Unit1Grammar 讲义2022-2023学年牛津译林版九年级英语下册.docx

1、9BUnit1 Grammar-代词it的用法。代词it的用法-it在句中可作人称代词非人称代词形式主语和形式宾语等。一、it作人称代词。(Using it as a pronoun.)1.指代除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：1.)明朝和清朝的皇帝曾住在故宫，但它在1925年的时候被变成了博物馆。The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live in the Palace Museum. But it was turned into a museum in 1925. (it表示：the Palace Museum )2.) 萨姆只

2、是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。Sam picked up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (it指the computer) 3.)湖很大，占了四分之三的面积。The lake is very big it takes up three quarters of the area. (it指the lake) 4. )Look at the bird. It is so small.(it指the bird).2.指代人。主要用于指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人；指谈话双方都知

3、道的或都不知道的人（尤指打电话和敲门的状态下）。 E.g. 如： - Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who it was.(it指未知的人) -Who is it ? - Its me.（谈话双方都知道的人）-Who is the person over there? -It is the headmaster.(it指不确指性别的人)My sister will have a baby soon. We guess it will be a boy.(it指不知

4、性别的婴儿)3.代替某些代词。代词it还可用于代替指示代词this, that以及复合不定代词something, anything等。如：-Whats this / that? 这/那是什么？ -Its an orange. 这/那是一个橘子。4.指代前文出现的动作、状况和主意等。Tourists like to take a boat trip along the Lijiang River. It is a great fun.Riding around the countryside is popular in Guilin, isnt it?We could not row a bo

5、at there. It was really a pity. 二、it作非人称代词。(Using it as an impersonal pronoun.)1.it用于表示天气、时间、距离、价值、自然现象、环境等。如：1.)表示天气： e.g. How cold it is today!2.)表示时间： e.g. Its about eight oclock.3.)表示距离： e.g. Its 200 kilometers from here.4.)表示价值: e.g. It costs 3000 yuan.5.)指环境。 e.g. Its quiet here. 6.)自然现象：e.g.

6、It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces. 南方下了大雨，在几个省造成了严重洪灾。 (指自然现象)2.it指代前面提到过的或谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。-Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me? -Sure. _? A. What help B. What is this C. What is it D. What do you want3.it组成的惯用语。take it easy (别紧张，放松点)， make it (做到，成功)，bel

7、ieve it or not (信不信由你)， forget it (算了吧)，manage it (设法做成某事)， thats it (这就对了，就这样)，Dont mention it (不用谢)， Its up to you (由你决定)。-According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold. - _, scientists agree with her. A. Sooner or later B. Once in a while C. To be exact D. Be

8、lieve it or not三、it作形式主语。(Using it to replace the real subject.) 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作句子主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。如：1.）It takes him half an hour to walk to school.(不定式)2.）It is nice of you to help me so much.(不定式)3.）It is said that he will go abroad.(that从句的内容)4.）Is

9、it all right if I keep this photo? 我留下这张相片可以吗？（if从句的内容）The doctor thought_ would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it5.）固定句型：It is + adjective + (of/ for) + to 做某事情对某人来说是 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.

10、是（某人）做某事的时候了 It is said/ reported/ that 据说/报道 It is / has been +时段+ since +从句(过去时) 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。四、it作形式宾语。(Using it to replace the real object.)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)的宾语时，为了保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾，此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。如： We fou

11、nd it very pleasant that we worked with them. 我们发现与他们合作很愉快。I dont feel it difficult to understand what he said. 我觉得理解他的话并不难。Wearing red can also make it easier to take action.I found it very difficult to make progress in my study .常用句型：Sb. find/think/ feel + it + adj. + to do 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的。 【辨析】o

12、ne, it, that都可替代上文出现的某个名词，但用法不同。 it常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词；one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词；that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。如：The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.仔细比较：1. A：Which bag is yours? B: The

13、red one.（同类不同个） A: Do you like the pen? B: Yes, I like it.（同类同个）2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put it.（代指我的帽子）I cant find my hat . I think I must buy one. （任一顶帽子，同类） one是“同类不同个”, it就是同一个。3.另外one还可以用作从句的先行词，it不行。如：The one I like best is gone.拓展 替代表特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。三者的区别是:1.代指

14、单数可数名词时，三者均可用; 替代不可数名词时，不能用 the one，而要用it 或 that。 此时 it 与 that 的区别是: 表示同一事物时，用it; 表示同类事物时，用that 或 the one。 如:The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. (it 在此指前面提到的 the weather)The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.(that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类。)My uncle bought me a dictionary and I

15、like it very much. (it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典。)Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.(the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类。)2.代指事物时，三者均可用; 替代人时，只能用 the one。如:-Who is her husband?-The one by the window. 注:当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。3.当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如:-Which do you want?-The red one. She would rat

16、her have the small one than the large one. 4.当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如:My room is better than the one next door. He said he would have the one near him. Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 5.但是，若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。如:The po

17、pulation of China is much larger than that of Japan. A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent. 【语法专项】巩固练习Rewrite the sentences with it.1.Shanghai is about 1.300 kilometers from Beijing. (同义句) = from Beijing to Shanghai.(It is about 1, 300 kilometres)2.Winter is very cold and dry in Beijing

18、. =In winter, _.(it is very cold and dry in Beijing) 3.We arrived in Shanghai on a sunny day. =_ when we arrived in Shanghai.(It was a sunny day) 4.You are kind to say so.=_ to say so. (It is kind of you)5.攀登台阶是累人的。 _ the steps. (Its tiring to climb)()6. Linda found _ tiring to climb the steps. Ait

19、Bit is Cthat it was DA&C()7. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took()8. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going ()9.It is _that he has come to Beijing. A.told B.spoken C.talking D. said ( ) 10. There are so many nice cars in the shop, so I want to buy _.A. one B. it C. that D. this