专题08特殊句式之强调句-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练.docx

1、专题08 特殊句式之强调句-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练高中强调句的主要考察题型考察题型考察方式语法填空不给提示的空格可能会考察1题，涉及到两种类型的强调。一种是It is.that.这个句式里面让学生填It或者是that; 另一种是助动词表示的强调句里面让学生填do/does/did这种。比如说语法填空“It was on a lonely inland_he was saved one month after the boat went down.”这道题答案填“that”。再比如说语法填空“_wasbecause he didnt know much about Englishthat

2、he looked up the word in the dictionary.”这道题答案填It。书面表达学生能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句强调句，尤其是在读后续写的结尾处需要升华主题的时候可以使用强调句来增加读者的印象或者是感谢信的正文部分表示对对方的感谢之情时可以使用强调句更能体现真情实感。比如说应用文结尾处“Sometimes,it is our random acts of kindness that make our society a harmonious world. ”这句话使用了强调句。再比如说读后续写结尾处“At that moment, I sudden

3、ly realized that it was this particular experience that gave my teenage son a valuable lesson and enabled him to understand a loving parents good intention. ”这句话也使用了强调句。高中强调句的主要考察点 It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who) 谓语动词的强调 强调句与状语从句的结合 强调句与名词性从句的结合 强调句与定语从句的结合【典型真题】【2021年1月浙江省普通高校招生考试英语试题】应用文：After that,

4、it is at canteen that you can have a special lunch with our students.【2021年高考全国甲卷英语试题】应用文：Knowing you are interested in China, I do believe you can help me solve these puzzles.【2021年全国高考新高考I卷英语试题】应用文：In my memory, it is Youth that accompanies me through my whole high school. I do expect Youth can pu

5、blish more classic works and have a promising future.【2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题】读后续写：It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. 【2022年新高考全国卷英语真题】读后续写：It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 【2022年浙江省高考英语试卷真题】读后续写：

6、It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country together, through which I learned a lot about your food, culture and history. 下面具体讲解以上表格中的5种考察点：一、It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)- 为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)；表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it

7、本身没有词义。It wasin the officethat he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。It isthe childrenwho broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。第一句的被强调的成分的是in the office，第二句的被强调成分是the children。其中that和who的区别是：当强调人时，可用that或who，当强调其他成分时，用that。注意，当强调时间和地点时，不能用when和 where 代替that。一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It wa

8、s that(who)。原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in

9、the Youth Palace. Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.A. that B. where C. when D. whichIts not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .which B. that C. how D. when Johns success has nothing to do

10、with good luck. It is years of hard work _has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. when D. that It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which【解析】ABDB二、谓语动词的强调- It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词

11、do/does或did。注意：do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。Do be careful when you cross the street.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！They do work hard at maths.他们对数学的学习确实很努力。He does send an email to me every day.他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。He did do his homework yesterday.昨天他确

12、实做了家庭作业。三、强调句与名词性从句的结合- 与状语从句的结合句式：not until 的强调句型It is/was not until that 直到你告诉我，我才意识到自己的错误。 It was not until you told me that I realized my mistake.= Not until you told me did I realize my mistake.= I didnt realize my mistake until you told me.Bach died in 1750， but _ was not until the early 19th

13、century that his musical gift was fully recognized.【答案】it四、强调句与名词性从句的结合- 与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。与主语从句的区别：It is true/a fact that they won the game. (it是形式主语) 他们赢得了比赛是事实。(去掉It wasthat后句子已不完整)It was in Xiamen that I first met him. 是在厦门我第一次遇到他。(去掉It wasthat后句子仍完整) Ive already forgott

14、en _you put the dictionary.A.that it was there B. where was it that C. that where it was D. where it was thatIt was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what C. then; so D. that; that【答案】DD五、强调句与定语从句的结合- 与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句

15、型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。与“It bewhen/where定语从句”的区别It was in 1919 that he was born. (强调句) 他于1919年出生。It was 1919 when the May 4th Movement took place. (定语从句) 五四运动发生于1919年。It was in Beijing that I met him. (强调句) 我在北京遇到他的。It was Beijing where I met him. (定语从句) 我在北京遇到了他。It was in the small house

16、 _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; whichIs _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;【答案】AB【补充习题】一

17、、阅读理解AGrading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30

18、%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)Class activities will v

19、ary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to b

20、e completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily as

21、signments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.2. How many parts is a students final grade made up of?A. Tw

22、o.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies f

23、or Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writing

24、s and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。BLike most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugul

25、a (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made s

26、ix salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story. Its jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables reject

27、ed by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the thir

28、d largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If thats hard to understand, lets keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time but for him, its more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of

29、 DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cu

30、t, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious，yet so often we just dont think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont e

31、at,” Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the

32、 test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.6. What does Curtins company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.7. What does Curtin suggest

33、 people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我

34、们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one

35、 eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如

36、果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵

37、的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要

38、的食物重新制作食物。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you wont eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，

39、科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。二、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. _16_ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your

40、paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. _17_ Dont worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique wont work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write yo

41、ur draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. _18_ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungleas part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.

42、 The third technique is to try printing out a triplespaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. _19_ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to w

43、ork from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. _20_ The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A. Make sure your handwriting is neat. B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C. The second draft of the essay should be better. D. First of all, learn the technique of

44、nonstop writing. E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F. Many beginning writers dont leave enough space to revise. G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. 【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。【16题详解】空格处是本段的主题句

45、，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.

46、 (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。【17题详解】空前说“Stay loose and free. (保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Dont worry about grammar or spelling. (不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought. (让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】空前说“The next technique is to write your dr

47、aft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. (下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. (然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right

48、the first time. (太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triplespaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. (第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writer

49、s dont leave enough space to revise. (许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your wo

50、rd processor. (当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise. (由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. (然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-spac

51、e”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his

52、 arms to catch the _36_ (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say hell be OK. _37_ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home wit

53、h his father. They both fell _38_ (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _39_ (see) them. When he looked down, he _40_ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes

54、 _41_ screamed for his father, but his father didnt hear him. Henry _42_ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _43_ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my _44_ (son) life, said Mrs. Brown. I dont know _45_

55、 to thank him. ”I just didnt want the boy to be hurt, said Henry. 【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see 40. accidentally 41. and 42. was fixing 43. threw 44. sons 45. how【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双

56、臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意

57、为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外

58、的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。【41题详解】考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。【43题详解】考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。【44题详解】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sons。【45题详解】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。