Unit 4 单元话题阅读理解练习-2023-2024学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）.docx

1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元话题阅读理解练习（2023春云南文山高一统考期末）Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evi

2、dences of coming quakes.However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We dont understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but

3、precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earths crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential hu

4、man illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patients signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult.Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusua

5、l phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous

6、. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the

7、earthquakes epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quakes energy reduces before reaching the Earths surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it

8、and make a believable prediction.”1What do we know about earthquake forecasting?AScientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes.BAs long as enough data is collected, earthquakes can be predicted.CMathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes.DScientists

9、have not yet fully studied the structure of earthquakes.2How did Pherecydes successfully predict earthquakes?ABy seismic and remote-sensing methods.BBy observing unusual natural phenomena.CBy living in seismic zones throughout the year.DBy looking into data on the early warning signs.3What was Brune

10、aus opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction?AHe strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem.BHe was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future.CHe considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km.DHe thought that

11、scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes.4Which question does this article focus on?AWhy do humans predict earthquakes?BHow to protect oneself during an earthquake?CWhat methods can be used to forecast earthquakes?DWhen to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting?（2022秋云南昆明高一统考期末）Do y

12、ou know how to prepare for and survive a major earthquake? According to Department of Conservation scientists, it is important to have the right answer to that question.How to Be PreparedElectricity, water, gas(煤气) and telephones may not be working after an earthquake. The police and fire department

13、s are likely to be tied up. You should be prepared to fend for yourself for at least three days, preferably for a week. Youll need food, water and so on. Its also a good idea to decide ahead of time how and where your family will reunite if separated during a quake. You might choose an out-of-the-ar

14、ea friend or relative that family members can call to check on you.If youre indoors, stay there. Get under a desk or table. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If youre in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls and do not use the elevator. If youre outside, get into t

15、he open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you. If youre driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses.After an EarthquakeCheck for fire. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve(阀). If theres sign of damage

16、 to electrical wiring, shut off the power at the control box. If the phone is working, only use it in case of emergency (紧急情况).Avoid driving if possible to keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles. Be careful that things may fall out of cupboards when the door is opened, and also that chimneys

17、can be weakened and fall with just a touch. Listen to the radio for important information and instructions. Remember that aftershocks, sometimes large enough to cause damage in their own right ,generally follow large quakes. If you leave home, leave a message telling your friends and family your loc

18、ation.5What is advised to do before an earthquake?AMaking a date with your family the way of reuniting.BPreparing enough food for more than a week.CMaking sure of your telephones in hand.DCalling your distant relatives to help.6What is the main idea of paragraph three?ANever drive when in earthquake

19、.BKeep calm when in earthquake.CNever run away when in earthquake.DDo and dont when in earthquake.7Why is asked to close the main valves and control boxes?ATo reduce the resources.BTo avoid the possible fire.CTo better the environment.DTo avoid the outbreak of earthquake.8What will we do after an ea

20、rthquake?AIts a good idea to drive to a safe place.BStay near a door to protect you.CGet hold of the latest information.DCall everyone to help you.（2023春江苏淮安高一统考期中）Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples. It has been an unusual day. The sky was dark but the

21、re were few clouds. As they drove up the street, there started to be a rumbling (隆隆的) sound heard across the ground.Jasons father immediately realized that a tornado (龙卷风) was coming. He stopped the car and told Jason to get out of the car and made their way to the closest building. By this time the

22、 wind was blowing harder, and it was hard to see or hear. Debris (残骸) was falling all over the place. Jason couldnt see his dad anymore. He also realized that he wasnt getting to the building fast enough. He was afraid that he would be picked up by the wind and thrown into the air.As he made his way

23、 towards the building, he noticed a field to his right. He could see an irrigation ditch (灌溉渠). In a panic, he scrambled (爬) to the ditch and lay flat on the ground. More debris and objects flew overhead.His heart was beating hard, and he was nervous. He had never been in a tornado before. After a w

24、hile, the winds died down and the loud roaring sound was gone. Jason slowly lifted his head and nervously looked around. What he saw was a great mess. Jason could hardly recognize the buildings in front of him because of all the damage.He stood up and with shaky legs walked to the building. Once the

25、re, he pushed the door open and went inside. It was a public building owned by the city. It was empty, but Jason could hear noises further inside. He walked into the large room and saw his dad. He ran across the room and gave him a big hug.“Jason! How are you? Ive been worried about you!” said his f

26、ather. “I couldnt find you anywhere!”Jason breathed a sigh of relief and sat down. He did have a story to tell!9What is the function of paragraph 1?AIt tells the main idea of the story.BIt presents the authors viewpoint.CIt offers the background of the story.DIt indicates bad moods of the main chara

27、cters.10Which of the following can best show the tornado was powerful?AJason tried to see and hear his father.BThe sky was dark but there were few clouds.CLooking around, Jason found everything in a mess.DJason made his way to the closest building in the end.11Which of the following is the right ord

28、er according to the passage?a. Jason nervously looked around from the irrigation ditch.b. Jason ran across the room and gave his father a big hug.c. The winds died down and the loud roaring sound was gone.d. Jason found it hard to get to the nearest building fast enough.e. Jason and his father were

29、going to the grocery to pick up some apples.AedacbBedcabCdacbeDdcabe12What story might Jason tell to his father?AIt was a narrow escape.BIt was an exciting adventure.CIt was a rewarding experience.DIt was an unforgettable lesson.（2020秋陕西渭南高一统考期中）A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought hea

30、vy rains and rising flood-waters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four ho

31、urs, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the areas main roadways. On Twitter, Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.Tuesdays rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost t

32、wo years ago. Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150,000 homes were flooded.A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Man

33、agement spoke with the Houston Chronicle. The spokesman said that this weeks rain is “not in any way a Harvey-level event.”But the worst may not be over yet. People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday. According to the National Weather Service, the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to ex

34、perience heavy rain later in the week. “Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall,” said Don Oettinger, a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家).Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned, “As there is too much water on the ground, these are perfect conditions for flash floo

35、ds, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home. Theres no sense in putting yourself, firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly. ”13What are Paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly about?AHurricane damage in Houston.BFlood prevention in Houston.CHeavy floods hitting Houst

36、on.DPeople fighting heavy snow in Houston.14What do we know about Hurricane Harvey?AIt caused no deaths or injuries.BIt did a lot of damage to Texas.CIt was less serious than this weeks rain.DIt was the biggest hurricane on record.15What can we learn from the weather report of the National Weather S

37、ervice?AFine days are coming.BIt will rain non-stop for a whole month.CA hurricane is unavoidable.DFloods will continue.16What did Samuel suggest local people do?AStay indoors.BJoin firefighters.CGive up needless things.DComfort those who lost homes.（2022秋四川遂宁高一射洪中学校考阶段练习）Have you ever imagined what

38、 will happen in the ocean when an earthquake happens underground? If youve ever felt a big earthquake or seen one on television, you know that it has the power to shake the ground and move large buildings. When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquakes large energy is transfe

39、rred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).Normal ocean waves have an average wavelength (波长) of about 100 meters and an average height of about 2 meters, while a tsunami can have a wave

40、length of 193 kilometers or more. Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.As a tsunami approaches (靠近) a coastline, things begin to chan

41、ge greatly. As it approaches shallow (浅的) waters, the wave speed drops below about 80 kilometers per hour. The wavelength also decreases much, but amplitudethe height of the waveincreases greatly, leading to the huge wall of water along coastlines, which causes great damage to coastal areas.About 80

42、% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning si

43、rens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.17According to the passage, tsunamis are hard to find mainly because of _.Atheir low

44、soundBtheir low heightCtheir fast speedDtheir short wavelength18What does the underlined word “decreases” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AChanges.BDevelops.CReduces.DProduces.19The last paragraph is mainly about _.Ahow to study tsunamisBwhere tsunamis always happenCwhat tsunami warning systems include

45、Dhow to reduce damages caused by tsunamis20Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe word “tsunami” comes from Japanese.BAn earthquake is sure to cause a tsunami.CAbout 80 percent of tsunamis happen in Japan.DTsunamis can be stopped by warning systems.（2023春广东广州高一统考期末）Two thousand

46、 years ago, the ancient Roman city of Caesarea had the largest harbor on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It was a wonder of engineering for its time. Then disaster struck. Written records say a huge wave destroyed the harbor. What kind of wave caused it? Did it ally happen? No one had ev

47、er found the evidence of the wave. until now.Dr Goodman is part of a team of scientists studying samples at Caesarea to figure out what happened in the past. A sample is taken by striking a tube into the seafloor. When the tube is pulled up, it contains sediments (沉淀物) that have collected on the sea

48、floor for hundreds or thousands of years. Looking down through the mixture of sand, stones and other sediments is like looking back in time.Thats what Dr. Goodman was doing when she found something astonishing. It was a layer (层) of shells all came from the time the harbor was destroyed. Dr. Goodman

49、 knew this shell layer had a story to tell.Usually, shells are part of the mixture of sediments collected on the seafloor. A shell layer is as thin as your finger. Yet Dr. Goodman was staring at a layer nearly 1 meter thick! Almost all the shells were broken.The thick layer of broken shells meant a

50、sudden, powerful event swept these shells into the area. The broken shells were evidence that a huge wave really did destroy the harbor. Dr. Goodman could even tell the direction of the wave from the way the shells lined up.Heres what Dr. Goodman thinks happened. First, an earthquake struck north of

51、 Caesarea along the coast. Energy from the movement of rock during the earthquake caused a tsunami. This huge wave raced across the sand and kicked up shells along the way and broke them into pieces. Finally, the wave crashed into the harbor and destroyed it.Dr. Goodman plans to gather evidence for

52、other ancient tsunamis along the Mediterranean coast. This will help her predict what areas are likely to be struck by future tsunamis. Then people can avoid building in these areas.21What can be learned about the Caesarea harbor?AIt was the largest in the world.BIt was destroyed by a tsunami.CIt is

53、 a mystery whether it existed.DIt is studied by many engineers now.22How did Dr. Goodman obtain the sample at Caesarea?ABy studying underwater.BBy analyzing the mixture.CBy digging for ancient shells.DBy collecting sediments in a tube.23Which is the evidence to solve the historical mystery?AThe dire

54、ction of the wave.BThe diversity of sediments.CThe way the shells lined up.DThe thick layer of broken shells.24Which can be the best title of the passage?AShells Tell the StoryBScientists Predict DisastersCUnderwater Clues for FutureDSea Exploration of Mediterranean（2023春山东菏泽高一统考期末）Humans can race t

55、o get out of a hurricanes path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that cant simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes in the environment, which encourages

56、 them to get out of harms way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. However, strong winds can push birds hundreds of miles away from their home. Young or weak birds can become separated from the rest of their group and o

57、ften have difficulty making it home.Fish can also be affected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisianas Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands. The rotting (腐烂的) organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen

58、 in the water, killing the fish. Some fish will often find sheltered areas during hurricanes, but theyre not always safe. Dolphins have occasionally been blown to shore during big hurricanes.There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm

59、 wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and cant bear the salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.Many animals lose their regular food supply when a hurricane arrives, as strong winds and rains destro

60、y trees of fruits, nuts and berries. During Hurricane Andrew, about one-quarter of Louisianas public oyster seed (牡蛎种苗) grounds were destroyed. Because the oysters were an important food source for some birds on Louisianas barrier Islands, the birds suffered mass death as a direct result of the hurr

61、icane.25What can we learn from paragraph 2?ABirds are adapting to a changing climate.BBirds can sense the coming of a hurricane.CBirds migrate at certain times of every year.DBirds habitats are destroyed by hurricanes.26What causes fish in south Louisianas Atchafalaya Basin to die after Hurricane An

62、drew in 1992?APoisonous leaves.BAir pollution.CA lack of oxygen.DThe loss of shelters.27What could be the effect of hurricane-related water?AOcean ecosystem is destroyed.BSea salt production is reduced.CMany animals move away from their habitats.DThere would be less fresh water on the earth.28What c

63、an be a suitable title for the text?AAnimals suffer more than humans during a hurricaneBWhat happens to animals during a hurricane?CWhy do animals migrate earlier than usual?DAnimals might face serious threats（2023春四川成都高一石室中学校考期末）Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberi

64、a warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regio

65、ns. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored bac

66、k into space tends to give rise to cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fires in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are rel

67、eased into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone(臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the s

68、un to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth

69、of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a consequence of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every

70、80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from gr

71、eenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.29According to the new findings, the prevention of northern forest fires may _.Alead to a longer fire seasonBres

72、ult in a warming climateCconserve the environment thereDcause frequent forest fires30Earlier studies about northern forest fires _.Asuggest that the fires will quicken climate warmingBindicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereCanalyze over-all aspects of how northern fires influence clim

73、ateDreveal that measures should be taken to protect the environment31The underlined phrase “soaked up” in the last paragraph most probably means _.AreleasedBabsorbedCreflectedDdistributed32From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may _.Awarm the clima

74、te as the supposition goesBhelp to gain more energy rather than release more energyCdestroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceDreflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate参考答案：1A 2B 3D 4C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等。1推理判断题。根据第一段“Earthquak

75、e forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到今天，无数科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。)”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A项。2推理判断题。根据第三段“The first known forecast was

76、made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. (大约2500年前，西罗斯的费雷西德斯成为第一个知名的预测家。他在从井中舀水时注意到通常非常清澈的水突然变得浑浊。果然，两天后发生

77、了一次地震，使费雷西德斯成名。)”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象预测的地震。故选B项。3推理判断题。根据第四段末“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes, Bruneau said. Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction. (Bruneau说：科学家们已经尝试了各种可能的方法来预测地震。布鲁诺说。没有人能够破解它并做出可信的预测。)”可推知，Bruneau认为科学家

78、没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D项。4主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of comin

79、g quakes. (地震预报是人类已知的最古老的技能之一。从古希腊到现在，无数的科学家试图开发预测地震的工具。他们的尝试通常集中在寻找可靠的地震前兆证据上.)”可知，文章说明了地震预报是古老的技能，解释了地震预报困难的原因以及地震预报的历史和方法等，故本文的主旨是地震预报方法。故选C项。5A 6D 7B 8C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了在地震发生前如何做准备；地震发生时以及地震发生后应该采取什么措施。【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二自然段中“Its also a good idea to decide ahead of time how and where your family w

80、ill reunite if separated during a quake. (如果在地震中家人分离，提前决定如何以及在哪里团聚也是一个好主意。)”可知，在地震发生前，你要提前决定与如何与家人重聚。故选A。2. 主旨大意题。根据第三自然段“If youre indoors, stay there. Get under a desk or table. The kitchen is a particularly dangerous spot. If youre in an office building, stay away from windows and outside walls an

81、d do not use the elevator. If youre outside, get into the open. Stay clear of buildings, power lines or anything else that could fall on you. If youre driving, move the car out of traffic and stop. Avoid parking under or on bridges or overpasses.(如果你在室内，待在那里。躲在桌子下面。厨房是一个特别危险的地方。如果你在办公楼，远离窗户和外墙，不要使用电

82、梯。如果你在外面，就到户外去。远离建筑物、电线或任何可能砸到你的东西。如果你在开车，把车驶出车流并停车。避免在桥下或桥上停车。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了地震时该做与不该做的事情。故选D。3. 细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Check for fire. If you smell gas, shut off the main gas valve. If theres sign of damage to electrical wiring, shut off the power at the control box.(检查是否起火。如果你闻到煤气味，关闭煤气总阀。如果有电线损坏的迹象，请关闭控制箱

83、的电源。)”可知，关闭主阀门和控制箱是为了避免火灾的发生。故选B。4. 细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Listen to the radio for important information and instructions.(收听收音机，了解重要信息和指示。)”可知，地震后我们要掌握最新的信息。故选C。9C 10C 11B 12A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了杰森和爸爸平安地躲过一场龙卷风的故事。9推理判断题。根据第一段“Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples

84、. It has been an unusual day. The sky was dark but there were few clouds. As they drove up the street, there started to be a rumbling (隆隆的) sound heard across the ground.”（杰森和他的父亲开车去杂货店买一些苹果。这是不寻常的一天。天空很黑，但很少有云。当他们沿着街道行驶时，地面上开始传来隆隆声。）可知，杰森和他的父亲将开车去杂货店买一些苹果，而当时天空很黑，当他们沿着街道行驶时，地面上开始传来隆隆声，可推知，本段主要介绍了故事

85、发生的背景。故选C。10细节理解题。根据第二段中“By this time the wind was blowing harder, and it was hard to see or hear. Debris (残骸) was falling all over the place. Jason couldnt see his dad anymore. ”（这时风刮得更大了，看不见也听不见。残骸到处都是。杰森再也见不到他爸爸了。）第三段中“More debris and objects flew overhead.”（更多的碎片和物体从头顶飞过。）第四段中“What he saw was a

86、great mess.”（他所看到的是一片狼藉。）这些细节都说明了龙卷风的强大威力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。11细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples.It has been an unusual day. The sky was dark but there were few clouds. ”（杰森和他的父亲开车去杂货店买一些苹果。这是不寻常的一天。天空很黑）预示了龙卷风即将到来。第二段中“By this time the wind wa

87、s blowing harder, and it was hard to see or hear. Debris (残骸) was falling all over the place. Jason couldnt see his dad anymore. He also realized that he wasnt getting to the building fast enough. ”（这时风刮得更大了，看不见也听不见。残骸到处都是。杰森再也见不到他爸爸了。他也意识到他到达大楼的速度不够快。）可知，龙卷风太大，杰森感觉自己很难抵达距离最近的大楼。第四段中“After a while,

88、the winds died down and the loud roaring sound was gone.”（过了一会儿，风停了，响亮的咆哮声也消失了。）说明龙卷风结束了。第四段中“Jason slowly lifted his head and nervously looked around. ”（杰森慢慢抬起头，紧张地环顾四周。）发生在龙卷风结束后。倒数第三段最后一句“It was empty, but Jason could hear noises further inside. He walked into the large room and saw his dad. He r

89、an across the room and gave him a big hug.”（里面是空的，但杰森能听到里面的声音。他走进大房间，看到了他的爸爸。他穿过房间，给了他一个大大的拥抱。）经过寻找，杰森找到了他的父亲。以上细节讲述了事情发展的顺序，结合选项，选项B符合题意，故选B。12推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了杰森和爸爸躲过一场突然而至的龙卷风的故事，杰森通过自我保护，在一处灌溉渠里，他平躺在地上躲过了灾难；与此同时，父亲在一所损毁的公共建筑里躲过了龙卷风。经过寻找，杰森最终和父亲团聚。根据最后一段中“He did have a story to tell!”（他确实有故事要讲给父

90、亲!）可推知，这里杰森要讲给父亲的故事应是他如何在龙卷风中死里逃生。故选A。13C 14B 15D 16A【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍一场风暴袭击了休斯敦，引发了大量降水和城市内水位上涨，当地政府提醒人们未来几天大雨天气还将继续，希望大家注意安全，尽量待在家里，不要将自己，消防员或任何人置于不必要的危险之中。13主旨大意题。根据第一段“A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising floodwaters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city

91、 had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads. (周二，一场风暴袭击了德克萨斯州的休斯顿。它带来了暴雨和不断上涨的洪水。截至周二晚上，该市部分地区的降雨量达到了10英寸。警察和消防员帮助人们转移到安全的地方。他们还从被困在道路上的汽车和公共汽车上救出了人)”以及第二段第二句“Cars could not pass throu

92、gh any of the areas main roadways. (汽车无法通过该地区的任何主要道路)”可知，第一、二段主要在描写大量降水导致休斯敦城市内洪水泛滥造成的后果，故选C项。14细节理解题。根据第三段“Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150,000 home

93、s were flooded.(2017年8月的哈维飓风是美国历史上损失第二严重的飓风。它在德克萨斯州造成了价值1250亿美元的损失。在休斯顿地区，36人死亡，约15万所房屋被淹)”可知，席卷德克萨斯州的哈维飓风造成了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。故选B项。15推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“According to the National Weather Service, the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week. “Today should be our quietest over

94、the next few days for rainfall,” said Don Oettinger, a National Weather Service meteorologist (气象学家).(美国国家气象局表示，本周晚些时候，德克萨斯海湾沿岸将继续经历大雨。“今天应该是未来几天降雨最少的一天，”美国国家气象局气象学家Don Oettinger说)”可知，今天应该是未来几天降雨最少的一天，接下来几天德克萨斯海湾沿岸将继续经历大雨天气，故推知，届时洪水必然会再次泛滥。故选D项。16细节理解题。根据最后一段“As there is too much water on the ground

95、, these are perfect conditions for flash floods, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home. Theres no sense in putting yourself, firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly.(由于地面上有太多的水，这是山洪暴发的完美条件，所以我们希望人们小心他们的所作所为，并鼓励他们待在家里。把你自己、消防员或任何人置于不必要的危险之中是没有意义的)”可知，

96、他希望人们注意安全，并鼓励他们待在家里。故选A。17B 18C 19D 20A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地下发生地震时海洋里会发生什么现象。17细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.(海啸

97、在深海中以每小时800公里的速度移动，高度可能只有0.9米，这使得它几乎不可能被注意到，即使是在该地区的船只。)”可知，由于海啸的高度只有0.9米，所以很难被注意到。故选B。18词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文的“but amplitudethe height of the waveincreases greatly(但振幅波的高度会大大增加)”中的“but”可推测，划线单词和increase“增加”词义相反。选项A“Changes (改变)”；选项B“Develops. (发展)”；选项C“Reduces (减少)”；选项D“Produces (制作)”。故选C。19主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段

98、“About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and w

99、arning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.(大约80%的海啸发生在太平洋。海啸是无法预防的，但是经常遭受海啸的地区已经开发了海啸预警系统，以便向沿海地区的居民提供尽可能多的预警。例如，在日本海岸

100、线附近的山顶上有海啸预警标志和警报器。许多日本沿海社区已经修建了海啸墙、闸门和其他设施，以阻止或改变即将到来的海啸的水流方向。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是海啸是无法预防的，但是我们可以采取措施减少海啸造成的损害。故选D。20细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquakes large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsun

101、ami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).(当海底发生大地震时，地震的巨大能量被转移到它上面的水，产生一系列的水波，称为海啸。这个词来自日语单词tsu(港口)和nami(波浪)。)”可知，“tsunami”这个单词源自日语。故选A。21B 22D 23D 24A【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一个科学家小组的成员Goodman博士通过厚厚的贝壳层发现了摧毁凯撒利亚港口的巨浪存在的证据。21细节理解题。根据第一段中“Written records say a huge wave

102、destroyed the harbor. What kind of wave caused it? Did it ally happen? No one had ever found the evidence of the wave. until now.(文字记载说一场巨浪摧毁了港口。什么样的波浪引起的？真的发生了吗？从来没有人发现过海浪存在的证据直到现在)”以及第五段中“The broken shells were evidence that a huge wave really did destroy the harbor.(破碎的贝壳证明了一场巨浪确实摧毁了港口)”可知，已经发现证据

103、表明是一场巨浪摧毁了凯撒利亚港口，故选B。22细节理解题。根据第二段中“A sample is taken by striking a tube into the seafloor. When the tube is pulled up, it contains sediments (沉淀物) that have collected on the seafloor for hundreds or thousands of years.(样品是通过把管子打入海底来采集的。当管子被拉起时，它包含了在海底收集了数百年或数千年的沉淀物)”可知，Goodman博士是通过收集打入海底的管道中的沉淀物来获得

104、凯撒利亚港口的样品。故选D。23细节理解题。根据第五段中“The thick layer of broken shells meant a sudden, powerful event swept these shells into the area. The broken shells were evidence that a huge wave really did destroy the harbor.(厚厚的一层破碎的贝壳意味着一个突然的、强大的事件将这些贝壳卷进了这个地区。破碎的贝壳证明了一场巨浪确实摧毁了港口)”可知，厚厚的一层破碎贝壳证明了一场巨浪确实摧毁了港口，故它是解决这个历

105、史之谜的证据，故选D。24主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Dr. Goodman knew this shell layer had a story to tell.(Goodman博士知道这个壳层有故事要讲)”可知，文章主要讲述一个科学家小组的成员Goodman博士通过厚厚的贝壳层发现了摧毁凯撒利亚港口的巨浪存在的证据，故A项“贝壳讲述故事”为最佳标题，故选A。25B 26C 27A 28B【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了飓风对动物的各种影响。25细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds may be able to sense air pressure and other changes i

106、n the environment, whiche ncourages them to get out of harms way. Some birds will even speed up their migration (迁徙) leaving earlier than usual if a serious hurricane is approaching. (鸟类可能能够感知气压和环境中的其他变化，这鼓励它们远离危险。如果一场严重的飓风即将来临，一些鸟类甚至会加速迁徙，比平时更早离开)”可知，鸟能感觉到飓风的来临。故选B。26细节理解题。根据第三段“Fish can also be af

107、fected. After Hurricane Andrew in 1992, about 184 million fish died in south Louisianas Atchafalaya Basin alone. Strong winds blew leaves off trees, blowing them into wetlands.The rotting(腐烂的)organic material to extremely low levels of oxygen in the water,killing the fish. (鱼类也会受到影响。1992年安德鲁飓风过后，仅路易

108、斯安那州南部的阿查法拉亚盆地就有1.84亿条鱼死亡。强风把树叶从树上吹落，吹到湿地。腐烂的有机物质使水中的氧气含量极低，杀死了鱼)”可知，1992年安德鲁飓风过后，缺少氧气导致路易斯安那州南部阿查法拉亚盆地的鱼类死亡。故选C。27细节理解题。根据第四段“There are many other dangers that come with hurricane-related water. Sharp rise of saltwater onshore can harm wildlife and plants that live in the freshwater and cant bear t

109、he salt content.Heavy rain can also affect the balance of fresh and salt water in some areas, harming the creatures that live in them.(与飓风有关的水还会带来许多其他危险。岸上咸水的急剧上升会伤害生活在淡水中的野生动物和植物，它们无法承受海水的含盐量。大雨还会影响某些地区淡水和盐水的平衡，伤害生活在其中的生物)”可知，与飓风有关的水会破坏海洋生态系统。故选A。28主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans can race to get out of a hurric

110、anes path. Some animals can sense a hurricane coming and leave quickly, but there are animals that cant simply get out of the way. Here are the various effects of hurricanes on animals.(人类可以竞相逃离飓风的路径。有些动物能感觉到飓风的来临并迅速离开，但有些动物不能简单地让路。这是飓风对动物的各种影响)”可知，文章针对飓风对动物的各种影响展开叙述。What happens to animals during a

111、 hurricane?（飓风来袭时动物会怎么样?）符合最佳标题。故选B。29B 30A 31B 32D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温。29细节理解题。根据第二段“This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern re

112、gions. (这一发现表明，采取措施防止北部森林火灾以限制温室气体的释放可能会使北部地区的气候变暖。)”可知，根据新的发现，采取措施预防北部森林火灾可能导致气候变暖。故选B。30细节理解题。根据第三段“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and

113、thus trap heat. (其他科学家的早期研究表明，北部地区的火灾会加速气候变暖，因为燃烧树木和植物产生的温室气体会释放到大气中，从而锁住热量。)”可知，其他科学家早先的研究表明，北方地区的火灾会加速气候变暖。故选A。31词义猜测题。根据第二段“Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. (地球吸收的阳光往往会导致变暖，而反射回太空的热量往往会导致冷却。)”以及划线短语所在句子 “Specificall

114、y, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. (具体来说，他们确定，当火灾比预测提前20年再次发生时，地球每平方米燃烧的面积会soaked up0.5瓦的温室气体，但每平方米0.9瓦的热量会被送回太

115、空。)”可知，这里的soaked up表示“吸收”。A. released释放；B. absorbed吸收；C. reflected反射；D. distributed分配。故选B。32推理判断题。根据第一段“Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. (与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温。)”可知，与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪反射更多的阳光进入太空的地区，可能会出现降温。故选D。