专题05 字母E词汇 语法精选非谓语动词 中考题型套餐（解析版）.docx

1、 第五讲 词汇(字母E)、语法精选（非谓语动词）、题型套餐 （首字母+完形填空） 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带号为2023年上海中考新增词汇)单词音标词性中文1earthquakekwekn.地震2economyknmin.经济3education7edukenn.教育，培养4effectfektn效果5efforteftn.努力；艰难的尝试；精力6electricity7lektrstin电7elementary7elmentriadj初级的；基本的8enableneblv.使能够，使有能力9encouragenkrdvt.鼓励10engineer7endn(r)n.工程师；技师11enj

2、oyablendbladj使人愉快的；使人欢乐的12entranceentrnsn入口；入场13environmentnvarnmntn.环境14equalikwladj./v平等的;等于15escapeskepn. & v.逃跑；逃脱16Europeanjrpina.&n.欧洲的；欧洲人的17excellentekslnta.极好的；优秀的18exchangekstendv交换；交流19exciteksatvt.使兴奋，使激动20experienceksprinsn.经验；经历21experimentkspermntn.实验22explainksplenvt.解释；说明23expressks

3、presvt.表达；表示24expectkspektvt.预料；盼望25expensivekspensva.昂贵的26extraekstradvadj,另外；非常；额外的27eraserrez(r)n.橡皮擦；黑板擦28electroniclektrnk adj电子的29energeticendetk adj.精力充沛的30expert ekspt n.专家 想一想 写一写根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. Dont leave the lights on- it wastes _. (electric)2. Who got to the cinema the _in our class?

4、 (early)3. Join us, and youll find learning English can be _ and wonderful. (enjoy)4. He is the _ twin of the two. (elderly)5. He got into the car and then started the_. (engineer)6. Jane gets angry _. Shed better get rid of it. (easy)7. University Tours, which are quite popular these days, are very

5、 _ (education) to teenagers.8. The birds large wings _ it to fly very fast. (able)9. He went to bed much _ last night than usual because he had a bad cold. (early)10. Its _ to get there on foot than by car. (easy)11. We need _ to face all the difficulties. (encourage) 12. Quite a few cars wait at th

6、e _ to the famous kindergarten every afternoon. (enter) 13. They began to shout and jump _ when they heard the _ news. (excite) 14. The actor is _ what we are looking for. (exact) 15. Next month our _ friends will pay a visit to Shanghai. (Europe) 【答案】1.electricity 2.earliest 3.enjoyable 4.elder 5.e

7、ngine 6.easily 7.educational 8.enable 9.earlier 10.easier11.courage 12.entrance 13.excitedly 14.exactly 15.European语法专题 语法精选： 非谓语动词动词不定式1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc.1. My wish is to become a teacher.2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather.作定语

8、(后置)Ihavenothing_(send)you.We must never miss the chance _( show) love for our parents.1. I have nothing to say about that thing.2. Sorry, I cant go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash.3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect

9、 decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth.2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to)3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth.4. warn sb. not to do sth.5. would like to do5. had better (not)do1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee.2. He told me to be here on time.3. Our parents oft

10、en tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer.4. Paul doesnt have to be made to learn_. He always works hard.5.Youdbetter_(try)thismedicine.作状语不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语如：in order to; so as toHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语）Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing. （结果状语）Im glad to see you.

11、 （原因状语）动词不定式与疑问词连用(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I cant decide which to eat.不定式的特殊句型：1.句型：tooto：太而不能 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 3.句型

12、：Its + adj. + for sb to do sth4.句型：Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等7.比较：used to do/be used to doing8.比较：It takesto do/sb spendsdoingHe is too excited to speak.The child is old enough to go to schooll.W

13、hy not take a holiday?Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. Theboxistooheavyforme _ it.A. carryingB. carries C. carry D. tocarry2.Weareoftentold _atpeopleintrouble.A. nottosmile B. tosmileC. nottolaughD. tolaugh3.Yesterday morning I got up early_ be late for the exam. in order to B. in order

14、to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词动名词做宾语1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape;2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ cant help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look f

15、orward to/ succeed in/ be worth3.how about/what about +doing4.prefer doing.to doing/prefer to do.rather than do5.介词后面+doing6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton.2.Its a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows?3.Thenewtermiscoming.Theyarebusycleani

16、ngtheclassrooms4.Mum,Imhungry.Whatabout_(go)toMcDonalds eating friedchicken?5. Knivesareusedfor_(cut)things.动名词做主语及表语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳现在分词感官动词+sb.+doingsee, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observeI heard someone kn

17、ocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday.There we found him watching TV. 即学即练1（2022上海统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _ volleyball every day.ApractiseBpractisingCto practiseDpractised【答案】B【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。

18、故选B。2（2022上海统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _ fruits and vegetables across the country.AsellBsellingCto sellDsold【答案】C【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。3（2021上海统考中考真题）Michael and his friends practise _ table tennis after school every day.AplayBplayedCplayin

19、gDto play【答案】C【详解】句意：迈克尔和他的朋友们每天放学后练习打乒乓球。 考查非谓语动词。practice/practise doing sth练习做某事，因此用动名词作宾语，故选C。4（2021上海统考中考真题）The manager asked his secretary _ the report before Friday.AfinishBfinishesCfinishingDto finish【答案】D【详解】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/

20、动名词；to finish完成，动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故选D。5（2020上海统考中考真题）Doctors tell us_our hands before and after every mealAwashBwashedCwashingDto wash【答案】D【详解】句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后要洗手考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。故选D。6（2020上海统考中考真题）The engineers will keep_the project with

21、the manager of the companyAdiscussBdiscussedCdiscussingDto discuss【答案】C【详解】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；keep doing sth 继续做某事，可知此处填动名词；故选C。7（2019上海中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while Im away on holiday?AtakeBtakenCto takeDtakin

22、g【答案】D【详解】句意：我外出度假时，你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗？A. take带去，原形；B. taken带去，过去分词；C. to take带去，动词不定式；D. taking带去，现在分词。短语take care of表示照顾；Would you mind doing sth.表示你介意做某事吗？根据题意，故选D。8（2019上海中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot.AlaughBlaughingCto laughDlaughed【答案】A【详解】句意：主人在聚会上讲了一个笑话，逗得客人大笑。A.

23、laugh笑；原形；B. laughing笑，现在分词；C. to laugh笑，动词不定式；D. laughed笑，过去式。短语make sb. do sth.表示使某人做某事。根据题意，故选A。9（2018上海中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided_his own restaurant.AopenBopenedCto openDopening【答案】C【详解】句意：周先生擅长烹饪，他决定开一家属于自己的餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，固定搭配。故答案为C。10（2018上海中考真题）Sue practic

24、es_the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.AplayBplayedCto playDplaying【答案】D【详解】句意：苏练习小提琴很刻苦，经常会有一些精彩的表演。practice doing sth.练习做某事。故答案为D。11（2017上海中考真题）Vivian refuses _ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes.Ato sendBsendingCsentDsends【答案】A【详解】试题分析：句意：Vivian拒绝把她的孩

25、子送到周末补习班去补课。refuse拒绝，后接名词、代词和动词不定式。refuse to do sth.意为拒绝做某事。A. to send动词不定式；B. sending动名词形式；C. sent是send的过去式；D. sends是三单形式。故选A。12（2017上海中考真题）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days.AfixBfixedCfixingDto fix【答案】C【详解】句意：工人们最近忙着给新大楼安装窗户。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，是个固定短语，busy后接动名词形式。故选C。

26、13（2016上海中考真题）After she finished _ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.AreadBreadsCto readDreading【答案】D【详解】句意：在她读完这个故事之后，Alice为她的学校写了一篇评论。短语finish doing sth.表示完成做某事。根据题意，故选D。点睛：finish+doing sth.表示完成做某事；这样的动词用practice；stop；aviod；这些动词后加doing的形式。14（2016上海中考真题）I cant tell you what s

27、he said. Ive promised _ it a secret.AkeepBto keepCkeepingDkept【答案】B【详解】句意：我不能告诉你她说的话，我答应了保守秘密。keep保持，保守，动词原形；to keep动词不定式；keeping动名词形式；kept是keep的过去式。这句话的谓语动词是promise，承诺，答应，常用于句型promise to do sth.答应去做某事，故应选B。15（2015上海中考真题）My friend invited me _ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure.AjoinBto

28、joinCjoinedDjoining【答案】B【详解】试题分析：句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A. join动词原形；B.to join 动词不定式；C. joined 动词过去式；D.joining动词的ing形式。 invite sb to do sth，邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。16（2015上海中考真题）Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job.AhelpingBhelpedCto helpDhelp【答案】A【详解】句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼

29、职工作。A. helping动词的ingr形式；B. helped动词的过去式；C.to help 动词不定式；D. help动词原形。be busy doing sth,忙于做某事。结合所给选项的形式，故选A。17（2014上海中考真题）Harry has decided_ an online shop after graduating from school.AopenBto openCopenedDopening【答案】B【详解】句意：从学校毕业之后，哈利决定开一家网店。decide后面一般接带to的动词不定式作宾语，故选B。18（2013上海中考真题）The retired coupl

30、e enjoy_photos.They always go out with their camerasAtakeBtookCto takeDtaking【答案】D【详解】句意：这对退休夫妇喜欢拍照。他们总是带着照相机出去。enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事。故选D。19（2013上海中考真题）Even Tonys granddaughter，a five-year-old girl, asked him_ smokingAgive upBgave upCto give upDgiving up【答案】C【详解】句意：甚至是托尼的外孙女，一个五岁的女孩，都要求他戒烟。Ask后接带to的

31、不定式做宾语补足语，结合语境可知选C。20（2014上海中考真题）I wouldnt mind_a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well.AhavingBto haveChaveDhad【答案】A【详解】句意：我不介意有一个室友.我们能互相帮助，也能省钱。Mind doing sth介意做某事，动名词作宾语表示抽象动作，故选A。21（2012上海中考真题）Dont jump to a conclusion! Lets _ the problem first.Ato discussBdiscussCdiscussedDdi

32、scussing【答案】B【详解】本题考查祈使句，lets do sth，让我们做，句意：别贸然做出结论，让我们先讨论问题。选B。22（2012上海中考真题）Stop _ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.AcomplainingBto complainCcomplainDcomplained【答案】A【详解】句意：停止抱怨交通了，我们想想可以做些什么去改善。考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.意为“停下手上的事去做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 意为“停止手上正在做的事”。根

33、据“Just think about what we can do to improve it.”可知，此处指停止正在做的事情。故选A。阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)。On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students

34、 their life there. They also did some fun s_67_ experiments. Lets take a look at some of them.Use it or lose itThe human body grows with the pull of Earths gravity (重力). But in space, our bones and muscles dont need to s_68_ our bodys weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It is said that ast

35、ronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too w_69_ to work.Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. Its called a “penguin suit”.

36、It can keep their muscles strong.Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill (跑步机) and rode a bicycle. Astronauts usually e_70_ with these tools every day to keep their body strong.Space water is different During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more water d

37、rops onto the film to make it a water ball. But this can n_71_ happen on Earth. Why?We need to first u_72_ the surface tension (表面张力) of water. Surface tension is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules (分子) are drawn to each other. One example on the Earth is that some b

38、ugs (昆虫) can “walk on water”. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays much stronger and the water ball will not b_73_.Space water is different in many other ways from that on Earth. For example, water will not flow downward i

39、f you try to pour it into a cup. If astronauts cry, the tears will not fall down. They have to wipe them away!【答案】67(s)cience或(s)cientific或(s)pace或(s)urprising或(s)pecial68(s)upport 69(w)eak 70(e)xercise 71(n)ever或(n)ot 72(u)nderstand73(b)reak或(b)urst【分析】本文是新闻通讯，短文介绍了三名在天宫空间站工作的中国宇航员，在地球上向数百万学生展示了一些有

40、趣的科学实验。67句意：他们还做了一些有趣的科学实验。设空处修饰名词experiments，根据上文“On Dec 9, three Chinese astronauts who are working aboard the Tiangong Space Station, gave a lecture above Earth and showed millions of students their life there”和首字母提示，可知，可以是科学实验，也可以是太空实验，或者特别的实验，令人惊讶的实验；science“科学”/scientific“科学的”/space“太空”/surpri

41、sing“令人惊讶的”/special“特别的”符合语境，故填(s)cience/(s)cientific/(s)pace/(s)urprising/(s)pecial。68句意：但在太空中，我们的骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑我们的体重。but表转折，根据上文“The human body grows with the pull of Earths gravity”和首字母提示，可知是说在失重状态下骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑宇航员的体重，support“支撑”符合语境；not need to do表示“不需要做某事”，是固定结构，故填(s)upport。69句意：这对宇航员来说很危险，因为他们太虚弱了，无法

42、工作。tooto表示“太而不能”，too修饰形容词或副词，是固定结构；根据上文“It is said that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks”和首字母提示，可知宇航员失去20%的肌肉会导致身体虚弱，weak“虚弱的”符合语境，故填(w)eak。70句意：宇航员通常每天用这些工具锻炼以保持身体强壮。本句缺谓语动词，根据下文“to keep their body strong”和首字母提示，可知是用这些工具锻炼，exercise“锻炼”符合语境；结合“every

43、day”可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时，Astronauts是复数人称，动词需用原形。故填(e)xercise。71句意：但这在地球上是不可能发生的。but表转折，根据上文“Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball”和首字母提示，可知本句是否定意义，是说在地球上不可能发生这种事，never和not都表否定，故填(n)ever或(n)ot。72句意：我们首先需要了解水的表面张力。根据题干“We need to firstthe surface tension of water”和首字母提示，可知是说

44、要了解水的表面张力，understand“理解”符合语境；need to do“想要做某事”是固定结构，故填(u)nderstand。73句意：但在太空中失重的情况下，“皮肤”会更坚固，水球也不会破裂。but表转折，根据上文“Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the skin”和首字母提示，可知是说失重状态下水球不会破裂，break和burst都可表示“爆裂”，符合语境；助动词will后接原形动词，故填(b)reak或(b)urst。PASSAGE 2Choose the words or expressions and

45、 complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）As the weather warms up and summer approaches, many families around the UK will visit a beach. Its time to admire the scenery, have long walks and play with water. To keep beaches _61_ and tidy, you could also help by taking part in a beach clean. You could care

46、fully pick up waste that _62_ along the coast. Some rubbish gets washed to the beach by the sea, but sadly a lot of it is left by people who use the beach. To do a beach clean, all you need is a strong bag or large bin liner, a pair of gloves to _63_ your hands. As a family, you can cover a section

47、of the beach together and look out for objects to pick up and put in your bag. You could _64_ things like bottles, drinks cans, food wrappers and plastics. These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a _65_ to people. When plastics get into the water, the wind an

48、d tides can carry them along distances and they begin to break down into tiny pieces and harm the fish, birds and animals in the sea. When you have filled a bagor perhaps a few bagswith rubbish, it is _66_ to take it home with you if you can. This helps to keep the public bins at the beach clear for

49、 others to use. At home, sort it into recyclable and non-recyclable waste.61.AwarmBsafeCwetDcool62.AcollectsBdropsCgainsDappears63.AhurtBraiseCshakeDprotect64. Adream ofBcome acrossCcare forDmake up65. AsignBpartnerCdangerDreward66. AconvenientBhonestChopefulDbest【答案】61B 62B 63D 64B 65C 66D【分析】本文是一篇

50、说明文，作者鼓励人们参加海滩清洁活动并给出了一些清洁海滩时的意见及建议。61句意：为了保持海滩的安全和整洁，你还可以参加海滩清洁活动。warm温暖的；safe安全的；wet湿的；cool凉的。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a danger to people”可知，参加海滩清洁活动的目的是为了保持海滩的安全和整洁。故选B。62句意：你可以小心地捡起掉落在沿海岸的垃圾。collects收集；drops掉落；gains获得；appears出现。根据下文“So

51、me rubbish gets washed to the beach by the sea, but sadly a lot of it is left by people who use the beach”可知，这些垃圾掉落在沿海岸。故选B。63句意：要清洁海滩，你只需要一个结实的袋子或大的垃圾塑料袋，一副手套来保护你的手。hurt伤害；raise举起；shake摇；protect保护。根据前后文“gloves”和“your hands”可知，戴手套是为了保护自己的手。故选D。64句意：你可能会遇到瓶子、饮料罐、食品包装纸和塑料等东西。dream of梦见；come across遇见；c

52、are for关心；make up编造。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a danger to people”可知，此处在说可能会遇到的物品类型。故选B。65句意：这些物体会伤害海滩周围的野生动物和生物，也会对人构成威胁。sign签名；partner搭档；danger危险；reward奖励。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as”可知，这些垃圾不仅会伤害海滩周围的野生动物和生物，也会对人构成危险。故选C。66句意：当你用垃圾袋装满一袋或者几袋垃圾时，如果可以的话，最好把它带回家。convenient方便的；honest诚实的；hopeful有希望的；best最好的。根据下文“This helps to keep the public bins at the beach clear for others to use”可知，把垃圾带回家是最好的办法。故选D。