专题06 中考复合句考点-2023年江苏省中考英语二轮复习基础知识过过过 高分题型练练练.docx

1、专题06 中考复合句考点复合句之宾语从句宾语从句引导词及作用见下表:引导词引导词的作用that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略what , which，who, whose ,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等when(表时间)，where(表地点)，why(表原因)，how(表方式)等连接副词在从句中作状语if/whether意为“是否”、不作句子成分，但不能省略易错警示：whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：(1)介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导。(2)与or not连用时，只用whether引导宾语从句。(

2、3)后面跟to do不定式，只用whether引导。【知识梳理1】 that引导的宾语从句如:“She is a good girl,” the teacher told us.=The teacher told us ( that ) she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。【知识梳理2】whether或if引导的宾语从句如:“Are you from Japan?” He asked me. =He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。“Do you like watching TV?” He aske

3、d me. =He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。【知识梳理3】特别疑问词引导的宾语从句如:When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me? =Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?宾语从句要注意的几个问题:【知识梳理1】主句与从句时态一致的问题(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、

4、过去进行时)，那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如:He told me that the earth is round.(客观事实)【知识梳理2】宾语从句的语序问题宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。【知识梳理3】否定转移问题当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否

5、定式，而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:I dont think he will come with you, will he?复合句之状语从句时间状语从句(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he san

6、g happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with

7、 his own eyes.(3) notuntil/ till 直到才 till 直到为止 until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前。常与表示延续性动作的动词连用。例：I waited until three oclock, but he didnt come. not until表示“到为止；直到才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用。例：The children didnt come home until it was dark. (5)when , while, as的区别和联系 1）在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以

8、是表示延续的(长动词)，也可以是表示瞬间的(短动词)； 2）while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的（长动词）.例：I was watching TV when Tom came in. Tom came in while I was watching TV. 3）as用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边.一边.例：The girl sings as she goes to school.4）表示两个同步发生的动作或行为,意思是随着.的发展例：As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful . Its getting

9、colder and colder as the winter comes.批注: while 除了可以做“正当.时候”之意，还可以表示转折，意思是“然而”。还可以作名词讲，“片刻之意”。如：Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。I havent seen her for a long while. 我好久没有看见她了。(6)since的考查since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自.以来”。主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。此外也有： It has beensince从

10、句；It is +一段时间+since从句。例：He has taught us Maths since he came here. Its ten years since I worked in the hospital. Where have you been since I saw you last？批注：对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long。条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导条件状语从句时，一般遵循主将从现的原则。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，状语从句用一般现在时。例： Ill help you with your En

11、glish if I am free tomorrow. Dont leave the building unless I tell you to. You mustnt be late, if you want to go there with me tomorrow. (2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you s

12、tudy hard, you will pass the exam.unless=ifnot.，如：You will get lost easily unless you have a map. = You will get lost easily if you dont have a map.if既有”如果”也有“是否”的意思。作“如果”讲时遵循主将从现的原则，作“是否”讲时引导宾语从句。例：I dont know if he will come back tomorrow. I will go to Shanghai if I am free next week.原因状语从句(1)原因状语

13、从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。例如：-Why are

14、nt you going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。(4)because与because of 的区别:because后只能接句子，而because of 后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子。例如：Because of the bad weather, we put off the sports meeting.Because it rained y

15、esterday, we put off the sports meeting.结果状语从句结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.sothat与such.that的用法区别1）在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例 The hall is so big that it ca

16、n hold 2,000 people. He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.批注：若so后面的形容词后跟单数可数名词，也可用如下结构： so 形容词a an +单数可数名词 that从句 例：This is so wonderful a film that I will never forget it. 2）在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。其结构有以

17、下几种： such a an 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句 例：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. 3）如果名词前有many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so

18、, 不用such。 例：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.4）sothat和such.that两种结构的互换例：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The

19、 match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，sothat.可以与beenough to do转换；当从句为否定句式，可以与tooto.或be not.enough to do转换，从而使复合句变为简单句。例：Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree. = Peter is tall enough to reach the apple on the big tree. The boy is so young that

20、he cant look after himself. = The boy is too young to look after himself.=The boy is not old enough to look after himself. 目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the

21、 computer in order that we might save time.Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.批注：although只能用在句首，而though既可以放句首也

22、可以放句末。(2)although(though)不能和but用在同一个句子中。例如：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. （）应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.复合句之定语从句定语从句的含义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，通常紧跟在被修饰的词之后。被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。定语从句的分类定语从句的连接词分为关系代词that, who, whom, which, whos

23、e和关系副词where, when, why。初中阶段我们主要能辨认和理解关系代词引导的限制性定语从句就可以了。定语从句关系代词的用法1. 先行词指人 (1)Do you know the girl (先行词) who/that is standing at the door?你认识站在门口的那个女孩吗？(2)The man that /who wrote the book is an English professor.写这本书的那个人是一位英语教授。关系代词指人，是从句的主语，用who或that，不可省。(3)She is the singer that /who/whom I met l

24、ast week.她就是我上周遇见的那个歌手。关系代词指人，是从句的宾语，用who, that或者whom，可省。(4) This is the boy with whom I played basketball.这就是那个和我打篮球的男孩。关系代词指人，是从句中介词的宾语，且介词提前，只用whom，不可省。2. 先行词指物 (1)Yesterday he swam across a river which/that is 100 meters wide.昨天他游过了一条100米宽的河。关系代词指物，是从句的主语，用which或that，不可省。 (2)The letter that/whic

25、h I received was from my father.我收到的那封信来自我的爸爸。关系代词指物，是从句的宾语，用which或that，可省。(3)This is the cage in which the parrot Polly lives.这就是鹦鹉Polly住的那个笼子。注意：(1)无论先行词指人还是指物，who/that/which在定语从句中作主语时，都不能省略。(2)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。3.先行词指物或指人，关系代词与其后面的名词存在物主关系，关系代词用whose。I know the girl whose hair is l

26、ong.我认识那个长发女孩。Please pass me the book whose cover is red.请把那本红色封面的书递给我。4. 宜用that的情况(1)当先行词指物，又被the only、the very，形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。eg：America is the only foreign country that my father has ever visited.美国是我爸爸曾经游览过的唯一一个外国国家。The most beautiful park that I have visited is Beihai Park.我参观过的最美丽的公园是北海公园。(2)当先

27、行词为 much, anything, everything, nothing, something等不定代词时。eg：I have told them all (that) I know.我已经告诉了他们我所知道的一切。(3)当先行词中既有人又有物时。eg：The boy and the dog that are running in the street get wet all over.正在街上跑着的男孩和狗浑身都湿透了。(4)当主句中已有 who, which时。eg：Who is the boy that wears a pair of sunglasses? 戴着一副太阳镜的男孩是

28、谁？ Which is the book that you borrowed from Mike?哪一本是你从迈克那里借的书？ 5.关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which， 而不用that。例如：Tom cam

29、e back， which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。定语从句关系副词的用法1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for sch

30、ool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。【精选练习】1._Anna_her brother like listening to soft music.A.Both;andB.Neither;nor C.Either;orD.Not only;but also 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。both.and.两者都,谓语动词用复数;neither.nor.既不也不,either.or.或者或者,not only.but also.不但而且,后三者都应遵循就近一致原则。由like可知选A。 2.Will you go to the picnic this Saturday?Id like to,_I

31、ll have to help look after my baby sister.A.butB.orC.andD.so 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词的用法。“Will you.?”表示邀请,Id like to,but.表示礼貌拒绝。or 或者,否则;and和;so因此。 3.China is getting more and more independent of western technology, _ it is leading in many fields, such as the self-driving car industry.A./B.orC.butD.and 【答案】D

32、【解析】本题考查连词辨析。or或者,表选择;but但是,表转折; and并且,表顺承。根据句意可知答案为D。 4.Betty kept silent at first _ soon she joined the other girls, chatting and laughing.A.soB.butC.orD.because 【答案】B【解析】本题考查连词辨析。so因此;but但是;or或者;because因为。 5.Work hard and be patient,_ your dream wont come true.A.orB.andC.butD.so 【答案】A【解析】本题考查并列连词

33、。由前后分句的关系可知,此处表示“否则”,故选A。决定此题答案的关键词为wont。 6.How do you like the two pairs of shoes?They dont fit me. They are_too big_too small.A.not only.but also. B.neither.nor. C.either.or.【答案】C【解析】此题考查词语辨析。not only.but also.不但而且;neither.nor.既不也不;either.or.要么要么。根据语境可知选C。 7.Which show do you prefer, Running Man o

34、r The Reader?The Reader, of course. _ I _ my brother likes it.A.Both;andB.Neither;nor C.Either;orD.Not only;but also 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查连词。A选项意为“两者都”;B选项意为“既不也不”;C选项意为“或者或者”;D选项意为“不但而且”。根据句意及设空处所在句子的谓语动词likes可知选D。 8.Its not always safe to pay over the Internet, _ you should be careful.A.soB.after C.becau

35、seD.as soon as 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词的用法。A项意为“因此,所以”,B项意为“在之后”,C项意为“因为”,D项意为“一就”。故用so“因此”符合句意。 9.Hold your dream, _ you might regret some day.A.andB.orC.butD.so 【答案】B【解析】本题考查连词的用法。and和,并且;or 或者,否则;but但是;so所以。故选B项。 10.Victoria, hurry up!_we cant arrive there on time.A.OrB.SoC.ButD.And 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词辨析。or否则

36、;so所以;but然而;and并且。根据句意可知答案为A项。 11.The film seems interesting_we all want to see it.A.andB.butC.unlessD.if 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。根据句意可知,设空处前后存在并列关系。故选择A。 12.She was tired,_she continued her work.A.soB.untilC.butD.that 【答案】C【解析】本题考查连词的用法。前后内容之间是转折关系,所以用but,故答案为C。 13.Can students go online during lessons?The

37、y can_it is for that lesson.A.ifB.orC.soD.but 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词的用法。if在此处表示学生们能上网的条件。or或者,否则;so所以;but但是。 14.Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own,_he is only four years old.A.ifB.thoughC.forD.since 【答案】B【解析】本题考查状语从句。if如果;for因为;since自从以来。根据题意可知,此处表让步,故选B。 15.I sleep with the window ope

38、n _ its really cold.A.unlessB.tillC.or 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。unless除非;till直到为止;or或者。根据句意可知选A。 16.My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others_they were young.A.whenB.sinceC.afterD.before 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。when当的时候;since自从;after在之后;before在之前。根据句意可知选A。 17.Excuse me, can you tell me the way to th

39、e nearest underground station?Walk straight on _ you see a white building. Its right there.A.thoughB.since C.untilD.if【答案】C【解析】本题考查状语从句。though尽管,引导让步状语从句;since自从,因为,引导时间或原因状语从句;until直到为止,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句。根据句意,选C项。 18.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands_you eat.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.b

40、efore 【答案】D【解析】本题考查连词。A选项意为“直到为止”;B选项意为“在之后”;C选项意为“当的时候;在期间”;D选项意为“在之前”。由句意可知解析本题选择D。 19.Mr. Black walked around and offered help_we were doing an experiment.A.while B.although C.until D.unless 【答案】A【解析】本题考查状语从句。while当的时候;although尽管;until直到;unless除非。根据句意可知,应选择一个表示“当的时候”的词,故选A。 20.Well stay at home_

41、it rains tomorrow.A.andB.ifC.butD.so 【答案】B【解析】本题考查连词词义辨析。if意为“如果”。故选B项。 21.The two companies decided to work together _ they had common interest.A.becauseB.unlessC.butD.or【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词的用法。because意为“因为”;unless意为“除非,如果不”;but意为“但是”;or意为“或者,否则,要不然”。由句意可知解析本题选择A。 22.The actor was happy he got a part in

42、 a movie, _the part was a small one.A.sinceB.whileC.thoughD.unless【答案】C【解析】本题考查连词的用法。since自从;while当时候;though尽管;unless除非。根据语境可知此处引导让步状语从句,故选C项。 23.Mom wont let Dick go out_he promises to be back by 10:00 tonight.A.ifB.whenC.sinceD.unless 【答案】D【解析】本题考查状语从句。if意为“如果”;when意为“当时”;since意为“自以来”;unless意为“除非”

43、。由句意可知解析本题选择D。 24.The story is _ interesting _ everybody likes it very much.A.very;thatB.so;that C.such;thatD.such;because【答案】B【解析】本题考查so.that.引导的结果状语从句。根据第一个空后面的interesting一词可知,第一个空应填so,与that构成so.that.结构,引导结果状语从句。故解析本题选择B。 25.Love your parents _ they are alive. Dont wait until it is too late.A.whil

44、eB.thoughC.becauseD.unless【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。while当时,引导时间状语从句;though尽管,引导让步状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句,相当于if not。爱父母当然是要在父母在世的时候,用while引导时间状语从句,故选A项。 26.We should take care of the earth_we can make a better world to live in.A.so thatB.untilC.even ifD.while 【答案】A【解析】本题考查连词。so that以便;until直

45、到;even if即使;while当的时候。由句意可知解析本题应用so that 引导目的状语从句,由此可知解析本题选A。 27.Before you ask someone for help, find out _ he is the right person for your problem.A.sinceB.thatC.whetherD.unless【答案】C【解析】本题考查从句引导词。A.既然,由于;B.无意义;C.是否;D.除非。根据句意可知设空处表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,故答案为C项。 28.Could you tell me _ for the fruit?By paying

46、over the Internet.A.how much will I payB.how much I will payC.how will I pay D.how I will pay 【答案】D【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序,所以排除A、C。再根据答语By paying over the Internet.可知应用how提问方式,故解析本题选择D。 29.I dont know _ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice?How about visiting Beijing Internation

47、al Horticultural Expo(北京世界园艺博览会)?A.what should I doB.when should I goC.what I should doD.when I should go 【答案】C【句意】我不知道暑假期间我应该干什么?你有什么建议吗?去参观北京世界园艺博览会怎么样?30.Would you please tell me _?Its Mr. Blacks.A.when the robot was bought B.who the robot belongs toC.why the robot was made D.which city the robot

48、 was taken to 【答案】B【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语可知,此处表示“这个机器人是属于谁的”,故选B。 31.Which of the following sentences is correct?A.I wonder whats the matter with her.B.My mother asked me what I do with my pocket money.C.Could you please tell me where is the nearest hospital? 【答案】A【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据宾语从句的特点,可知选项B的时态有误,宾语从句的时

49、态应该和主句的时态保持一致;选项C中的宾语从句没有用陈述句语序,故选A。在A选项中,what既是宾语从句的引导词,又充当宾语从句的主语,构成陈述句语序。 32.The boy _ lost is crying there.How do you know he gets lost?A.whoseB.whoC.whos【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句。该定语从句的先行词为the boy, 本空后无名词,可知A选项whose不正确。由本空后的形容词lost可知,B选项缺少动词,故不正确。 C选项who􀆳s是who is的缩略形式,短语be lost意为“迷路”,由此可知解析本题选

50、择C。 33.Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat _ tells you your weight?A./B.whoC.whomD.that 【答案】D【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词a seat指物,在定语从句中作主语,关系词用which/that,故选D项。 34.Do you know the boy over there?The one _ is holding a ball?Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.不填 【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为the one,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The one is holding a ball.由此可知,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故答案为C项。 35.Du Fuguo is a hero _ is known to millions of Chinese people.A.whoB.whichC.what 【答案】A【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词“a hero”指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故解析本题选A。