UNIT6 SURVIVAL——2022-2023学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元测试 WORD版含解析.docx

1、Unit 6 Survival B卷 能力提升2022-2023学年高二英语外研版（2019）选修二单元达标测试卷考试时间：90分钟 满分：120分第一部分 阅读理解（共两节,满分50分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AYour 2019 Reading List, Provided by Bill Gates Do you want to be a billionaire? Most of us cant live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill G

2、ates, but we can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2019though some were published earlier. Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2018) The best-selling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vincis contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of hi

3、s scientific, technological, and creative output. Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. Thats mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience, said Gates. The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui

4、 (2018) Gates calls this graphic novel really impressive. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her to look into her own parents miserable history. I was struck by how the experiences manage to be both universal and sp

5、ecific to their circumstances, said Gates. Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018) Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt(出没) the basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincolns son, who died at 11 in real life. Willies

6、death after the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief hes creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle, said Gates. Origin Story: A Big History of Every things, by David Christian (2018) This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, onl

7、ine social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wis

8、h he talked more about the role technology will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change, said Gates.1.Which books refer to the field of science?A.Leonardo da Vinci and The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir.B.Lincoln in the Bardo and Origin Story: A Big History of Everything.C.Or

9、igin Story: A Big History of Everything and Leonardo da Vinci.D.The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir and Lincoln in the Bardo.2.If you are interested in thrillers, whose book will you most probably choose?A.Walter Isaacson.B.Thi Bui.C.David Christian.D.George Saunders.3.What conclusion can be

10、 drawn from the passage?A.The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir left Gates unfavourable impressions.B.Leonardo da Vinci only made contributions to art.C.David Christian talks much about technology.D.Lincoln in the Bardo has been warmly received.B When an editor called to ask if I could photogr

11、aph fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes. Id seen these insects light up the forests in Tlaxcala once before, and I jumped at the chance to go back. While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mex

12、ico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the countrys natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me. I had t

13、hree nights to film the magical scene in the forest. According to our guides, visitors are usually not allowed to photograph the fireflies because the presence of artificial light from electronics can affect their habits. As I started shooting, I adjusted my exposures constantly to account for the f

14、ading light. In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod (三脚架) on a steep ,rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures. Normally this wouldnt be a big deal, but the fireflies were very interested in the camera and, by extension, in me. I stood completely still whi

15、le they were all over memy arms, my hair, my face. From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasts for only about 20 minutes each night, so I had time for just a few tries. On the last night everything came together. The weather cooperated. I had improved my method for focusing and composing photo

16、s in the dark with quick flashes from a powerful flashlightand Id grown accustomed to insects on my face. I was rewarded with the image you see here. Each dot of light is one of several bursts that a firefly makes as it travels within a 30-second exposure. You can track the insects paths: some make

17、small circles, like those in the bottom center of the frame, while others move steadily in one direction or another.1.How did the author feel about the editors request?A.Nervous.B.Delighted.C.Confused.D.Regretful.2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word reprieve in paragraph 2?A

18、.Relief.B.Return.C.Trend.D.Victory.3.What did the author intend to do during the first two nights?A.Learn about the local travel rules.B.Research the habit of the fireflies.C.Communicate constantly with the guides.D.Find the suitable spot and time to take photos.4.What is the authors purpose in writ

19、ing the text?A.To tell findings about fireflies.B.To share the story behind a photo.C.To record a travelling experience.D.To show the authors working conditions.C Nomophobia, NO Mobile Phone phobia(恐惧) is a 21st century term for the fear of not being able to use your smartphone. Smartphone addiction

20、 is on the rise, surveys show, and a new study released adds to a growing body of evidence that smartphone addiction is harming our minds literally. Smartphone addiction affects many people from all across the globe. Over 1.8 billion people own smartphones and the average owners check their screens

21、150 times a day. Considering those numbers, it shouldnt come as a surprise when 44% of people (compared with 20% in 2011) admit to feeling anxious when they cant have access to their phones. Researchers from Harvard University used brain imaging to study the brains of 19 teenage boys who were diagno

22、sed with smartphone addiction. Compared with 19 teenagers who were not addicted, the brains of the addicted boys had significantly higher levels of GABA, which decelerates neurons (神经元),than levels of glutamate-glutamine, which energizes brain signals. That results in poorer attention and control, w

23、hich you dont want to have, because you want to stay focused. So that means you are easier to get distracted. Addicted teenagers in the study also had significantly higher scores in anxiety, depression and levels of impulsiveness (冲动), said Dr. Leslie Perlow, who led the study. If you seem to have t

24、he symptoms of smart device addiction, experts have some suggestions in addition to mindfulness training. First, turn off your phone at certain times of the day, such as in meetings, when having dinner, playing with your kids, and of course, driving. Remove social media apps, like Facebook and Twitt

25、er from your phone, and only check them from your laptop. Try to stop yourself to 15-minute intervals at set times of the day when it wont affect work or family life. Dont bring your cellphone and its harmful blue light to bed, and use an old-fashioned alarm to wake you. And last, try to replace you

26、r smart device time with healthier activities such as meditating or actually interacting with real people.1.What is the conclusion of the research?A.Smartphone addiction leads to distraction.B.Smartphone addiction easily causes anger.C.Smartphone addiction is harmful to the mind.D.Smartphone addicti

27、on brings about anxiety and depression.2.Where can you find the data that best supports smartphone addiction is on the rise?A.In Paragraph 2.B.In Paragraph 3.C.In Paragraph 4.D.In Paragraph 5.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word decelerates in Paragraph 3?A.Speeds up.B.Slows down

28、.C.Adds to.D.Cuts down.4.Which of the suggestions is encouraged according to the text?A.To use an old-fashioned cellphone.B.To participate in more social activities.C.To stop fifteen-minute intervals.D.To turn off the blue light on the bed.D A recent study by a team of researchers from Canada has un

29、covered that birds living in cities not just are better at problem-solving and more skilled in tasks than those in the suburbs, but also have stronger immune(有免疫力的) systems! The research, headed by Audet, a PhD student at a university, examined the cognitive (认知的) abilities of city birds with those

30、of their country cousins. The team did their study in Barbados because it needed a broad range of situations: from crowded modern cities to the countryside. They began by catching some birds from various parts of the Caribbean Island. The birds were then given several tasks. Some tested their associ

31、ative learning skills while others were to observe how creative they were at problem-solving. While country birds are also much braver, the city birds appear to be more careful when facing unfamiliar things. The results did not surprise the researchers. After all, birds living in cities and towns fa

32、ce many more challenges and dangers than those that live in the country. But as it turns out, the city birds prove to have better immunity and are therefore more resistant (有抵抗力的) to diseases than those living in the countryside. While additional studies need to be done to see if this is true for al

33、l city birds, there is no reason to believe that the results would be any different. Though this is the first time researchers have compared the cognitive abilities of birds living in different conditions, it is not the first study to examine the differences between city and country birds. Previous

34、research has shown that blackbirds in cities are similarly more careful than country blackbirds, and that sparrows and blackbirds living in cities sing at a higher frequency to be heard over city noise and to make up for sound distortions (失真) caused by tall buildings. If only birds knew the advanta

35、ges of living among humans, maybe more would move to cities!1.How are city birds different from country birds according to the research?A.City birds have a weaker immune system because of air pollution.B.City birds are braver when facing unfamiliar things or situations.C.Country birds are less skill

36、ed at jobs requiring creation and skills.D.Country birds have a wider range of challenges to survive.2.What conclusion does the author think further studies will draw?A.Country birds can be taught the advantages of living in cities.B.City birds are more resistant to diseases than country birds.C.Cit

37、y birds are more likely to get sick than country birds.D.Country birds are more careful in dangerous situations.3.Why do city birds sing at a higher frequency than country birds?A.Therere more dangers in cities for them.B.The birds live far away from each other.C.There are a wider range of situation

38、s.D.Theres too much noise in the city.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Research into birds immune systems and learning power.B.City birds are smarter and healthier than country birds.C.What a PhD student has done has surprised the world.D.The necessity and ways to move country birds to cities.第二

39、节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Who would win in a fight, a lion or a tiger? Well, if size has anything to do with the matter, the tiger would win. Thats because tigers are the largest of all cat species. Tigers are not only large, they are also fast. They can dash

40、as fast as 40 miles per hour for short distances and leapas far as 30 feet. _ At the start of the 20th century, there were over 100,000 tigers living in the wild. By the turn of the century, the number of tigers outside of catch had decreased to just over 3,000. Interestingly, the most serious threa

41、ts that tigers face come from a much smaller species, one with an average weight of around 140 lbs. That species is Homo sapiens, better known as humans. _ Tigers are hunted for many reasons._ Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world, one tiger fur is worth around $10,000

42、 on the black market. Though the fur would be an incentive(刺激) for most hunters, other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny. Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have cure functions. Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones,

43、among other parts, to cure some disease. Tigers have also been hunted as a game._ Such killings took place in a large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries, when an English hunter might demand to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting careers. Though this practice is much less popular

44、today than it was in the past, it has not stopped entirely. Humans have done great damage to the worlds tiger population through hunting, but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat. Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of

45、 Russia._ The tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia. This is because humans have heavily changed the environment. Humans built towns and cities. Road and transport systems were created to connect these towns and cities. To feed the people living in these

46、 areas, forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland. A major difficulty of preserving tigers is the large amount of territory (领土,领域) that each tiger requires. Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles. Because tigers need so much territory, it is really difficult to acqui

47、re enough land to support a large population of tigers. A.Humans have done great harm to tigers.B.A lion is not as large as a tiger but runs faster than it.C.People have long valued the famous striped(有条纹的) skins.D.But over the past 100 years, tigers have lost 93% of their historic range.E.Humans th

48、reaten tigers in primarily two ways: hunting and destroying their habitat.F.In other words, people hunt tigers only for the thrill and achievement of killing them.G.You may not think that such large, fast, and fierce tigers need help to survive, but they do.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分1

49、5分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The last complete ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed (倒塌) The Milne Ice Shelf is 1 Ellesmere Island, Canada. The shelf lost2 40 percent of its area in just two days at the end of July, 2020. Above normal air temperatures, offshore winds and

50、 open water in front of the shelf are all parts of the3 for its break-up. The shelf area shrank(缩小) by about 80 square kilometers. By comparison, the island of Manhattan in New York4 about 60 square kilometers. Temperatures in the polar area have been5 intense (强烈的). Summer in the Canadian Arctic in

51、 2020 has been 5 degrees Celsius6 the 30-year average. That has 7 smaller ice caps,8 can melt quickly. As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left9 . This then speeds up the melting 10 . A research camp, including instruments for measuring water flow through the ice shelf, was lost when the shelf

52、at Ellesmere Island collapsed. It was only a 11 of time, said Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center. His study showed the ice caps were 12 to disappear within five years. Their disappearance was 13 last year, when NASA satellite images of the area showed a complete lack of

53、snow and ice. Serrezes 14 trip to the Arctic was many years ago. When I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps, Serreze said. You have the good 15 . Its like your first girlfriend. I want her back.1.A.at the edge ofB.in front ofC.at the back ofD.at the end of2.A.rather th

54、anB.less thanC.other thanD.more than3.A.situationsB.conditionsC.elementsD.problems4.A.combinesB.coversC.evaluatesD.obtains5.A.seriouslyB.especiallyC.naturallyD.nearly6.A.downB.belowC.upD.above7.A.reducedB.brokenC.threatenedD.brought8.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.whose9.A.uncoveredB.coveredC.brokenD.spotted

55、10.A.programB.progressC.projectD.process11.A.questionB.thingC.matterD.concept12.A.possiblyB.likelyC.probablyD.surely13.A.simplifiedB.launchedC.confirmedD.accompanied14.A.researchB.searchC.cultureD.business15.A.dreamsB.ideasC.attitudesD.memories第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

56、。 As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact_ these huge creatures were being held by only a thin rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no_ (cage). It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds. But for some reason, they did n

57、ot. He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants just stood there and made no attempt _ (get) away. Well, the trainer said, when they were very young and much _ (small), we used the same size rope to tie them, and at that age, it was enough to hold them. As they grow up, they _ (condition)

58、to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them,_ they never try to break free. The man was amazed. These elephants could at any time break free from their bonds but because they _ (believe) they couldnt, they were stuck right where they were. Like the elephants, how man

59、y of us go through life _ (hang) onto the belief that we cannot do something,_ (simple) because we failed in it once before? _ (fail) is part of learning. We should never give up the struggle in life.第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节 （满分15分）假设你是李华,最近你所在的城市发生了严重的地震,你的英国好友Alan非常关心,发邮件询问目前的情况。请你给他写封回信,向他介绍情况,内容包括以

60、下几点: 1.感谢关心; 2.介绍目前的情况; 3.表达信心。注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。Dear Alan, Im glad to receive your email._Yours,Li Hua第二节 （满分25分）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 If Mum finds out that Im going to the beach, Ill be in big trouble, I said to myself softly in a low

61、 voice. I went downstairs slowly and tried to walk casually into the kitchen. As I was walking towards the back door, Mum asked without looking up from her dish-washing, Where are you going? I answered back without hesitation, I am going to the garden to play. After I got out of the kitchen, I breat

62、hed a sign of relief. My plan had worked out fine so far. I climbed the fence, jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed. After half an hour I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends, Jimmy and Bobby. After a while, I saw them near

63、a coconut tree. I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunk(游泳裤). For about an hour, we played volleyball happily. Suddenly, Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea. Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away f

64、rom the shore. I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I declared that I would help get the ball for them. I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace. After swimming for about ten minutes, I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an

65、extra burst of speed. However, just as I was going to get the ball, a very strong current swept the ball further away from me. At that moment, a string of weed (水草) tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I could not swim properly. I struggled to keep afloat but it was no use. If I had listened to my paren

66、ts, this would never have happened, I thought silently.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Paragraph 1 : Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater. _Paragraph 2 : When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed. _答案以及解析第一部分 阅读理解第一节A.答案：1-3.CDD解析：1.细节理解题。Leonardo da Vinci.部分的The b

67、est-selling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vincis contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his scientific, technological, and creative output.提到达芬奇不仅在艺术方面有贡献,而且在科学技术和发明创造领域也有着卓越的贡献。Origin Story: A Big Histor, of Everything.部分的This new book is by t

68、he creator of Big History, a free, online social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science.提到了科学。所以这两本书中都提到了科学,故选C。2.推理判断题。根据文章中Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for

69、this novel.可知,Saunders是一位资深短篇小说家,他的这部小说赢得了很高的评价,由此判断出,Lincoln in the Bardo很受欢迎,D选项正确,故选D。3.细节理解题。根据文章中Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt the basement of Willie Lincoln. Abraham Lincolns son, who died at 11 in real life.可知

70、Lincoln in the Bardo是惊悚小说,如果你对惊悚小说感兴趣,应该选择George Saunders的书,故选D。 B.答案：1-4.BADB解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的When an editor called to ask if I could photograph fireflies in Mexico, I didnt check my schedule before I said yes.及I jumped at the chance to go back可知,作者没有确认自己的行程就一口答应了编辑的请求,由此推知,作者很乐意、高兴、激动或者迫不及待地接受了这个

71、请求。故选B项。2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories dont reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love.可知,作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作,记录着墨西哥

72、人每天都面临的危险状况,而这样的新闻反映不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机会,对作者来说是一个开心的缓解机会。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据第三段中In order to get the composition that I wanted, I placed my tripod on a steep, rocky path and had to steady it during the long exposures.及From what I observed, peak firefly presence lasts for only about 20 minutes

73、each night, so I had time for just a few tries.可知,前两个晚上作者主要是挑选合适的地点和时间拍摄照片。故选D项。4.推理判断题。根据文章内容,尤其是最后一段第一句I was rewarded with the image you see here.(我得到了你们在这里看到的图像。)可知,本篇文章的目的是向读者介绍作者拍摄的照片背后的故事,故选B项。 C.答案：1-4.CABB解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的a new study released adds to a growing body of evidence that smartpho

74、ne addiction is harming our minds literally 可知,研究表明,智能手机成瘾正在伤害我们的大脑。故选C。2.推理判断题。文章第二段引入了和智能手机上瘾有关的若干数据,具体说明了智能手机使用的大致人数、使用时间及受到影响的人数等。特别是根据第三句Considering those numbers, it shouldnt come as a surprise when 44%of people(compared with 20% in 2011)admit to feeling anxious when they cant have access to t

75、heir phones.可知,第二段提供了数据,说明智能手机上瘾在持续增多。故选A。3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的.than levels of glutamate-glutamine, which energizes brain signals. That results in poorer attention and control可知,智能手机上瘾使得注意力分散,这是因为它让神经元的活动变慢。由此可知,decelerates与slows down的意思相同。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句And last, try to replace your smart device t

76、ime with healthier activities such as meditating or actually interacting with real people.(最后,试着用更健康的活动来取代你在智能设备上花的时间,比如冥想或与真人互动。)可知,作者建议多参加社交活动。故选B。 D.答案：1-4.CBDB解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的birds living in cities.in the suburbs(生活在城市中的鸟不仅比那些在郊区的鸟更擅长解决问题,在任务上更熟练)可知,在需要创造性和技能的事情方面,农村的鸟不如城市的鸟熟练。由第一段中的but also h

77、ave stronger immune(有免疫力的) systems(它们也有更强的免疫系统)可知,A项“因为空气污染,城市的鸟的免疫系统更脆弱”与文意不符;由第二段最后一句While country. things.(尽管乡村的鸟也更勇敢,但是在面对不熟悉的事物时,城市的鸟显得更小心。)可知,B项“城市的鸟在面对不熟悉的事物或情况时更勇敢”也与文意不符;由第三段第二句After all. in the country.(毕竟,生活在城市中的鸟比那些生活在乡村的鸟面对的挑战和危险更多。)可知D项“乡村的鸟为了生存有更广泛的挑战”不符合文意。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句While

78、additional studies. any different.(虽然需要做额外的研究,看看这对于所有城市的鸟来说是否准确,但没有理由相信会有任何不同的结果。)可知,接下来的研究是要证明是否城市里的鸟都比乡村的鸟免疫力更强、抵抗疾病的能力更强。文章最后一句提及“如果鸟知道生活在人类中的好处,或许更多的鸟会迁到城市”的观点是以前研究的结论,且不是A项所说的“乡村的鸟可以被教会生活在城市的好处”;研究结果表明“城市的鸟免疫力更强”,所以C项“城市的鸟可能比乡村的鸟更容易生病”不正确;D项“乡村的鸟在危险的情况下更小心”也与文意不符。故选B项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的sing at a

79、higher frequency to be heard over city noise可知,城市里的鸟啼叫的频率更高才能压过城市噪音而被其他鸟听见。A项“城市对它们来说有更多的危险”、B项“城市的鸟彼此住得远”、C项“有更多的情况”均不是城市的鸟啼叫的频率更高的原因。故选D项。4.主旨大意题。全文介绍了针对城市的鸟和乡村的鸟所做的研究,结果发现城市的鸟比乡村的鸟更能创造性地解决问题,且具有更强的免疫力。A项“对鸟类免疫系统和学习能力的研究”;C项“一位博士生所做的事情使全世界惊讶”和D项“把乡村的鸟迁往城市的必要性和方法”都不是文章的主要内容。故选B项。 第二节答案：GECFD解析：本文是一

80、篇说明文。作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者世界上的老虎濒临灭绝主要是由于人类对老虎的猎杀以及对其生存环境的破坏。 由篇章结构可知,设空处是一个过渡句;根据前文描述“老虎不仅体型庞大,而且速度也很快。它们在短距离内的冲刺速度可达每小时40英里,跳跃可达30英尺远。”和下一段前两句“在20世纪初,有超过10万只老虎生活在野外。到世纪之交时,未被捕获的老虎数量减少到了3,000 多只。”可知,设空处表示的是老虎的生存受到的威胁。G项“你可能认为如此庞大、快速、凶猛的老虎不需要帮助来生存,但它们确实需要(帮助)。”承上启下,过渡自然。故选G。上文“有趣的是,老虎面临的最严重的威胁来自一个(比它们

81、)小得多的物种,一个平均体重约140磅的物种。那个物种就是智人,也就是我们更熟知的人类。”与E项“人类主要从两个方面威胁老虎:狩猎和破坏它们的栖息地”承接自然,上下文话题一致,都讲述人类对老虎的威胁,故选E。 根据空前“老虎被猎杀的原因有很多。”和空后“虽然现在在世界大部分地区,买卖虎皮是非法的,但在黑市上,一张虎皮的价值约为1万美元。”可知,设空处谈论的是老虎被猎杀的一个原因是人们为了获得虎皮。C项“人们长期以来都很珍视这种著名的条纹皮。”符合题意。故选C。 根据空前“猎杀老虎也被当作一种游戏。”可知,设空处是对这种行为的进一步解释。F项“换言之,人们猎杀老虎只是为了获得杀死它们的刺激和成就

82、。”承接上一句,对上一句进行解释说明,符合题意。故选F。根据空前“老虎曾经遍布亚洲各地,从土耳其到俄罗斯东海岸的所有地方。”和空后“老虎现在被孤立在南亚和东南亚的小地方。”可知,设空处谈论的是老虎的生存范围缩小了。D项“但是在过去的100年里,老虎已经失去了它们的历史(分布)范围的93%。”承上启下,符合题意。故选D。第二部分 语言知识运用第一节答案：1-5.ADCBB; 6-10.DCAAD; 11-15.CBCAD解析：1.考查介词短语辨析。句意:米尔恩冰架位于加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛的边缘。at the edge of在的边缘;in front of在的前面;at the back of在的后

83、部;at the end of在结尾。故选A。2.考查固定短语辨析。句意:在2020年7月底,仅仅两天时间,该冰架面积就减少了超过40%。rather than而不是;less than远不是;other than除以外;more than超过。根据上文The last complete ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed(倒塌).(加拿大北极地区最后一个完整的冰架崩塌了。)可知,此处指2020年7月底冰架面积减少了40%以上。故选D。3.考查名词辨析。句意:高于正常气温、离岸风和大陆架前的开放水域都是导致其断裂的部分要素。situat

84、ion情况;condition条件;element要素;problem问题。故选C。4.考查动词辨析。句意:相比之下,纽约的曼哈顿岛占地大约60平方公里。combine组合,结合;cover占(一片面积);evaluate评价;obtain获得。根据60 square kilometers可知,此处表示岛屿覆盖的范围。故选B。5.考查副词辨析。句意:极地地区的温度尤其高。seriously严重地;especially尤其;naturally自然地;nearly几乎。故选B。6.考查介词辨析。句意:2020年加拿大北极地区的夏季比30年来的平均气温高出5摄氏度。down向下;below在下面;u

85、p向,在(较高位置);above在之上。根据上文The shelf lost more than 40 percent of its area in just two days at the end of July,2020.可知,冰架的融化是由于2020年的气温比往年更高。故选D。7.考查动词辨析。句意:那已经威胁到可以迅速融化的较小的冰盖。reduce减少;break破坏;threaten威胁;bring带来。故选C。8.考查关系词辨析。分析句子结构,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ice caps,关系词在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词which引导。故选A。9.考查形容词辨析。句

86、意:随着冰川的消失,更多的基岩裸露在外。uncovered裸露的;暴露的;covered有顶的;broken破损的;spotted有斑点的。故选A。10.考查名词辨析。句意:然后这就加速了融化过程。program项目;progress进步;project方案,工程;process过程,进程。根据As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left uncovered.可知,冰川融化导致的基岩裸露加速了融化的过程。故选D。11.考查名词辨析。此处表示“这只是时间问题。question疑问;thing事件;matter问题;concept概念,观念。a mat

87、ter of.为常用搭配,意为问题”。故选C。12.考查形容词和副词辨析。句意:他的研究表明,冰盖有可能在五年内消失。possibly有可能地;likely可能的,或许的;probably很可能,大概;surely必定,当然。sb/sth. be likely to do sth.为固定短语,意为“某人/某物有可能做某事”。故选B。13.考查动词辨析。句意:去年,(美国)国家航空和航天局的卫星图像显示,该地区完全没有冰雪,这证实了冰盖的消失。simplify使简化;launch发起,发动;confirm证实;accompany陪伴。故选C。14.考查名词辨析。句意:Serreze的北极考察之旅

88、是许多年前的事了。research调查,研究;search搜寻,搜索;culture文化;business生意。故选A。15.考查名词辨析。此处表示“你有美好的回忆”。dream梦想;idea想法,主意;attitude态度;memory回忆。根据上文When I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps可知,根据Serreze的描述,当年的极地考察之旅是美好的回忆。故选D。第二节答案：that; cages; to get; smaller; are conditioned; so; believed

89、; hanging; simply; Failure解析：本文是一篇记叙文。一个人因为大象的事情而感到困惑,他去请教驯兽师,被告知大象因为自己认为自己不能逃脱而习惯于被束缚。 考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明fact的具体内容,that不作句子成分,不可以省略。考查名词复数。句意:没有链子,(也)没有笼子。根据前面的chains和设空处前无冠词可知此处用复数。考查非谓语动词。句意:他看到附近的一位驯兽师,就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里,不试着逃脱。make no attempt to do sth.不尝试做某事。考查形容词的比较级。此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候,且前有much

90、修饰,故用形容词的比较级。考查固定用法。句意:随着它们长大,它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱。be conditioned to do sth.习惯于做某事。考查连词。设空处前后为因果关系,所以用so。考查动词的时态。根据前边的could和空后宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时。考查非谓语动词。hang和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词短语作状语。考查副词。此处应用副词作状语。 考查名词。句意:失败是学习的一部分。此处为名词作主语。第三部分 写作第一节答案： Dear Alan, Im glad to receive your email. Thank you for your concer

91、n. Dont worry about me. A strong earthquake unexpectedly struck my city last week. Lots of houses fell down, causing serious damage. Lots of people were buried in the ruins and many of them lost their lives. Luckily, my family are all safe, so you dont need to worry. Thankfully, our government took

92、many effective measures immediately after it occurred and people all over the world offered their help. I believe the present situation will soon become better.Yours,Li Hua第二节答案： Paragraph 1: Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater. I told myself I should never g

93、ive up. Then I pulled the weed again with great efforts. The weed finally broke. I swam back to the surface to take a deep breath. I saw two young men in canoes, racing each other. I was exhausted and shouted for help. The two men saw me and raced towards me. By the time they reached me, I had alrea

94、dy been unconscious.Paragraph 2: When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed. It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realized that I was in a hospital. Jimmy and Bobby told me the two young men brought me to the shore and sent me to the hospital. After a few minutes, my parent

95、s with half angry and half worried faces walked in. My parents scolded me for running out of the house secretly but were also glad that I was not seriously injured. I will never forget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever want to show off again.解析： 前文提要：我挣扎着保持漂浮，但没有用。“如果我听了我父母的话，这是永远不会发生的

96、，我默默地想。（1）第一段所给首句：Finally，after struggling for a minute or two, I still got pulled underwater.这是一句转折句，接下来应该是作者不放弃，勇敢地游出水面，求救，无论从何角度拓展，需注意与续写第二段首句呼应。（2）第二段首句：When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed.这一句应该是转折句，既然作者醒来，说明他已经被救，接下来应该是作者躺在医院里，一定是通知了他的家人，父母来后一定会生气的，父母会责备他偷偷地跑出了房子，但也很高兴他没有受到严重的伤害。作者永远不会忘记那可怕的经历。他也不想再炫耀了。