Unit 4 单元易错综合练习-2022-2023学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、Unit 4单元易错综合练习（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共30分，略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

2、AWhen we do not understand each others language, we can talk with the help of body language.A Frenchman was once traveling in England. He couldnt speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it and took

3、 them out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat.” The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The man moved his head from side to side. The waiter understood him and took the tea away. In a moment he came again with a cup of coffee and put it on the table. The man again refused his offer

4、. He shook his head whenever the waiter brought him something to drink, because drinks are not food. When the man was going away, another man came in. This man saw the waiter, and he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough. In a few minutes there was a large plate of meat and vegetables on the

5、 table in front of him.So you see, we can understand the language of signs as well as we can understand the language of words.1According to the passage, when people do not understand each others language, they can talk with the help of _.Ahands, head and other partsBa translatorCa waiterDan English

6、speaker2A Frenchman signed to the waiter _.Ato translate the wordsBto tell him what he saidCto bring him a cup of teaDto ask him for food3From the story, we know _.Apeople can only understand the language of wordsBpeople can understand each other with the help of the language of signs as well as the

7、 language of wordsCpeople can make clear the language of the waiter and the translatorDpeople can understand the native languageB17-year-old Mariella has dual (双) citizenship between the U.S. and the U.K.At the start of COVID-19, she happened to be in New York, and couldnt leave due to travel restri

8、ctions.Getting up at dawn to go to online school back in England meant she had abundant time for her own use in the afternoons, then she began learning American Sign Language (ASL).The teen thought seeing an ASL interpreter in action might help her learnfaster，but when she looked up movies and TV sh

9、ows on streaming platforms, she discovered they didnt use ASL interpreters.Mariella decided then and there to change that fact!Seeking help from ASL teachers and the deaf community, she created Sign Up, an app that uses a simple Google Chrome extension.It adds an ASL interpreter to the corner of mov

10、ies so people who are deaf can watch both at the same time.The teen decided to focus her efforts first on the Disney + platform because thats what she believes children watch the most. “My sister and I were its crazy movie watchers when we were younger, and I couldnt imagine that not being a part of

11、 our childhood,” Mariella said.With over 1,000 users in less than two weeks, the response has been nothing short of that. “I didnt think it would take off so much,” Mariella said. “I thought maybe a couple dozen people would use it, but Ive had 20, 000 hits on my website and just so many shares and

12、likes. Its just blown up in ways I didnt think it would.”To cover her development and hiring costs, she has started a GoFundMe campaign, which has raised nearly $1 ,000 of its $10,000 goal. Mariella plans to expand the app to include as many of the international sign languages as possible. “My hope

13、is that we ll have a lot more movies interpreted-itll be on every platform,” she said.4What made Mariella learn ASL?AHer dual citizenship.BHer travel restrictions.CHer enough free time.DHer need to study online.5What do we know about Mariella?AShe was once a huge Disney fan.BShe suffered hearing los

14、s as a kid.CShes earned much from SignUp.DShes living in a deaf community.6What does Mariella think of the SignUp users responses?AUnreal.BUnexpected.CUnreasonable.DUnsatisfactory.7Which word best describes Mariella as the SignUp developer?ACautious.BDemanding.CHonest.DAmbitious.CKoko the gorilla kn

15、ew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around. Her trainer and long-term companion, Penny Patterson, thought Koko went further still, signing in novel ways and showing complex emotions. According to Ms Patterson, when a cat

16、that Koko loved was killed in an accident, Koko signed: “Cat, cry, have-sorry, Koko-love.” When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (讣告) mourned the gorilla who had “mastered American sign language.”Then came the backlash, from linguists and experts in sign languages. Sign languages have co

17、mplex grammars, equivalent to spoken tongues in expressiveness. Kokos ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko “must have meant,” and explaining away ran

18、dom signs. It was hard to be sure: Ms Patterson preferred speaking to journalists over sharing her video and raw data about Koko with fellow researchers.There is no doubt that animals communicate. Animals from one region can share sounds that differ from groups in another, leading researchers to tal

19、k of animal “dialects.” Then there are the remarkable achievements of Koko and her primate predecessors, including a chimp delightfully named Nim Chimpsky. Yet there is an important distinction between communication and language. Take the misleading term “body language.” It is sometimes claimed that

20、 words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. This wildly overstretches an old study which found that most emotional messaging as opposed to the propositional kind comes from tone and body language, especially when a neutral word such as “maybe” was used. Bu

21、t try conveying a fact like “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.Nim Chimpskys near-namesake, Noam Chomsky, has argued that people have a kind of “universal grammar”, and that all humankinds langu

22、ages are mere variations on a theme. Mr Chomsky has changed his mind repeatedly on what constitutes the core of human language, but one obvious candidate is syntax rules, not just words, which allow the construction of a huge variety of meaningful utterances (所说的话). This capacity may even be infinit

23、e. Any statement in English, for example, can be made longer by adding “He said that ” at the beginning. This property is called recursion: a simple statement (“Its cold”) is embedded in a more complicated one (“He said that its cold”). Human syntax also allows for hypotheticals (“If she hadnt arriv

24、ed ”), talking precisely about events distant from the present, and so much more.That gorillas lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead observers into thinking she possessed language.8Which statement about KOKO the gorilla

25、 is true?AKokos ability was similar to a fluent human signer.BKoko could ask for food using sign language.CKoko was able to show complex feelings using sign language.DKoko was killed in an accident.9The underlined word in paragraph two is closest in meaning to “_.”AapprovalBbiasCoppositionDevidence1

26、0Linguists and sign language experts doubted Kokos mastery of American sign language because _.AKoko was not as expressive as a human signerBKoko seldom needed an interpreterCKoko was able to communicate with journalistsDKoko failed to speak several animal “dialects”11Which of the following statemen

27、ts would the author probably disagree with?AHumans can express past events using language while apes cannot.BTone and body language play a dominant role in human communication.CWords enable humans to convey clear meanings.DGorillas are still magnificent in terms of their ability to communicate.DHuma

28、ns are emotional beings, showing feelings in our behavior and facial expressions. But whether these mean the same thing in different cultures has been hotly debated. Now a new study has found that in different social contexts, such as weddings, funerals and sports, people indeed show universal facia

29、l expressions.For the new study, Alan Cowens team used a machine learning model, Deep Neural Network (DNN), to systematically analyze facial expressions in thousands of different contexts. These contexts come from more than six million videos uploaded to You Tube between July 2009 and May 2018 by pe

30、ople in 144 countries.Facial expressions were rated by English speakers in India by selecting applicable emotions from a list of 31 labels, resulting in a total of 16 distinct facial expressions. Meanwhile, contexts were classified in a separate experiment. The results showed that people from differ

31、ent cultures share about 70% of the facial expressions used in response to different social and emotional situations.“This supports Darwins theory that expressing emotions in our faces is universal among humans,” the study co-lead author Dacher Keltner said. “The physical display of our emotions may

32、 define who we are as a species, enhancing our communication and cooperation skills and ensuring our survival.”However, Lisa Barrett, from the Northeastern University College of Science notes that the English speakers in India were given the emotional word ratings rather than labeling the expression

33、s themselves. They used emotion labels such as “anger”, “fear” and “sadness” instead of descriptive terms, thereby inferring the emotions behind the expressions.She further comments that the raters (评定者) saw the faces in contexts which cant necessarily be separated from the emotions themselves, and

34、that the key point is that the raters are from just one country. “The ultimate value of Cowen and his colleagues study might lie not in the answers it provides,” she concludes, “but in the opportunity for further discovery that it opens up.”12What can we learn from the text?AThe study is opposite to

35、 Darwins theory.BPeople in different cultures show similar facial expressions.CThe team conducted the study by downloading facial expressions.DFacial expressions and contexts were classified in the same experiment.13How did Alan Cowens team conduct the study?ABy using a learning machine.BBy uploadin

36、g videos to YouTube.CBy analyzing facial expressions.DBy using emotion labels.14What can we infer from Dacher Keltners words?ASocial success is dependent on facial expressions.BFacial expressions have constantly changed over time.CSocial skills reflect the ability of ones expression management.DFaci

37、al expressions play a vital role in humans development.15What is Lisa Barretts attitude towards the study?AObjective.BAmbiguous.CCritical.DContradictory.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Understanding cultural body language in other countries is key to managing effic

38、ient communication, especially when we have not yet mastered a foreign language. _16_ I hope these will help you socialize when you try to communicate with foreigners in spite of the language barrier (障碍). Head movementsIn some parts of India, people tilt (倾斜) their heads from side to side to confir

39、m something and show that they are actively listening. In western countries, people nod to show agreement. _17_ Eye contactIn western culture, visual contact when you speak to someone is considered a positive aspect of body language. Strong visual contact is common in Spain and the Arabic culture am

40、ong people of the same sex. Not looking back when someone is looking at you is considered impolite, showing insecurity or disinterest. _18_ In Caribbean communities, children and teenagers are taught not to look at adults in the eyes when they are being corrected. Greetings and goodbyesShaking hands

41、 is a normal and formal way to greet or say goodbye in western countries. _19_ In Romania, for example, only men usually do it. And they shake hands every time they meet, not just the first! In England, however, its unusual to shake hands with someone you are introduced to in an informal setting. Ki

42、ssing cheeks is something done in many countries, especially in Europe, though the number of kisses, the occasion for doing so, and which cheek they start off on vary. _20_ When you communicate with foreigners, one secure way is to understand. respect and follow the culture.ABody language varies fro

43、m country to country.BBut its done in different contexts in different countries.CHowever, in Greece, nodding actually means the opposite meaning.DHere are a selection of gestures (姿势) and their meanings in different cultures.ESome cultures, such as Japanese culture, consider long-time visual contact

44、 awkward.FHere are five communication skills that you should keep in mind when in a foreign country.GHowever, in different countries, people may have different explanations about hands shaking.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。To learn another languag

45、e is more than just learning words and grammar; it _21_ learning about another culture, too. We learn much of our own cultures body language before we learn to speak, from the time we are _22_, usually without even being aware of it. Body language is different from culture to culture, and therefore

46、its something to which second language _23_ should pay attention.Sometimes, cultural differences in body language can _24_ discomfort or misunderstandings too. For example, there are _25_ cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two people who are speaking together. If you ar

47、e used to people keeping their _26_, you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably _27_ away repeatedly, if someone keeps trying to stand _28_ to you at a party! We call this the “personal comfort zone”.Another _29_ example of misunderstanding is the use of a _30_. In some Asian cultures, a smile c

48、an show embarrassment or apology. However, smiling back at a teacher who is unhappy with you, or a stranger whose foot you accidentally _31_ upon is probably not a good idea in most English speaking cultures! Even speakers of the same _32_, such as British, American, or Australian people, may not us

49、e the _33_ body language and must adapt if they wish to _34_ successfully. British people are said to be more reserved and formal, in general, and this is reflected in their body language. Americans are considered more open and _35_, while Australians are seen as casual and relaxed.21AresistsBengage

50、sCincludesDgrasps22AstudentsBbabiesCadultsDapplicants23AtranslatorsBlearnersCauthorsDadvisors24AinvolveBovercomeCcauseDinterrupt25AdefiniteBimportantCmajorDinitial26AdistanceBinsightCconsiderationDease27AcastBmoveChandleDbreak28AhigherBdeeperClowerDcloser29AspecialBcommonCelegantDoutstanding30AfistB

51、screamCsmileDslap31AshiftedBslidCsteppedDslipped32AgrammarBcultureCtraditionDlanguage33AobviousBsameCtightDdifferent34AcommunicateBlinkCcooperateDchat35AmodestBoptimisticCcreativeDoutgoing第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Body language is used by people for sending messages

52、to one another, _36_ can help you make yourself easily _37_ (understand). When you are talking with others, you are not just using words, but also using _38_ (gesture). For example, waving ones hand _39_ (be) to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement

53、.Different countries use body language _40_ (different). For example, men in Russia, France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead _41_ kissing. If you touch an English person, you should say “Sorry”. People in Arab countries like standin

54、g close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep _42_ distance away when they are talking. In some Asian countries, you must not touch the head of another person.When you use a foreign language, it is very important _43_ (know) the meanings of body language in the foreign c

55、ountry. _44_ (follow) the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more pleasant and _45_ (comfort).第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom将来中国旅游，发邮件向你询问中英日常生活肢体语言的异同。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1. 表示欢迎；2. 不同点：在中国，与长辈交谈时，低头避免直视等；3. 相似点：见面握手，微笑等。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答

56、题卡相应位置作答。Dear Tom,_Yours,Li Hua第二节（满分25分）47阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Sam was stubborn and liked to do things his own way. He liked to eat his meals one food at a time-no mixing. He wore his purple socks on Tuesdays and his lucky sweater whenever he had a spelling test.Oscar was Sams fathe

57、r. He liked to do things, his own way, too. While the neighbors mowed(割草) their lawns, Oscar-grew-a wildflower-meadow(草场). He got a haircut on the first Thursday of every month, whether he needed it or not. And he wore his lucky sweater to every one of Sams ball games.Sam thought his dad was the sma

58、rtest man on earth, and his dad thought Sam was the finest son a man could ever want. until the day they decided to build the tree house.Sam had a picture in his mind.Oscar had a picture in his mind.The pictures didnt match.At the store, they disagreed on how much wood to buy. They argued about how

59、long the nails should be. They quarreled about what color paint they should pick. And when they got home, they argued and ARGUED and ARGUED about which tree was best.Sam wanted the maple. He wouldnt give in.His dad wanted the hackberry. He wouldnt give in, either.The boards and the nails and the pai

60、nt sat in the backyard. They sat there in the hot, summer sunshine. They sat there when the autumn leaves fell. They sat under a blanket of snow all winter.“Sam is so stubborn,” Oscar complained to Sams mother, “If hed listen to reason, I could show him why the hackberry is best.“Why wont Dad listen

61、 to my ideas?” Sam asked his mom.Sams mother tried talking to Sams dad. He wouldnt listen.She tried talking to Sam. It did no good.Spring came. The wildflower meadow began to bloom, and baseball practice started. Soon it was Mothers Day, and Sam made his mother a clay pot and filled it with flowers.

62、 She loved it.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Now Fathers Day was coming up._“Oh no! I like this,“ said his dad._参考答案：1A2D3B【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一则小故事，说明了当语言不通时，手语就成了人们重要的交流方式。1细节理解题。根据第一段“When we dont understand each others language, we can talk with the help of signs. (当我们不懂对方的语言时，我们可以借助手势进行交谈

63、)”可知，当人们不懂对方的语言时，人们可以用手势交流，即他们可以用手、头和身体的其他部位来帮助交谈。故选A。2细节理解题。根据第二段“When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it, and took out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat.”(服务员过来时，他张开嘴，把手指放进去，又拿了出来。他想说，“给我拿点吃的来。”)”可知，这个法国人做手势是想让服务员拿点吃的过来。故选D。3推理判断题。根据第二段“A Frenchman was on

64、ce traveling in England. He couldnt speak English at all. One day he went into a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, he opened his mouth, put his fingers in it, and took out again. He wanted to say, “Bring me something to eat.”(有一次，一个法国人在英国旅行。他根本不会说英语。一天，他走进一家餐馆，在一张桌子旁坐下。服务员过来时

65、，他张开嘴，把手指放进去，又拿了出来。他想说，“给我拿点吃的来。”)”和最后一段“So you see, we can understand the language of signs as well as we can understand the language of words.( 所以你看，我们能理解手语就像我们能理解语言一样)”可知，从这个故事中，我们知道人们可以通过手语和语言来理解对方。故选B。4C5A6B7D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mariella在寻求美国手语教师和聋人社区的帮助下，她创建了一款名为Sign Up的应用程序，使用简单的谷歌Chrome扩展。它在电影的

66、角落增加了一个美国手语翻译，这样聋人就可以同时观看两种电影。4细节理解题。根据第二段“she had abundant time for her own use in the afternoons, then she began learning American Sign Language (ASL).(下午她有充足的时间自己使用，然后她开始学习美国手语(ASL）)”可知，玛丽拉有大量的自由时间，于是她决定学习手语。故选C。5细节理解题。根据文章第四段“My sister and I were its crazy movie watchers when we were younger, an

67、d I couldnt imagine that not being a part of our childhood(我姐姐和我小时候都很喜欢看电影，我无法想象那不是我们童年的一部分)”可知，玛丽拉和妹妹在小时候是迪士尼的超级粉丝。故选A。6推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“With over 1,000 users in less than two weeks, the response has been nothing short of that. “I didnt think it would take off so much,” Mariella said.(在不到两周的时间里就有超过1

68、000名用户，用户的反应也是如此。“我没想到它会这么受欢迎，”玛丽拉说)”可知，用户的反应出乎她的意料。故选B。7推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mariella plans to expand the app to include as many of the international sign languages as possible. “My hope is that well have a lot more movies interpreted-it ll be on every platform,”she said.(玛丽埃拉计划将该应用程序扩展到尽可能多的国际手语。“我希望我们会

69、有更多的电影被解读它会出现在每个平台上，”她说。)”可知，玛丽拉计划将这款应用进一步扩展，包含尽可能多的国际手语。她希望会有更多的电影加上手语翻译，并且希望SignUp出现在每个平台上。现在她正在融资试图推广SignUp的使用。这些说明她对此很有抱负。故选D。8B9C10A11B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。语言学家和手语专家认为大猩猩Koko没有真正掌握美国手语。他们认为动物是会交流的，但是，交流和语言之间有重要的区别。作者认为对于人类来说，相比于肢体动作，语言更能做出清晰的陈述、提问和命令。8细节理解题。根据第一段“Koko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs

70、based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around. (大猩猩Koko知道超过1000种美国的手语，并用它们做所有事情，从索要食物到开玩笑。)”可知，Koko通过美国手语可以作一切事情，包括索要食物。故选B项。9词义猜测题。根据上文“When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries mourned the gorilla who had mastered American sign langua

71、ge.(Koko上个月去世时，她的一些讣告哀悼了这只掌握了美国手语的大猩猩。)”和根据下文“Kokos ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent human signer. Moreover, Ms Patterson was her interpreter, a role that invited the question of how much she was inferring what Koko must have meant, and explaining away random signs. (有人指出，Kok

72、o的能力远远达不到一个流利使用手语的人类。此外，Patterson是她的翻译，这一角色让人不禁质疑，她在多大程度上推断了Koko一定是什么意思，并通过解释消除随机的信息。)”可知，下文是对Koko手语能力的质疑和反对。所以划线词backlash意为“强烈反对”。故选C项。10细节理解题。根据第二段“Sign languages have complex grammars, equivalent to spoken tongues in expressiveness. Kokos ability, it was pointed out, fell well short of a fluent h

73、uman signer. (手语有复杂的语法，在表达能力上相当于口语。有人指出，Koko的能力远远达不到一个流利使用手语的人类。)”可知，语言学家和手语专家认为Koko不能像人类手语者那样流利地使用手语。故选A项。11推理判断题。根据第三段“Take the misleading term body language. It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. (以“肢体语言”这一误导性术语为例。有时人们声

74、称，语言只传达了7%的意思，而肢体语言和语调则传达了其余的意思。)”以及“ But try conveying a fact like It will rain on Tuesday with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands. (但试着用眉毛传达一个事实，比如“周二会下雨”，差别就会变得很明显。语言能传达清晰的陈述、问题和命令。)”可知，作者对于并不认为声调和肢体语言在人类交际中起着主导作用。故选B项。12B

75、13C14D15A【分析】本文为一篇说明文。Alan Cowen的团队进行的一项新的研究发现，在不同的文化背景和社会环境中，人们会表现出普遍的面部表情。12细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“Now a new study has found that in different social contexts, such as weddings, funerals and sports, people indeed show universal facial expressions.(现在一项新的研究发现，在不同的社会环境中，比如婚礼、葬礼和体育活动，人们确实会表现出普遍的面部表情)”可知，不同

76、文化背景的人会有相似的面部表情。故选B项。13细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“For the new study, Alan Cowens team used a machine learning model, Deep Neural Network (DNN), to systematically analyze facial expressions in thousands of different contexts.(在这项新研究中，艾伦考恩的团队使用了一种机器学习模型深度神经网络，系统地分析了数千种不同环境下的面部表情)”可知，Alan Cowen团队通过分析面部表情进行这项研究。故

77、选C项。14推理判断题。根据文章第四段关键句“The physical display of our emotions may define who we are as a species, enhancing our communication and cooperation skills and ensuring our survival.(我们情感的身体表现可能会定义我们作为一个物种的身份，增强我们的沟通和合作技能，并确保我们的生存)”可知，面部表情在人类的成长过程中起着至关重要的作用。故选D项。15推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“She further comments that t

78、he raters saw the faces in contexts which cant necessarily be separated from the emotions themselves, and that the key point is that the raters are from just one country. “The ultimate value of Cowen and his colleagues study might lie not in the answers it provides,” she concludes, “but in the oppor

79、tunity for further discovery that it opens up.” (她进一步评论说，评分者是在与情绪本身不可分割的环境中看到这些面孔的，关键是评分者只来自一个国家。“Cowen和他的同事研究的最终价值可能不在于它提供的答案，”她总结道，“而在于它打开的进一步发现的机会。”)”可知，根据Lisa Barrett的观点可知，她客观评价这项研究的意义，对于这项研究持客观态度。故选A项。16D17C18E19G20A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些肢体语言及其在不同文化中的含义，希望对尝试和外国人交流的人有所帮助。16结合第二段“In some parts of I

80、ndia, people tilt (倾斜) their heads from side to side to confirm something and show that they are actively listening. In western countries, people nod to show agreement. (在印度的一些地方，人们把头从一边歪到另一边来确认一些事情，表明他们在积极地倾听。在西方国家，人们点头表示同意)”的“在不同文化中，点头摇头意味着不同含义”的例子和下文的其他姿势也有文化差异的例子，可知本文主要讲不同文化中，姿势含义不同，D选项“以下是一些姿势及

81、其在不同文化中的含义。”切题。故选D项。17由小标题“Head movements (头部运动)”和上文“In western countries, people nod to show agreement. (在西方国家，人们点头表示同意)”可知，C选项“然而，在希腊，点头实际上意味着相反的意思。”与上文形成转折，讲不同的头部运动在不同的国家含义不同，点头在西方国家表示同意，但在希腊表示不同意。故选C项。18由小标题“Eye contact (视觉接触)”，上文“In western culture, visual contact when you speak to someone is c

82、onsidered a positive aspect of body language. Strong visual contact is common in Spain and the Arabic culture among people of the same sex. (在西方文化中，与人交谈时的视觉接触被认为是肢体语言的积极方面。在西班牙和阿拉伯文化中，同性之间的视觉接触很常见)”和下文“In Caribbean communities, children and teenagers are taught not to look at adults in the eyes when

83、 they are being corrected. (在加勒比社区，儿童和青少年被教育在被错误时不要直视成年人的眼睛)”可知，E选项“一些文化，如日本文化，认为长时间的视觉接触很尴尬。”承接上文讲在不同的国家和文化背景下，视觉接触的含义不同，日本又是一个例子。故选E项。19G选项“然而，在不同的国家，人们可能对握手有不同的解释。”与上文“Shaking hands is a normal and formal way to greet or say goodbye in western countries. (在西方国家，握手是一种正常而正式的问候或道别方式)”形成转折关系，表明在不同的国家

84、和文化背景下，握手的含义是不一样的，引出下文“In Romania, for example, only men usually do it. (例如，在罗马尼亚，通常只有男性才这样做)”和“In England, however, its unusual to shake hands with someone you are introduced to in an informal setting. (然而，在英国，在非正式场合与被介绍给你的人握手是不常见的)”的具体例子。故选G项。20该空起总结上文的作用。结合上文就“头部运动”“视觉接触”“问候和道别”讲明：在不同的国家和文化背景下，姿势

85、含义不一样，说明A选项“肢体语言因国家而异。”切题。故选A项。21C22B23B24C25A26A27B28D29B30C31C32D33B34A35D【分析】本文是议论文。文章举例论证了肢体语言中的文化差异也会引起交流中的不适或误解这一观点。21考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习另一种语言不仅仅是学习单词和语法；它还包括学习另一种文化。A. resists抵抗；B. engages参与；C. includes包括；D. grasps抓住。根据上文“more than just learning words and grammar”可知，学习语言还包括学习其它东西，四个选项中 includes(包括

86、)符合句意。故选C项。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们学会说话之前，从我们还是婴儿的时候，我们就已经学习了很多我们自己文化中的肢体语言，通常我们甚至没有意识到这一点。A. students学生；B. babies婴儿；C. adults成年人；D. applicants申请人。根据“before we learn to speak”和“usually without even being aware of it.”可知，我们是在学习说话之前，在自己意识不到情况的婴儿时期就开始学习肢体语言。故选B项。23考查名词词义辨析。句意：肢体语言因文化的不同而不同，因此是第二语言学习者应该注意的问题。A

87、. translators翻译；B. learners学习者；C. authors作者；D. advisors顾问。根据上文可知，语言的学习不仅仅是学习单词和语法，还包括学习另一种文化，肢体语言也是其中一项内容，而肢体语言因文化的不同，差异巨大，所以作为第二语言学习者，需要特别注意肢体语言的学习。故选B项。24考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，肢体语言的文化差异也会引起不适或误解。A. involve卷入，涉及；B. overcome克服，战胜；C. cause造成，导致；D. interrupt打断。根据For example可知，下文是对本句中观点进行举例论证；下文用不同的“社交距离”这一肢体

88、语言的文化差异论证了“肢体语言的文化差异可能会引起不适或误解”。所以段首主题句就应该是“肢体语言的文化差异也会引起不适或误解”。故选C项。25考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在交谈的两个人之间应该保持多大的距离是有明显的文化差异的。A. definite明显的，一定的；B. important重要的；C. major主要的；D. initial最初的。根据语境可知，本句是对上文观点“文化差异会引起不适或误解”进行举例说明，那么本句所列举的事例中“文化差异”必须是明显存在的。故选A项。26考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你习惯了人们保持距离，你会感到非常不舒服，如果有人试图在聚会上站得离你更近，你可

89、能会多次移开！A. distance距离；B. insight洞察力；C. consideration考虑；D. ease舒适，安逸。根据下文“you will feel very uncomfortable,and probably 7 away repeatedly”可知，当别人靠近你时，你会不舒服，会多次移开，所以你习惯人们保持距离。故选A项。27考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你习惯了人们保持距离，你会感到非常不舒服，如果有人试图在聚会上站得离你更近，你可能会多次移开！A. cast投，掷；B. move移动；C. handle处理；D. break打破。根据上文“you will fee

90、l very uncomfortable”可推知，当有人靠近你时，你会移开。故选B项。28考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你习惯了人们保持距离，你会感到非常不舒服，如果有人试图在聚会上站得离你更近，你可能会多次移开！A. higher更高的；B. deeper更深的；C. lower更低的；D. closer更近的。根据上文“If you are used to people keeping their 6, you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably 7 away repeatedly”可知，因为你喜欢保持距离，所以当有人想站得离你更近时，你就

91、会不舒服并多次移开。故选D项。29考查形容词词义辨析。句意：误解的另一个常见例子是微笑的使用。A. special特别的；B. common常见的；C. elegant优雅的；D. outstanding杰出的。结合常识，根据上文所例举的“社交距离”这一明显的(definite)文化差异可推知，本段也应使用另一个常见(common)的例子。故选B项。30考查名词词义辨析。句意：误解的另一个常见例子是微笑的使用。A. fist拳头；B. scream叫；C. smile微笑；D. slap掴。根据下文列举的事例“In some Asian cultures, a smile can show e

92、mbarrassment or apology. ”可知，这里说的另个例子是“smile”。故选C项。31考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在大多数说英语的文化中，对不满意的老师或你不小心踩到的陌生人微笑可能不是一个好主意！A. shifted转移，变换；B. slid滑；C. stepped 踏，踩；D. slipped滑倒。结合常识，根据上文a stranger whose foot you accidentally和空格后介词upon可推知，应使用动词stepped，表示“踩到陌生人的脚”。故选C项。32考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是说同一种语言的人，如英国人、美国人或澳大利亚人，也可能不会

93、使用相同的肢体语言，如果他们希望成功地交流，就必须适应。A. grammar语法；B. culture文化；C. tradition传统；D. language语言。根据所列举的such as British, American, or Australian people可知，他们说的是同一种语言。故选D项。33考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使是说同一种语言的人，如英国人、美国人或澳大利亚人，也可能不会使用相同的肢体语言，如果他们希望成功地交流，就必须适应。A. obvious明显的；B. same相同的；C. tight紧的；D. different不同的。根据连词Even(即使)和may n

94、ot可知前后句有转折对比关系,“说相同的语言，但不使用相同同肢体语言”。故选B项。34考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是说同一种语言的人，如英国人、美国人或澳大利亚人，也可能不会使用相同的肢体语言，如果他们希望成功地交流，就必须适应。A. communicate交流；B. link连接；C. cooperate合作；D. chat聊天。结合常识，根据上文可知，不同肢体语言会造成不适或误解，所以要成功地进行交流，就必须要适应不同的肢体语言，反止，适应的目的就是为了成功地交流。故选A项。35考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国人被认为更开放、更外向，而澳大利亚人则比较随意、放松。A. modest谦虚的；B

95、. optimistic乐观的；C. creative创造性的；D. outgoing外向的。结合常识，根据并列关系形容词open(开放的)可判定，应使用形容词 outgoing(外向的)来形容美国人。故选D项。36which37understood38gestures39is40differently41of42a43to know44Following45comfortable【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的作用以及不同地区国家中不同的肢体语言习俗。36考查定语从句。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子

96、，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。37考查非谓语动词。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，yourself与understand构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填understood。38考查名词的数。句意：当你和别人交谈时，你不仅要用语言，还要用手势。gesture为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填gestures。39考查主谓一致。句意：例如，挥手是说“再见”。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用单数。故填is。40考查副词。句意：不同的国家使用不同的肢体语言。修饰动词

97、use应用副词differently，作状语。故填differently。41考查介词。句意：例如，俄罗斯、法国和阿拉伯国家的男人见面时会亲吻对方，但中国或澳大利亚的男人见面时会握手而不是亲吻。结合句意表示“而不是”可知短语为instead of。故填of。42考查冠词。句意：阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时喜欢彼此站得很近，而英国人在交谈时必须保持距离。结合句意表示“保持距离”可知短语为keep a distance。故填a。43考查非谓语动词。句意：当你使用一门外语时，了解外国身体语言的含义是非常重要的。此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语。故填to

98、 know。44考查非谓语动词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。作句子的主语，follow应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Following。45考查形容词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。作宾语补足语，表示“舒适”应用形容词comfortable。故填comfortable。46Dear Tom,Hearing that you will come to China, Id like to extend my warmest welcome.Body language varies from culture to cultur

99、e. For instance, when talking to the elderly in China, we usually look down to avoid eye contact as sign of respect. On the other hand, some gestures have the same meaning. We favour shaking hands, smiling or nodding the head to greet someone, just as you do.I hope my introduction can be helpful to

100、you. Wish you good journey.Yours,Li Hua【详解】本篇书面表达属于回复询问信，要求考生写一封邮件，告知对方中英日常生活肢体语言的异同。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.表达欢迎2.告知相关情况1）不同点：在中国，与长辈交谈时，低头避免直视等；2）相似点：见面握手，微笑等。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）vary from; for instance; talk to; look down to; on the other hand;第

101、三步：连词成句1. Hearing that you will come to China, Id like to extend my warmest welcome.2.Body language varies from culture to culture.3. For instance, when talking to the elderly in China, we usually look down to avoid eye contact as sign of respect. 4.On the other hand, some gestures have the same mea

102、ning. 5.We favour shaking hands, smiling or nodding the head to greet someone, just as you do.6.I hope my introduction can be helpful to you. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more

103、, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用

104、恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Hearing that you will come to China, Id like to extend my warmest welcome.这句话运用了非谓语动词；For instance, when talking to the elderly in China, we usually look down to avoid eye contact as sign of respect.

105、运用了状语从句的省略。使用了一些固定词组，如vary from; for instance; talk to; look down to; on the other hand等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。47Now Fathers Day was coming up. Recently, Sam always came home a little late after school every day. His parents were also very curious but Sam always

106、said with a smile, “He is studying for his exam.” It was a clear morning, with clouds floating in a clear blue sky and birds singing softly as if celebrating the days special holiday: Fathers Day. Sam walked up to his father and said delightedly, “Happy Fathers Day, Dad! I want to give you a gift!”

107、So he took his fathers hand and walked together into his backyard. “Oh no! I like this,” said his dad. When he saw everything in front of him, he was so surprised that he stood there with his mouth wide open. Suddenly, Oscar knew what Sam had been up to these days. He had been preparing his precious

108、 Fathers Day gift, the tree house which was exactly what he had always wanted - hackberry trees, and the other designs matched exactly what he had in mind. Oscar hugged his son Sam and whispered, “Thank you, my son!” “Dad, you have always been my favorite person and the smartest father in the world!

109、” Sam said proudly. At that moment, Sam realized that being stubborn was not a good thing. What changed his stubbornness was the love and care of his family!【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Sam是一个顽固的孩子，他和爸爸Oscar之间的关系非常好。Sam认为他的爸爸是世界上最聪明的父亲；同样Oscar认为Sam是世界上最好的儿子。但是，因为建造树屋，二人之间出现了意见分歧。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“现在父亲节快到了。”可

110、知，第一段可描写Sam在积极地在为父亲准备礼物。这个礼物就是他们未达成共识的树屋。同样也可以描写的是Sam送给父亲这个礼物之后，父亲的情绪以及反应。由第二段首句内容“哦，不！我喜欢这个。”可知，第二段可描写Sam的父亲尤其地感动，并且与Sam一起设计木屋。同时父子二人关系和好，共同改善木屋，并且让Sam明白的是，自己的执拗是不对的，是家人的爱改变了他。2.续写线索：父亲节送礼物父子和好感悟3.词汇激活行为类.一起走路：walk together/accompany him/keep him company.回家：come home/go back home/return home.拥抱：hug

111、/embrace情绪类.惊讶的：surprised/amazed/astonished.高兴地：delightedly/excitedly/happily【点睛】高分句型1. It was a clear morning, with clouds floating in a clear blue sky and birds singing softly as if celebrating the days special holiday.（本句使用了with的复合结构）高分句型2. He had been preparing his precious Fathers Day gift, the tree house which was exactly what he had always wanted - hackberry trees, and the other designs matched exactly what he had in mind. （由关系代词which引导限制性定语从句以及what引导的表语从句和宾语从句）