Unit 4 Topic 1知识梳理2022-2023学年仁爱版英语八年级上册.docx

1、Unit 4 Topic 1知识梳理一. 重点单词sheep(n.)sheep (pl.)thin(adj.)thinnerthinnestthin(adj.)thick/fat(反义词)control (v.)controlling(ing形式)die(v.)dying (ing形式)danger (n.)dangerous (adj.)二词组 Section A 1. think about 思考2. the life in the countryside 乡村生活3. enjoy the beauty of nature 欣赏自然美景4.much/ a little /a lot/eve

2、n/a bit/far/still smaller更小得多/一点儿 (表程度)而very/so/quite/asas/more /too后加原级5. on the farm 在农场里6.run (ran) after 追逐/追赶7.live a better / happy life 过着更好/幸福的生活Section B8. talk about the photos 谈论照片9.sing to us 对我们唱歌 sing for us 为我们唱歌10.as we know 据我们所知11. be important to 对重要12. share the same world with t

3、hem 与他们分享同一个世界 Section C13. coverwith. 用覆盖14.provide sth.for sb.=provide sb.with sth. 为某人提供某物15.on the earth = on Earth 在地球上 on earth 究竟(用于问句中,强调)16. thousands of 几千 hundreds of 几百five hundred/ thousand trees 五百/千棵树17. help to make the air fresher 帮助使得空气更新鲜18.play an important part in 在某方面发挥重要作用19.d

4、ie out 灭绝20. control(controlled)the climate 调节气候21. become smaller and smaller 变得越来越小Section D22.feed(fed) on 以为食Horse feed on grass. We live on rice. (讲人时用 live on)23. living things 生物24.less and less land to live on 越来越少可生存的陆地fewer and fewer books 越来越少的书 25.in danger 处于危险中26. in the south of China

5、 = in South China 华南27.kill them for their fur and bones 为了它们的皮毛与骨头而捕杀它们28.in the ocean 在大洋29.in the sky 在空中 in / on the river 在河里/在水面上三重点句子1. I like it very much because the air is fresher, the sky is bluer and the rivers are clearer there. 我非常喜欢它，因为那里的空气更新鲜，天空更蓝，而且河流更加清澈。2. I think the countryside

6、 is much quieter than the city, too.我认为乡村也比城市要更加安静。3. That must be fun!那一定很有趣。4. Whats the strongest animal on the farm? 农场里最强壮的动物是什么？5. The sheep are the nicest of all. 羊是所有动物里面最好的。6. Which do you like better, plants or animals?植物和动物，你比较喜欢哪一个呢？7. As we know, they are both important to us. 众所周知，他们都对

7、我们很重要。8. Rainforests cover 6% of the earths surface.雨林覆盖地球表面的百分之六。9. They provide places to live for thousands of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. 他们为地球上成千上万的找不到其他地方住的动物和植物提供住的地方。10. Many of them live in the tree over 30 meters from the ground. 他们中的许多动物住在离地面30多米高的树上。11. The plants in

8、the forests help to make the air fresher and cleaner. 森林中的植物帮助使空气更新鲜，更干净。12. They play an important part in controlling the climate.他们在控制气候方面起到重要的作用。13. Without rainforests, many beautiful plants and animals would die out.没有雨林，许多漂亮的动物和植物将会灭绝。14. But now, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller,

9、 so we should protect them.但是现在，雨林正变得越来越小，所以我们应该保护他们。15. But now they have less and less land to live on. 但是现在他们居住的陆地越来越少了。16. They are the largest but they feed on the smallest sea animals.他们是最大的，但是他们以最小的海洋动物为食。17. Now they are in danger because some people make their ocean home dirty and others ki

10、ll whales for their meat.现在他们正处在危险状态，因为一些人使他们的海之家变脏了，其他人为了他们的肉杀鲸鱼。18. They are the oldest type of tigers in the world and they eat small animals. 他们是世界上最古老类型的老虎，吃小动物。19. Some people kill tigers for their fur and bones.一些人杀老虎为了他们的皮毛和骨头。四知识点解析1. Hey, Wang Wei, what are you thinking about? think about

11、思考，考虑 think of 认为，想起 think over 仔细考虑2. I thank the sheep are the nicest of all. 单复数同行，即这些名词单数复数不分。 如：sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese3. The cat is running after a mouse and the dog is playing with the rabbit. run after追赶，追逐 run into 撞上，偶然碰见 run to 跑向，趋向 4. I like cats best because they are cuter

12、 than other animals. other + 名词复数 = others another + 名词单数 another + 数词 + 名词复数 one . the other . 一个另一个（两个） some . (the) others . 一些另一些（有无范围）5. As we know, they are both important to us. As we know 众所周知 = Its known that . 拓展： Its believed that 人们相信 Its said that 据说 Its reported that 据报道6. Michael like

13、s animals better because he thinks they are friendlier. because 引导原因状语从句7. Rainforests cover 6% of the earths surface. (1) cover v. 覆盖、控制 cover n. 盖子、覆盖物 (2) discover v. 发现（已存在但不为人所知）【拓展】coverwith 用覆盖8. They provide places to live for thousands of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. (1)

14、thousands of = thousands and thousands of 成千上万的 当hundred, thousand, million, billion等表示不确定的数目时，常用复数形式，后面跟介词of，意为“数以百计的，成千上万的，数以百万计的，几十亿”。 (2) nowhere 不在任何地方 somewhere 某些地方 everywhere 每一个地方 anywhere 任何地方9. They also help to hold the water when it rains and keep the water cycling. keepdoing 使一直做 “表示不间

15、断地做某事” 10. They play an important part in controlling the climate. play an important role in 在.中起着重要的作用11. But now, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller, so we should protect them. (1) smaller and smaller 越来越小“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”结构表示“越来越”的意思【拓展】 “the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级”表示“越,就越”。 (2) protect v.

16、 保护【拓展】 protect sth. / sb. from doing sth. 保护某物/某人免于12. They feed on bamboo. feed 是动词，意为“喂，养”，与feed相关的短语有：feed on “以为食”feed sth. to sb. / sth. “把喂给吃”feed sb. / sth. with sth. “拿来喂”13. But now they have less and less land to live on. to live on 是不定式短语，在此句中作land的后置定语，意为“可居住的”，起形容词的作用。在英语中，动词不定式做后置定语修饰

17、前面的名词或代词时，他们之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词是不及物动词，呀在其后加上相应的介词。 Do you have something to read. I need a pen to write with. 【注意】如果动词不定式所修饰的词为place, way, time时，则不定式后面的介词可省略 I want a place to live (in).14. They are also in danger now. in danger 意为“处在危险中”；反义词为：out of danger 【拓展】在英语中，“in + 表示情绪或者处境的名词”常用来表示“处于某种心态或境地” i

18、n fear “处于恐惧中”； in anger “生着气”； in need “在患难中”五语法 形容词比较级和最高级（I）一、形容词的比较级和最高级的构成. 规则变化：（1）一般在词尾加er或est.如：freshfresherfreshest.（2）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st,如：latelaterlatest.（3）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est.如： bigbiggerbiggest.（4）以辅音字母y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est.如： happyhappierhappiest.（5）部分双音节词和多音节词前

19、面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如： carefulmore carefulmost careful, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful.不规则变化： good/wellbetterbest, littlelessleast, many/muchmoremost, bad/illworseworst, farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest.记忆口诀比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er;词尾若有哑音e，直接加r就可以；一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写；辅音字母加上y，要把y变成i;最高级后加-est，前面加the莫忘记

20、。3. 比较等级的用法(1) 比较级的用法1. 表示两者之间进行比较时，常用“A. + adj./adv.比较级 + than + B”结构 Lilys room is bigger than mine.【拓展】如果比较对象相同，为了避免重复，在从句中常用the one,that, those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。 其中the one 代替可数名词单数形式，the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式，that代替不可数名词；如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。 The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangz

21、hou in winter.2. 形容词比较级可用a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather等修饰，使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确 It is much colder today than yesterday. Cant you stay a little longer?3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“which/who is+adj.比较级，A or B?”表示 Who is taller, Lily or Lucy?4. 表示“两者之间比较的一个（of the two）”时，常用

22、“the + 比较级+ of 短语”结构 Mary is the taller of the twins.5. 表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级 + and + 比较级”，当形容词为多音节或部分双音 节词时，用“more and more+adj.原级” Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.6. 表示“越就越”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构 The more, the better.(2) 最高级的用法1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。adj./adv.最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个

23、in/of短语来表示范围 Tom jumps the highest in our class. Shanghai is the biggest city in China.2. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“which/who is + the + 最高级，A,B or C?”结构 Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?3. 表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the + adj.最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式 Zhou Jielun is one of the most po

24、pular singers. 4. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最” The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词 This is our best lesson today.6. 借助other,else或否定词，比较级形式可用来表示最高级概念 He is taller than any other boy in our class. Nobody runs faster than him.7. 在表示最高级的句子中，如果前后的名词属

25、于同类的，则范围前用of；属于不同类的用in Tom is the tallest of these children. Tom is the tallest in our class.六书面表达植物和动物对我们非常重要。请你根据以下提示，以“Protecting Plants and Animals”为题写一篇短文。作用植物让世界更多彩保持空气清新控制气候动物共享地球带来快乐现状森林越来越小野生动物濒临灭绝措施禁止滥伐，多植树保护动物，阻止捕杀（补充1-2点）提示词：colorful, climate, cut down, too many, wild animals, kill要求：1.

26、表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范 2. 须包含所有提示内容，90词左右，不包含已经给出的词数。【参考范文】Protecting Plants and Animals We cant live without animals and plantsThe earth is our home，the trees and the animals are our friendsHow can we get along well with our friends？First，we should protect animals and plants because many animals and p

27、lants are endangered；Second，we should stop cutting trees and hunting animals.Third，we are supposed to protect their homes for animals and plants to create a good environment for their growthIn short ,there are many ways to make our world a batter place for animals and plants. We all need to do whatever we can!