专题06选修一Unit2（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）.docx

1、专题06 选修一Unit2（知识串讲）-2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）复习方向：1. 词汇变形归纳2. 具体词汇或句型讲解3. 语法概要一、词汇变形归纳1. fertility n. 富饶，丰产- 反义词：sterility n. 贫瘠 2. collaboration n.合作，协作；合作成果-collaborate v.合作、协作=cooperate 3. push sth to good use有效使用 4. minimize vt. 使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低；（尤指在计算机屏幕上）使最小化-minimum v. 使.最小化5. boast vt

2、. & vi. 有（值得自豪的东西）；自夸，自吹自擂-boaster n自吹自擂着 6. diagnose vi. & vt. 判断（问题的原因），诊断（疾病）-diagnosable adj. 可诊断的 7. fertilizer n. 肥料-fertilize v. 施肥、使肥沃 8. yield n. 产量，产出vt. 出产（作物），产生（收益等） vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲-yield to v. 向.屈服 9. spray vt. & vi. 喷，喷洒；向扫射（或抛洒）浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器-sprayer n. 喷雾；喷雾器 10. obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍；障碍物

3、，绊脚石-同义词：barrier n. 障碍11. irrigation n. 灌溉-irrigate v. 灌溉 12. abundance n. 大量，充裕-abundant adj. 充裕的；充足的13. conquer vt.（在某地）很受欢迎，（在某地）成功；攻克，征服；（尤指比赛中）击败，战胜；克服-conqueror n. 征服者、胜利者-conquerable adj. 可征服的；可打败的14. the pros and cons 事物的利与弊15. nobleman n.(pl. _noblemen_) 贵族成员，出身高贵的人-noble v. 贵族的 16. porter

4、n. 搬运工，行李员；医院里护；送病人的）护工；门卫，门房-port n. 港口；埠17. contemplation n. 深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视-contemplate v. 深思、沉思18. humid adj. 温暖潮湿的，湿热的-同义词：damp 潮湿的 19. maturity n.（人或动植物）成熟，完全长成；（思想行为等）成熟-mature adj. 成熟的-immature adj. 不成熟的20. exclusion n. 排除在外，排斥；不包括在内的人（或物）-exclude v. 排除在外；排斥-反义词：include v. 包括在内；包含 21. cultivat

5、ion n. 耕种，种植；（品质或技巧的）培养-cultivate v. 培养；种植二、具体词汇或句型讲解1. *plough /plau/ (AmE plow) vt.& vi. 犁（田），耕（地） n. 犁（15）【联想拓展】under the plough (指土地)用于耕种的(而不用于放牧)plough on with 继续做困难或枯燥的事情plough into sb / sth 尤指刹车不及猛撞上【经典例句】The peasants were ploughing the field.农民们在耕田。Julia ploughed on with the endless exam pap

6、ers.朱莉娅继续批改那些没完没了的考卷。2. *fertility /ftilti/ n. 富饶，丰产（15）【联想拓展】the fertility of the soil 土壤的肥沃度declining fertility rates 下降的生育率 fertile adj. 富饶的，肥沃的；多产的，丰产的；富于创造力的a fertile mind 有创意 才智 的头脑,想像力丰富的头脑【经典例句】A green manure is a crop grown mainly to improve soil fertility.种植绿肥作物主要是为使土壤更加肥沃。The district is

7、fertile of wheat.该地区盛产小麦。3. *collaboration /k,lbrein/n.合作，协作；合作成果（16） 【联想拓展】 in collaboration with 与合作；与勾结 collaborate v. collaborative adj.【经典例句】She wrote the book in collaboration with one of her students.她和她的一个学生合写了这本书。The two nations are collaborating on several satellite projects.两国在几个人造卫星项目上进行

8、合作。The presentation was a collaborative effort by all the children in the class. 演出是全班孩子共同努力的成果。4. minimize /minimaiz/ vt. 使减少到最低限度；降低，贬低； （尤指在计算机屏幕上）使最小化 （16）【联想拓展】 maximize (反义词) n. maximum minimum n. a minimum charge / price 最低收费 / 价格 【经典例句】Click on the top of the window to minimize it.点击窗口的顶端使其最

9、小化。You can minimize the dangers of driving by taking care to obey the rules of the road. 严格遵守交通规则, 你就能把行车危险降到最低点。5. *boast /bst/ vt. & vi. 有（值得自豪的东西）；自夸，自吹自擂（16）【联想拓展】 boast about 夸口，夸耀，吹嘘 boast that 从句【经典例句】Hes boasting about how much money he has made.他在吹自己赚了多少多少钱。They boasted that they had never

10、lost a single game.他们夸口说从来没有输过一场比赛。Ireland boasts beautiful beaches, great restaurants and friendly locals. 爱尔兰拥有美丽的海滩、很棒的餐馆和友好的当地人。6. *diagnose / dainuz / vi. & vt. 判断（问题的原因），诊断（疾病）（16）【联想拓展】 diagnose sb as (having) sth. 诊断某人有 be diagnosed as 被诊断为 diagnosis n. 复数： diagnoses【经典例句】The doctor diagnose

11、d his illness as malaria. 医师诊断他的病为疟疾The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring.电工查出了一处线路故障。The doctor has made an initial diagnosis.医生已经作出了初步诊断。7. *yield / ji:ld / n. 产量，产出 vt. 出产（作物），产生（收益等） vi. 屈服，让步；变形，弯曲 （16）【联想拓展】 high / low yield 高/低产 yield to threats/temptation 屈服于威胁/诱惑【经典例句】Our rese

12、arch has only recently begun to yield important results.直到最近我们的研究才开始取得重要成果。Finally she yielded to temptation and helped herself to a large slice of cake.最后她经不住诱惑，吃了一大块蛋糕。8. simplify / simplifai / vt. 使简化，使简易（17）【联想拓展】 simplify the processes of 简化的手续(或过程) simplified adj. a simplified version of the g

13、ame 这个游戏的简化版【经典例句】He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience.在讲给年龄较小的听众听时，他尽可能地简化这个故事。A simplified version of the story for young children has been published.供小朋友阅读的故事简写本已经出版了。9. *spray / sprei / vt. & vi. 喷，喷洒；向扫射（或抛洒） n. 浪花，水花；喷剂；喷雾器（17）【联想拓展】 spray crops / plants 给庄稼/植物等喷洒杀虫剂 spray s

14、b / sth. (with sth.) 向扫射(或抛洒)；往上撒【经典例句】The fruit is sprayed every four weeks.这种水果每四个星期喷洒一次杀虫剂。The gunman sprayed the building with bullets. 持枪歹徒向那座房子扫射。10. *vertical / v:tikl / adj. 竖的，垂直的；纵向的（19）【联想拓展】 a vertical line 垂直线 the vertical axis of a graph 图的纵轴 vertically adv. horizontal adj. 水平的，地平的；横的

15、(horizon 的形容词)【经典例句】The cliff was almost vertical. 那悬崖几乎是笔陡的。Rotate it slowly from the horizontal into a vertical position.慢慢将它从水准位置旋转到垂直位置。11. *obstacle / bstkl / n. 障碍，阻碍；障碍物，绊脚石（19）【联想拓展】 an obstacle to progress 对进步的妨碍 overcome an obstacle 克服障碍remove an obstacle 排除障碍【经典例句】We want to remove all ob

16、stacles to travel between the two countries.我们想要排除在这两个国家之间旅行的所有障碍。【辨析】 barrier a barrier to progress 对进步的阻碍 a language barrier 语言障碍The mountains form a natural barrier between the two countries.群山构成了两国之间的天然屏障。12. *irrigation / ,iriein / n. 灌溉（20）【联想拓展】 irrigation system 灌溉系统 irrigate v. irrigate a f

17、armland 灌溉农田 irrigational adj. 水利的，灌溉的【经典例句】He irrigates his mind by reading widely.他通过广泛阅读来丰富自己的思想。13. *abundance / bndns / n. 大量，充裕（20）【联想拓展】 an abundance of 大量；丰富 in abundance = in large quantities 充裕，丰富 abundant adj. 1.大量的；有很多的；充足的，充裕的 2.丰富的，富饶的，富裕的，多产的【经典例句】There was an abundance of corn last y

18、ear.去年玉米丰收。At the party there was food in abundance.聚会上食品很丰富。China is abundant with natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。14. *drip / drip / n. 水滴，滴液；滴落，滴水声；（静脉）滴注 vt. & vi. 滴下；滴水（21）【联想拓展】 drips dripping dripped be dripping with sth. 满是某物; 充满（充溢）某物:【经典例句】The taps dripping.水龙头在滴水。His tone was now dripping with

19、 sarcasm.他的语调现在充满了嘲讽。At the hospital they put me on a drip.在医院，他们给我输液。15. downside / daunsaid / n. 缺点，不利方面（22）【联想拓展】 on the downside 下降中，衰落中，衰减中 upside (反) n. 1.上边，上侧；上部 2.正面；有利的一面，优点【经典例句】The downside of the book is that it is written in a rather boring style.这本书的缺点是写作风格太单调。The divorce turned his w

20、hole world upside down.离婚把他的一切都搞得颠三倒四。16. the pros/ pruz / and cons / knz /事物的利与弊（22）【联想拓展】 strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处【经典例句】 Your idea is interesting, but lets look carefully at its pros and cons before we take any decisions. 你的观点很有意思，不过在我们作决定前先仔细权衡一下利弊。17. *conquer / kk(r) / vt.（在某地）很受欢迎，（在某地）成

21、功；攻克，征服； （尤指比赛中）击败，战胜；克服，控制 （25）【联想拓展】 conquer a country 征服某国 conquer a bad habit 克服恶习 conqueror n. 征服者；胜利者 conquerable adj. 可征服的,可战胜的【经典例句】 The Normans conquered England in 1066.诺曼人于 1066 年征服英格兰。18. *contemplation / ,kntemplein / n. 深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视（25）【联想拓展】 be lost in contemplation 陷入沉思中 contemplate

22、 v. 1. 注视，凝视; 2. 思量，仔细考虑，深思【经典例句】He sat there deep in contemplation. 他坐在那里沉思着。He is contemplating buying a new car.他打算买一辆新汽车。19. *exclusion / iksklu:n / n. 排除在外，排斥；不包括在内的人（或物）； 排除，认为不可能【联想拓展】 do sth. to the exclusion of sth. 专注于做某事而排斥（无暇顾及）其他事情 exclude vt. 拒绝接纳；不让入内， 把关在外面，把排除(或排斥)在外；不包括 include v.

23、inclusion n. 【经典例句】Memories of the past filled her mind to the exclusion of all else.她满脑子全是对过去的回忆，其他事情都不想了。 She felt excluded by the other girls.她感到自己受到其他女孩子的排斥。20. *cultivation / ,kltivein / n. 耕种，种植；（品质或技巧的）培养（27）【联想拓展】 bring land into cultivation 开垦土地 cultivate v. 【经典例句】These fields have been und

24、er cultivation for years.这些土地已耕作很多年了。The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。He purposely tried to cultivate good relations with the press. 他特意设法与新闻界搞好关系。 句型讲解1. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese. 然而，有一段时间，茶只为中国人所知。there was a time when曾经有一段时

25、间There was a time when I had some difficulties in my life. 有一段时间我生活中遇到了一些困难。There was a time when each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。2. And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something

26、they really like as their “cup of tea”?而它（茶）是如何一步步风靡世界，以至于人们常把自己真正喜欢的东西称为他们的“那杯茶”呢？(1) to the extent that 达到的程度，以至于She changed to the extent that you wouldnt recognize her. 她的变化太大了，以至于你会认不出她来。She is still very tired to the extent that she cannot stand up.她在某种程度上还很疲惫，站不起来。(2)cup of tea习语，“喜爱的人或事物”I k

27、now Im not everyones cup of tea. 我知道自己不是人见人爱。3. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. 传说大约5000年前，神农发现茶，是因为干树叶被吹进一壶沸水里。(1)legend has it that传说Legend has it that the whole village had been cursed by a witch. 传说整座村庄遭到了巫婆的诅

28、咒。Legend has it that if the groundhog sees his shadow winter will last for six more weeks.传说如果土拨鼠看见自己的影子，那冬季就还将持续六周的时间。(2)came across偶然发现；碰见I came across a group of children playing. 我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。Hes the best opponent Ive come across this season, a great player. 他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手，一位了不起的运动员。4. Tea plan

29、ts grow best in warm, humid regions with well-drained soil.茶树在温暖、潮湿、气候温和的地区生长得最好排水良好的土壤。well-drained adj.排水良好（通畅）的Well-drained soil suits the plant best. 排水性好的土壤最适合于这种植物。Select a planting location with well-drained sandy soil.选择排水效果好的砂壤的地方种植。三、语法概要-强调句复习 强调句型注意点例 句It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)为了强调句子的

30、某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)；表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was that(who)。原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film t

31、hat I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. 谓语动词的强调It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。注意：do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！They do work hard at maths.他们对数学的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确实做了家庭作业。