填exposed。 33jogging【详解】考查动名词。句意：散步和慢跑使他的体重下降。分析句子可知，句中使用了强调句型，被强调部分“the walking and _(慢跑)”是原句主语，结合连词and和汉语提示可知，应用动名词jogging作主

36、语。故填jogging。34bounce【详解】考查动词。句意：然而，北美市场继续从2009年的低点强劲反弹。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词bounce“反弹”。空前为动词不定式符号to，所以空处需要动词原形。故填bounce。35footstep【详解】考查名词。句意：现在在通道里听到了沉重的脚步声，然后Angel出去了。根据汉语提示及空前被A修饰可知，此处应填名词单数footstep，作主语。故填footstep。36defeated【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们学校足球队在昨天的比赛中击败了他们队，我们感到很兴奋。结合句意可知此处是从句谓语动词， 根据主句谓语动词got可知从句应使用一

37、般过去时。故答案为defeated。37maintaining【详解】考查动名词。句意：但当你上了大学时，你可能会发现，保持友谊需要相互欣赏 。根据句意和汉语提示，应填动词maintain“保持；维持”，作主语用动名词形式，故填maintaining。38surgery【详解】考查名词。句意：事实证明这台机器在心脏外科手术中很有价值。根据汉语提示“外科手术”以及上文的in heart可知，heart是名词作定语修饰空处，此处应填名词作宾语，因此应用名词surgery。故填surgery。39assign【详解】考查动词。句意：比如说，你应该给每一个订单分配一个独特的订单号。根据所给汉语可知，此

38、处应用动词assign，且空前有情态动词might，故此处应用动词原形，故填assign。40tournament【详解】考查名词。句意：他在锦标赛中的胜利为他赢得了5万美元。名词tournament意为“锦标赛”，在介词 in后作宾语，构成介宾结构。故填tournament。41vivid【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个地方唤起了生动的回忆。空处缺形容词，修饰后面的名词memories，根据汉语提示，故填vivid。42cooperation【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电视剧是与香港电视台合作制作的。根据汉语提示“合作”可知应填名词cooperation，作宾语。故填cooperation。4

39、3opponent【详解】考查名词。句意：他被对手打败后，我试图安慰他。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入名词作介词by的宾语，根据提示可知，名词opponent符合句意。故填opponent。44steely【详解】考查形容词。句意：钢铁般坚固的骨骼结构覆盖着高度发达的肌肉。根据汉语提示“钢铁般的”以及下文的strong bone structure可知，此处应填形容词作定语，结合语意可知，此处应填steely。故填steely。45philosophy【详解】考查名词。句意：吃喝玩乐那是他的人生哲学。根据汉语提示及句子结构可知，此处应填不可数名词philosophy，作表语。故填philoso

40、phy。46vivid【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个穿着鲜艳的灰色西装的男人坐在酒吧的另一边。根据汉语提示“鲜艳的”可知，空格处应用“vivid”，意为“鲜艳的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。故填vivid。47cheated【详解】考查被动语态。句意：汤姆被骗走了所有的钱。cheat“欺骗”为及物动词，主语Tom与动词cheat为动宾关系，空处在句中为谓语，所有此处用被动语态。结合空前was，所以填cheated，故填cheated。48defeat【详解】考查名词。句意：虽然她的计划在寻找疟疾治疗方法的过程中遭到了打击，但屠却不承认挫败。根据汉语提示，空处应用名词defeat，表示“失败，挫

41、败”，作动词acknowledge的宾语。故填defeat。49intense【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的肌肉可能不够强壮，不能承受这样激烈的运动。根据汉语提示，表示“激烈的”应用形容词intense，意为“强烈的、激烈的”，作定语，修饰名词sport。故填intense。50seize【详解】考查动词。句意：我们必须抓住每一个机会，提高业务效率。分析句子可知，must后接动词原形，再根据中文提示和句意可知，应填seize，seize every/an opportunity to表“抓住每一个机会”，为常见搭配。故填seize。51Having a healthy lifestyle【详解

42、】考查动名词。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动名词短语作主语。拥有健康的生活方式可以翻译为“have a healthy lifestyle”，所以动词have变成动名词having，和后面的部分构成动名词短语作主语，首字母大写。故填Having a healthy lifestyle。52Looking away from people【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，“把目光从人们身上移开”应为look away from people，又因will make 为谓语动词，前面应为主语，所以应用动名词作主语。故填Looking away from people。53approve of c

43、heating【详解】考查动词原形和动名词。情态动词can后接动词原形，approve of doing sth. (赞成做某事)，cheat (作弊)用动名词形式作宾语，故填approve of cheating。54 Going on a diet【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“节食”短语为go on a diet，作主语应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Going on a diet。55rather than running away from them【详解】考查动名词做主语。根据句意可知，“而不是逃避问题”表达为rather than run away from the

44、m，此处用rather than做连词，连接前后两个动名词做主语，故填rather than running away from them。56seized a chance/an opportunity【详解】考查时态和冠词。结合时间状语last year可知，seize (抓住)时态用一般过去时，泛指“一次机会”，chance以辅音音素开头用不定冠词a，opportunity以元音音素开头用不定冠词an，故填seized a chance/an opportunity。57Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is

45、【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“理解你自己的需要和交流风格”翻译为understand your own needs and styles of communication，作句子的主语，应用动名词形式，且为一般现在时，谓语用单数。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Understanding your own needs and styles of communication is。58has been carried to the flooded area【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。“将某物送到洪灾去”译为carry sth. to the flooded area，根据中文“已经”可知，

46、此处应用现在完成时，且主语food为不可数名词，与carry之间为被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动，故填has been carried to the flooded area。59Based on【详解】考查短语。根据句意及括号内的提示可知，be based on等于on the basis of“以为基础；基于”符合句意，所有此处应用based on作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Based on。60to adjust (myself) to new working environment【详解】考查固定句型和固定搭配。it will take/takes/took+时间+to do

47、固定句型，意为“（要）花费时间做”，“适应”应用固定搭配adjust (oneself) to，“新的工作环境”译为new working environment，有前面的me可知，“适应新的工作环境”译为adjust (myself) to new working environment，放在不定式后面，故填to adjust (myself) to new working environment。61be missed62official63which64represents65to be66Following67accuracy68On69a#its70as【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介

48、绍了FIFA世界杯是一个不容错过的盛事，三月底，官方球宣布了。文章介绍了这颗球的一些特点。61考查语态。句意：对于全世界的足球迷来说，FIFA世界杯是一个不容错过的盛事。先行词event在从句中作主语，与miss构成被动关系，且cant后跟动词原形。故填be missed。62考查形容词。句意：三月底，官方球宣布了。修饰名词ball应用形容词official，作定语。故填official。63考查定语从句。句意：这个球被称为“AI Rihla”，在阿拉伯语中是“旅程”的意思，它代表着卡塔尔的文化。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词AI Rihla，从句缺主语，应用which。故填which。64考查时

49、态。句意：这个球被称为“AI Rihla”，在阿拉伯语中是“旅程”的意思，它代表着卡塔尔的文化。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the ball，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填represents。65考查非谓语动词。句意：为了适应今天运动的速度，球被设计成高科技的。短语be designed to表示“被设计成”。故填to be。66考查非谓语动词。句意：卡塔尔论坛报网站指出，根据空气动力学的规律，这些面板和表面材料提高了球的准确性和战斗稳定性。分析句子结构可知，follow与逻辑主语the panels and surface material构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填Follo

50、wing。67考查名词。句意：卡塔尔论坛报网站指出，根据空气动力学的规律，这些面板和表面材料提高了球的准确性和战斗稳定性。作宾语，应用名词accuracy，不可数。故填accuracy。68考查介词。句意：由于这种设计，球被认为是到目前为止最快和最准确的球。结合句意表示“由于”可知短语为on account of。故填On。69考查冠词或代词。句意：足球的设计也将可持续性作为重中之重，因为这是第一款仅用水性油墨和胶水制作的世界杯足球。修饰后文名词priority可用不定冠词a或形容词性物主代词its。故填a/ its。70考查介词。句意：国际足联市场总监让-弗朗索瓦帕西在一份声明中说:“这是一款令人惊叹的、可持续的、高质量的官方比赛用球，各地的明星和草根球员都会喜欢它。”短语as well as表示“也，而且”。故填as。