专题10 动词四大时态-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

1、小学语法精讲精练 专题10 时态思考引入同学们,想跟老师一起来一趟时空之旅吗?想!我们真的可以穿越时空吗?当然不是真的穿越时空啦!老师说的是我们这节课要学的动词时态吧。哈哈!是的,我说的时空之旅就是跟随动词形式变化进行的时态之旅。我们可以通过动词的不同形式来体现不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,可以从中体验过去、现在、未来发生的各种趣事!知识概览知识精讲一、一般现在时一般现在时表示习惯性、永久性的或反复发生的动作或现在存在的状态。1.一般现在时的结构(1)肯定结构主语+ am/is/are +表语I am Chinese.我是中国人。主语+谓语动词原形/第三人称单数形式(+其他)I like s

2、wimming.我喜欢游泳。主语+情态动词+谓语动词原形(+其他)I can finish my work today.我今天可以完成我的工作。(2)否定结构主语+ am not/isnt/arent +表语She isnt a nurse.她不是护士。主语+ dont/doesnt+谓语动词原形(+其他)I dont like bananas.我不喜欢香蕉。主语+情态动词的否定式+谓语动词原形(+其他)We shouldnt run the red light.我们不应该闯红灯。(3)一般疑问句结构Is/Are +主语+表语Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?Do/Does +主语

3、+谓语动词原形(+其他)Do you want to play basketball?你想打篮球吗?情态动词+主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Can you jump far,Sam?山姆，你能跳得很远吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式What can you do?你会做什么?Who is your father?你的父亲是谁?When does he usually go to school?他通常什么时候上学?2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态I take a walk after dinner every day.我每天晚饭后散步。She us

4、ually goes to school on foot.她通常步行上学。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。One plus two makes three.一加二等于三。(3)表示主语的性格、特征、能力等She works hard.她工作很努力。The children dance well.孩子们跳舞跳得很好。3.动词的一般现在时形式(1)动词原形动词原形即动词本身的形式。一般现在时中，当主语是第一、二人称或第三人称复数时，谓语动词用原形。l go to school from Monday to Friday.我周一到周五去

5、上学。They play soccer after school every day.他们每天放学后都会踢足球。(2)动词的第三人称单数形式一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。He studies math every day.他每天学习数学。动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加-Srunruns playplays以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词，passpassesteachteaches boxboxeswashwashes词尾加-esgogoes dodoes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-esstudystudies tr

6、ytries特殊变化的动词beam/i s/are havehas热身小练变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.I have a ping-pong ball.(变为否定句)_2.She is a good teacher.(变为一般疑问句)_3.I want to go to the cinema.(将主语改为He)_答案：1. I dont have a ping-pong ball.2. Is she a good teacher?3. He wants to go to the cinema.二、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间

7、连用。1.一般过去时的结构(1)肯定结构主语+ was/were +表语I was happy yesterday.我昨天很开心。主语+谓语动词过去式(+其他)I went to Beijing last weekend.我上周末去了北京。(2)否定结构主语+ wasnt/werent +表语I wasnt at home yesterday.我昨天不在家。主语+ didnt +谓语动词原形(+其他)I didnt go to school yesterday.我昨天没去上学。(3)一般疑问句结构Was/Were +主语+表语Was he at home yesterday?他昨天在家吗?Di

8、d +主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Did you go to school yesterday?你昨天上学了吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Where was he last year?去年他在哪里?What did he do yesterday?他昨天做了什么?2.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态I saw him in the park yesterday.昨天我在公园看见他了。(2)表示过去的习惯性动作或存在的状态Mary always went to school on foot last year.去年玛丽总是步行上学。(3)表示主语

9、过去的特征或性格He was a shy boy when he was young.他小时候是个害羞的男孩。3.动词的一般过去时形式：动词的过去式动词过去式的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加-edwatchwatched playplayed以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，词尾加-ddancedancedlivelived useused closeclosed以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-edstudystudiedcrycried trytried carrycarried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-edplanplannedshopshoppe

10、d stopstopped chatchatted特殊变化的动词bewas/weregowent havehad dodid热身小练变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.She was very poor.(变为一般疑问句)_2.I had bread and milk for breakfast.(变为否定句)_3.I went to the library yesterday.(对句子画线部分提问)_答案：1.Was she very poor?2.I didnt have bread and milk for breakfast.3.When did you go to t

11、he library?三、一般将来时1.一般将来时的结构(1)肯定结构主语+ will+谓语动词原形(+其他)I will go to Sanya tomorrow.我明天要去三亚。主语+am/is/are going to+谓语动词原形(+其他)We are going to have a party.我们打算举办一个聚会。(2)否定结构主语+ will not(= wont)+谓语动词原形(+其他)I will not go to Hong Kong this week.我这周末不会去香港。主语+am/is/are not going to+谓语动词原形(+其他)I am not goin

12、g to play games.我不打算玩游戏。(3)一般疑问句结构Will +主语+谓语动词原形(+其他)Will you go shopping tomorrow?你明天要去购物吗?Is/Are +主语+ going to+谓语动词原形(+其他)Are you going to play basketball?你要去打篮球吗?(4)特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式What are you going to do?你打算做什么?When will you go tomorrow?你明天什么时候去?2.一般将来时的用法(1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态I will go

13、to the movies.我要去看电影。(2)表示对未来的计划或打算We are going to have a class meeting this afternoon.我们今天下午打算开班会。热身小练变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.They wont be late.(变为肯定句)_2.Im going to have a birthday party.(变为否定句)_3.My mother is going to take a train to Shenzhen.(变为一般疑问句)_答案：1. They will be late.2. Im not going to

14、 have a birthday party.3.Is your mother going to take a train to Shenzhen?四、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。1.现在进行时的结构(1)肯定结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(+其他)They are dancing now.她们正在跳舞。(2)否定结构：主语+ am not/isnt/arent+动词现在分词(+其他)She isnt sleeping.她没在睡觉。(3)一般疑问句：ls/Are +主语+动词现在分词(+其他)Are they having fun?他们玩得开心吗

15、?(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句句式Who is singing?谁在唱歌?What are you doing?你在做什么?2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示现在正在进行的动作Im listening to music now.我正在听音乐。(2)表示现阶段正在进行或持续的动作She is studying hard this term.她这学期学习一直很努力。3.动词的现在进行时形式：动词的现在分词动词现在分词的变化规则一般情况下在动词词尾加-ingwatchwatching playplaying以不发音的字母e结尾的动dancedancing useusing词，去e加-ingl

16、iveliving closeclosing以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ingplanplanningshopshopping stopstopping chatchatting以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y,再加-ingdiedying lielying热身小练变一变。请你根据括号内的提示变换下列句子的形式。1.My father is reading.(变为否定句)_2.My mom and grandma are cooking.(变为一般疑问句)_3.He is playing with the little dog.(对句子画线部分提问)_答案：1. M

17、y father isnt reading.2.Are your mom and grandma cooking?3.What is he doing?知识精练一、单选题( )1My grandpa _ strong. Now he is weak. AisBdoesCwas( )2What are you doing? I am _ a card.AmakesBmakingCmake( )3Yesterday we _ a pair of runners and a T-shirt for Li Ming. AbuyBboughtCis buying( )4From then on, Sam

18、 and Tina _ good friends. AbecomeBbecomedCbecame( )5Jim often _ for a walk after dinner. But yesterday he _. Ago; doesntBgoes; didntCwent; didntDwent; doesnt( )6Mike helps his mother at home and _ well at school too. AdoBdidCdoes( )7How often _ she exercise? Twice a week.AdoBdoesCdoingDdid( )8We _ a

19、ny dancing classes on Friday. Aare havingBarent havingCdont haveDare have( )9He often _ supper at 6:00 in the evening. AhaveBhasCis havingDis eating( )10The lion _ the net with his teeth, but that didnt _. Abite; helpBbit; helpCbit; helped( )11_ did you _ last week? I visited my grandmother.AWhere;

20、doBWhere; goCWhat; doDWhat; go( )12The mouse _ the lion _ out from the net at last. Ahelp; gotBhelp; getChelped; gotDhelped; get( )13What colour _ you _ this desk? I _ it pink.Aare; going to paint; am going to paint Bdo; paint; paint Cdid; paint; painted( )14_ he going to Hong Kong next week? No, he

21、 _.ADoes; doesntBIs; isntCWill; wont( )15Will your parents go to Hong Kong next year? No, _.Athey wontBthey dontCthey arent( )16What _ the boys _ do this afternoon? Ais; goingBare; goingCare; going to( )17_ the children going to have a party or watch a film for Mikes birthday? AAreBWasCwill( )18The

22、children are _ carefully, but they cant _ anything. Alistening; hearBlistening; listenChearing; hear( )19Where is Dan? He _ in the playground. He _ there every morning.Aruns; runsBis running; runsCis running; is running( )20Mike is _ his yellow T-shirt in his bedroom. OK. He likes _ yellow.Awearing;

23、 putting onBputting on; wearingCwearing; wearingDhaving; in( )21How is the weather today? Its _. Look! Its _ heavily now.Arain, rainBrainy, rainingCrainy, rainyDraining, rainy( )22Dont speak. He _ the children stories. AtellsBtellingCis tellingDtell( )23_ did you go to Nanjing? I _ to Nanjing by car

24、.AHow; goBWhere; wentCHow; wentDWhere; go( )24Twenty years ago, Mikes father _ the telephone _ people. Aused; calledBuse; callCused; to call( )25Annie with her friends _ watch a film in the cinema the day after tomorrow. Ais going toBare going toCgoes toDgo to( )26I _ Mum a card on her last birthday

25、, but I _ one this year. Abuy; madeBam going to buy; am going to makeCbought; am going to make( )27There _ a fashion show this weekend. Shall we go to watch it together? Awill haveBwill beCis going toDis going to have( )28It is _ now. It often _ here in spring. Araining; rainyBraining; rainsCrained;

26、 rainy( )29John _ kites in the park last night. He often _ kites at weekends. Aflying; fliesBflew; fliesCfly; flew( )30Whats _ dream? He _ to be a teacher.Ahis; wantBhis; wantsChes; wants二、用单词正确形式填空31She usually _ (take) a metro to work.32He usually _ (finish) his homework before dinner.33Everyone _

27、 (have) a dream. My dream is to be a doctor.34Mike always _ (have) meals on time, but his sister _. (do not).35Miss Li is a quiet woman. She often _ (stay) at home.36Mr Smith is a Maths _ (teach). He _ (teach) Maths well.37Theres nothing in the bowl. Who _ (eat) the noodles in it?38Why _ the king _

28、(look) sad?Because he couldnt see the magic clothes.39_ Sam _ (find) his kite yesterday? Yes.40The young man wasnt happy because he _ (lose) his job.41We _ (live) in the town when we were_ (child).42There _ (be) any coffee in the fridge yesterday.43I _ (visit) my grandparents the day after tomorrow.

29、44Liu Tao will _ (watch) a film in the cinema.45We _ (have) a party at school next week.46They _ (move) the factory away from the town next year.47Big news! We _ (have) a fashion show next week. Well, Miss Li _ (tell) us yesterday.48Who _ (fly) the kite there?Helen is.49Look! Miss Li _ (make) a tele

30、phone call to her friend.50Look! Four horses _ (run) over there51The children _ (swim) now.52Look, my grandpa _ (learn) to buy gifts on the Internet.53People _ (buy) many things for the coming Chinese New Year.54A dog barked loudly near my house and _ (wake) me up.55They _ (brush) their teeth before

31、 bedtime every day.三、改写句子56Liu Tao has some meat for dinner. (改为一般疑问句)_ Liu Tao _ any meat for dinner.57I brush my teeth in the morning. (用Yang Ling改写句子)Yang Ling _ _ teeth in the morning.58Su Hai does well at school. (改为否定句)Su Hai _ _ well at school.59My sister wants to be a nurse. (改成一般疑问句) _ _ si

32、ster _ to be a nurse?60There were some animal shows in the park. (改为否定句) There _ _ animal shows in the park.61I found my lost book.(改为一般疑问句) _ you _ your lost book?62My mother woke me up this morning. (对划线部分提问)_ _ you up this morning?63The king is happy today. (用two days ago改写) The king _ _ two days

33、 ago.64Ill see a film with Helen. (改为一般疑问句并否定回答)_ _ see a film with Helen? _, _ _.65The king is wearing some clothes. (对划线部分提问)_ the king _?66They will bring some balloons to the school tomorrow. (对划线部分提问)_ they do tomorrow?67It was cold and windy this morning. (对划线部分提问) _ was the weather _ this mor

34、ning?68Tom will travel around the world with his family. (改为否定句)Tom _ around the world with his family.69Im going to Ocean Park for the holiday. (改为一般疑问句)_ you _ to Ocean Park for the holiday?70Mikes grandpa ate noodles yesterday morning. (用now改写句子)Mikes grandpa _ _ noodles now.71Kitty is playing th

35、e piano at the concert. (对画线部分提问)_ Kitty _ at the concert?72They are eating some noodles in a restaurant. (改为一般疑问句)_ they eating _ noodles in a restaurant?73Liu Tao has a few apples every week. (对画线部分提问)_ _ apples does Liu Tao have every week?答案1C2B3B4C5B6C7B8C9B10B11C12D13A14B15A16C17A18A19B20B21B2

36、2C23C24C25A26C27B28B29B30B31takes32finishes33has34has doesnt35stays36teacher teaches37ate38did look39Did find40lost41lived children42wasnt43will visit/am going to visit44watch45will have/are going to have46will move47are going to have told48is flying49is making50are running51are swimming52is learnin

37、g53are going to buy54woke55brush56Does have57brushes her58doesnt do59Does your want60werent any61Did find62Who woke63was happy64Will you No I wont65Whats wearing66What will67What like68wont travel69Are going70is eating71Whats doing72Are any73How many记忆口诀一般将来时(will)一般将来时,将要发生事。谓语不一般,will加动原;变否定,will后面not添;变疑问,就把will放前面。现在进行时现在进行时,正在发生事。主语在句首,am/is/are跟着走;现在分词紧跟后,表示动作正进行。否定句,只需be后来把not添。一般疑问句,be到主语前面去。一般现在时用好一般现在时,基本用法要牢记。动作习惯经常性,客观真理和能力。谓语若为行为动,形式还需主语定。主语人称是三单,动词要把s/es添。句中若有主动和情动,谓语动词现原形。一般过去时一般过去时,过去发生事。向中动词过去式,过去时间是标志。否定句,很简单,动词前面didnt添;疑问结构也不难,Did加在主语前;还有一点要谨记,后面动词要还原。