专题14 人与动植物-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇.docx

1、话题十四 人与动植物第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1.dinosaur n._2. trunk n._3.troublesome adj._4.mushroom n._5.twist v._6.squirrel n._7.ultimate adj._8.unconditional adj._9.undergo v._10.uneasy adj._11.unrest n._12.vacant adj._13.bat n._14.variation_15.habitat n._16.evolution n._17.trademark n._18.transform v._19. transpar

2、ent adj._20.tragedy n._21.violate v._22.underwear n._23. victim n._24.vanish v._25.vehicle in._26._adj.传统的；惯例的27._翻译；译文；转化；调任28._n.金银财宝；财富；财产；珍品_v.珍视29._adj.典型的；有代表性的；象征性的30._n.雨伞；保护伞；庇护；伞形结构31._adj.未料到的；意外的；想不到的32._adj.不公平的；不公正的33._adj.不幸的令人遗憾的；不成功的34._adv.不情愿地；勉强地35._v.更新；校正；修正；使现代化36._adj.难过的；心烦的

3、；混乱的；弄翻的37._adj.迫切的；紧急的；急迫的38._adj.有价值的；贵重的；可估价的39._adv.毋庸置疑地；确实地40._v.揭开；揭露；发现41._n.家庭教师；导师；助教；(尤指音乐)课本42._n.&v.贸易；交易43._n.暴力；暴行；侵犯；激烈；歪曲44._n.运输；运载工具；运输系统；流放45._n.美德；德行；优点；贞操；功效46._adj.难以置信的；不可信的47.in view of_48._各种各样的49.vary from hour to hour_50._徒劳；白辛苦51.休假_52.充分利用_53._对是独有的54._学生会55.make onesel

4、f understood_56._在建设中57.没有意识到_58._轮流；依次做某事59._.到达；出现；发生；使仰卧60.调低；拒绝；减小，关小_61.migration pattern_62.growth stage_词汇拓展1.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；一贯的；平常的；不出所料；特有的The elderly man may not be_,but he speaks for a significant body of opinion.这位老人也许并没有代表性，但他所说的话却代表着相当一部分人的观点。The weather at the moment is_ not fo

5、r July.现在的天气并不是七月份常有的。A _working day for me begins at 7:30.我的工作日一般在7:30开始。2.turn up(常指出其不意地或经长久等待后)出现，到来，露面；找出；发现；注意到；出现；开大，调高(收音机、暖气等)He_late.他迟到了。Investigations have never_any evidence.调查从没发现任何证据。I cant hear the radio very well. Could you_it_a bit?收音机我听不太清楚，你把声音开大点行吗?【联想】turn to翻到；转向；变成；求助于，求教于tur

6、n over翻身，翻转；把移交；换频道；营业额达turn out结果是，证明是；到场，出席；出来；制造turn off关掉；使厌烦turn into成为；翻译turn in交上去；告发；上床睡觉turn back返回；往回走；阻挡；翻回到turn round转身；调头；转向另一面；使好转turn against转而反对；与反目turn about转身，向后转turn on打开；攻击活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Aron couldnt speak Polish. I made myself_(understand)with difficu

7、lty.2.1_(wait)for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.3. Fast mask-changing is unique_Sichuan Opera performance.4.I find _unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behaviour.5. All kinds of_(tradition)craft industries are preserved here.二、翻译句子1.I read his article again and again,trying hard

8、to understand what he was driving at but in vain._2.在我们班，我们轮流做值日报告。(take turns)_3.建设中的那幢建筑物是一个公共图书馆。(under construction)_4.既然你有了这个机会，你可以充分地利用它了。(make use of)_参考答案单词&短语1.恐龙 2.树干；皮箱；象鼻 3.麻烦的；棘手的 4.蘑菇5.弯曲；扭曲 6.松鼠 7.最后的；最终的 8.无条件的9.经历；忍受 10.不自在的；忧虑的 11.动荡；不安12.空的；空缺的 13.蝙蝠 14.变化；差别 15.栖息地16.进化 17.商标 18.

9、使变形；使改变 19.透明的20.不幸；悲剧 21.违反(法律等);扰乱 22.衬衣；内衣23.牺牲品；受害者 24.突然不见 25.车辆；运载工具26.traditional 27.translation 28.treasure 29.typical 30.umbrella 31.unexpected 32.unfair 33.unfortunate34.unwillingly 35.update 36.upset 37.urgent 38.valuable39.undoubtedly 40.uncover 41.tutor 42.trade43.violence 44.transporta

10、tion 45.virtue 46.unbelievable47.鉴于；考虑到 48.a variety of/varieties of 49.时刻都在变化 50.in vain 51.take/have a vacation 52.make full use of 53.be unique to 54. the Students Union55.把自己的意思说清楚 56.under construction 57.be unconscious of 58.do sth. by turns/in turn;take turns to do sth. 59.turn up 60.turn dow

11、n 61.迁徙模式62.生长阶段词汇拓展1.typical;typical;typical2.turned up;turned up;turned;up活学活用一、1.understood 2.have been waiting 3. to 4.it 5.traditional二、1.我把他的文章读了一遍又一遍，但对他的意图仍百思不解。2.In our class,we take turns to do the duty report.3.The building under construction is a public library.4.Now that youve got a cha

12、nce,you might as well make full use of it第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解Kids everywhere love to play. And they know a ball is a perfect thing to play with. Now scientists at Londons Queen Mary University report that bumblebees seem to know the same thing, making bumblebees the first insects known to play.When pe

13、ople talk about “play”, theyre describing an animal doing something that doesnt really seem to help it. Theyre not doing the action to get food or shelter or another similar “reward”. Play usually happens when a creature is relaxed and is often repeated.However, scientists think many animals and bir

14、ds playing is a kind of training for things theyll have to deal with in later life. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing.Scientists at Dr. Chittkas lab, carried out an experiment. First, they tagged (贴标签) 45 young bumblebees, both male and female, between 1 and 23 days old. The

15、tags made the bees easier to identify and follow.The scientists set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees nest to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, the researchers placed small colored wooden balls. On one side of the path, the balls were attached and couldnt move. On the other si

16、de, the balls could roll around. It turned out that the bumblebees werent interested in the unmovable balls, but they made lots of visits to the rolling balls.Grabbing the balls with their legs, the bees would flap (拍打) their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45 tagged bumblebees

17、 rolled balls 910 times during the experiment. Though some only did it once, others did it a lot. The younger bumblebees spent more time rolling balls. Males seemed more likely to play than females.“Its not clear why the bees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it But the experiment raises importan

18、t questions about how the insects minds work and whether they have feelings. With further research, the future will hold surprises and answers in store for us,” said Dr. Chittka.1What is the purpose of animals play according to scientists?ATo find ideal shelter.BTo receive extra rewards.CTo develop

19、survival skills.DTo get their fellows attention.2What did Dr. Chittkas experiment focus on?ABumblebees categories.BBumblebees habitats.CBumblebees intelligence.DBumblebees behavior.3What was the result of the experiment?AYounger male bumblebees preferred to roll the balls.BBumblebees possessed diffe

20、rent wing beat frequency.CBumblebees could distinguish balls of different colors.DA specially-built pathway helped bumblebees find food.4What is Dr. Chittkas attitude to their future research?AUncertain.BDoubtful.COptimistic.DCritical.【答案】1C2D3A4C【导语】这是一篇说明文。各地的孩子都爱玩。他们知道球是玩的完美的东西。文章介绍了现在伦敦玛丽女王大学的科学

21、家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也知道同样的事情，这使大黄蜂成为已知的第一个会玩的昆虫。1细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, scientists think many animals and birds playing is a kind of training for things theyll have to deal with in later life.”（然而，科学家们认为，许多动物和鸟类的玩耍是一种训练，以便它们在以后的生活中应对问题。）可知，科学家认为动物玩耍的目的是培养生存技能。故选C项。2细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientists at Dr. Chittkas lab,

22、carried out an experiment. First, they tagged 45 young bumblebees, both male and female, between 1 and 23 days old. The tags made the bees easier to identify and follow.”（Chittka博士实验室的科学家们进行了一项实验。首先，他们标记了45只1至23天大的小大黄蜂，有雄有雌。这些标签使蜜蜂更容易被识别和跟踪。）根据最后一段“Its not clear why the bees roll the balls or whethe

23、r they enjoy it ”（目前尚不清楚蜜蜂为什么会滚动这些球）可知，Chittka博士的实验关注的是大黄蜂的行为。故选D项。3细节理解题。根据第五段中“The younger bumblebees spent more time rolling balls. Males seemed more likely to play than females.”（年轻的大黄蜂花更多的时间滚球。雄性似乎比雌性更喜欢玩。）可知，实验结果发现年轻的雄性大黄蜂更喜欢滚球。故选A项。4推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With further research, the future will hold su

24、rprises and answers in store for us,” said Dr. Chittka.”（随着进一步的研究，未来将为我们带来惊喜和答案，”Chittka博士说。）故可推知，Chittka博士对他们未来的研究持乐观的态度。故选C项。（B）完形填空People hold general belief that birds will fly south in winter. But not all birds do so to escape the _56_ and settle somewhere nice and warm. Many of our feathered f

25、riends actually _57_ and try to live through the hard time. They will face greater _58_ when temperatures drop well beyond the freezing point. It was against this background that a _59_ about rescuing a little sparrow took place. The poor bird was caught off-guard by the freezing temperatures and ha

26、d itself _60_ on the metal piping next to a water heater._61_,a man by the name of Nelson Wilson _62_ the frightened bird. When he hurried to see what was happening, he saw it _63_ desperately and decided to do something to help it out. “When I went over, I _64_ the bird which was glued down to the

27、pipe and couldnt fly away,”Wilson _65_ . “The little bird most likely _66_ to drink some water because it is not _67_ for birds to drink from the heated tank in winter. But unfortunately , its feet got _68_ from the water and froze into the metal piping. So I _69_ to warm the feet of the frightened

28、bird by pressing my palm (手掌) against both the _70_ and the birds feet.”But the _71_ did not give him what he wanted. Then, Wilson started _72_ blowing warm air on the bird to _73_ its fragile feet and make them get warm earlier. After several minutes, his warming the birds feet with his warm _74_ b

29、rought success. The bird was finally able to _75_ its previously frozen feet. It was saved!56AsiteBenemyCdiseaseDcold57Astay behindBstep forwardCtake ofDcome out58AfailureBdilemmaCdangerDtruth59AripBstoryCtaskDmeeting60A1ostBbathedCconfusedDtrapped61AHopefullyBThankfullyCSuddenlyDStrangely62AfoundBa

30、cceptedCseizedDheard63A1yimgBwaitingCstrugglingDhunting64AtreatedBnoticedCobtainedDpushed65AexplainedBconcludedCpredictedDadded66ArefusedBhesitatedCstoppedDlearnt67AinconvenientBharmlessCpracticalDuncommon68AstickyBwetCslipperyDheavy69AattemptedBmanagedCagreedDexpected70ApipeBiceCwaterDfeather71Acha

31、llengeBapproachCadvantageDattention72AcasuallyBeventuallyCgentlyDaccidentally73AobserveBpullCrecognizeDprotect74AbreathBcoatCarmDchest75AfeelBseeCmoveDdrop答案：56D57A58C59C60D61B62A63C64B65A66C67C68A69A70A71B72C73D74A75C【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Nelson Wilson营救被困在冻住的金属管上的小麻雀的故事。56考查名词词义辨析。句意：但并不是所有的鸟类都这样做是为了躲

32、避寒冷，并在温暖舒适的地方定居。A. site场所；B. enemy敌人；C. disease疾病；D. cold寒冷。根据“settle somewhere nice and warm”可知，不是所有的鸟类都会向南迁移躲避寒冷。故选D项。57考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的许多长着羽毛的朋友实际上会留下来，试图度过这段艰难的时光。A. stay behind留下来；B. step forward向前；C. take of利用；D. come out出版。根据“But not all birds do so to escape the 1 and settle somewhere nice an

33、d warm.”可知，有一些鸟会留下来度过寒冬。故选A项。58考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度下降到远远超过冰点时，它们将面临更大的危险。A. failure失败；B. dilemma两难；C. danger危险；D. truth真相。根据“when temperatures drop well beyond the freezing point”可知，当温度降到冰点以下很多时，鸟儿们会遇到更大的危险。故选C项。59考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是在这样的背景下，一项营救一只小麻雀的任务发生了。A. rip撕裂口；B. story故事；C. task任务；D. meeting会议。根据“about

34、rescuing a little sparrow”可知，营救一只小麻雀是一项任务。故选C项。60考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只可怜的小鸟被冰冻的温度吓得措手不及，卡在热水器旁边的金属管道上。A. lost丢失；B. bathed沐浴；C. confused使困惑；D. trapped卡住。根据“The poor bird was caught off-guard by the freezing temperatures”可知，小鸟被卡住了。故选D项。61考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸好，一个叫尼尔森威尔逊的人发现了这只受惊的鸟。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Thankfully幸好；C.

35、 Suddenly突然；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据“a man by the name of Nelson Wilson 6 the frightened bird”可知，幸好小鸟被发现了。故选B项。62考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. found发现；B. accepted接受；C. seized抓住；D. heard听到。根据“When he hurried to see what was happening”可知，Nelson Wilson发现了这只鸟。故选A项。63考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他赶去看发生了什么事时，他看到它在拼命地挣扎，于是决定做些什么来帮助它。A. lyin

36、g躺；B. waiting等待；C. struggling挣扎；D. hunting捕猎。根据“desperately”及上文描写小鸟被困住可知，鸟儿应该在挣扎想要逃脱。故选C项。64考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我走过去的时候，我注意到那只鸟被粘在了水管上，飞不走了，” 威尔逊解释说。A. treated对待；B. noticed注意到；C. obtained获得；D. pushed推。根据“a man by the name of Nelson Wilson 6 the frightened bird”可知，Nelson Wilson注意到这只鸟被粘在水管上。故选B项。65考查动词词义辨析。

37、句意同上。A. explained解释；B. concluded得出结论；C. predicted预测；D. added添加。根据前后文Nelson Wilson所说可知，此处为他在解释发现鸟及解救鸟的过程。故选A项。66考查动词词义辨析。句意：小鸟很可能停下来喝水，因为在冬天，鸟儿从加热的水箱里喝水是不现实的。A. refused拒绝；B. hesitated犹豫；C. stopped停止；D. learnt学习。根据“to drink some water”可知，Nelson Wilson推测，小鸟停下来喝水，因此被困住了。故选C项。67考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. inconven

38、ient不方便的；B. harmless无害的；C. practical实际的；D. uncommon不常见的。根据“in winter”可以推测，冬天从热水箱里喝水是不实际的。故选C项。68考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不幸的是，它的脚被水粘住了，冻在了金属管道里。A. sticky粘的；B. wet潮湿的；C. slippery滑的；D. heavy重的。根据前文第三段内容及“froze into the metal piping”可知，小鸟被粘住了。故选A项。69考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我试着用我的手掌温暖管道和鸟的脚。A. attempted尝试；B. managed（设法）完成；C

39、. agreed同意；D. expected期待。根据“to warm the feet of the frightened bird by pressing my palm”可知，看到小鸟的脚被粘住了，Nelson Wilson尝试着温暖鸟的脚。故选A项。70考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pipe管道；B. ice冰；C. water水；D. feather羽毛。根据“froze into the metal piping”可知，鸟的脚与金属管道冻在一起，因此，需要一起加热金属管。故选A项。71考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是这种方法并没有给他想要的东西。A. challenge挑战；B.

40、approach方法；C. advantage优势；D. attention注意力。根据“So I _14_ to warm the feet of the frightened bird by pressing my palm against both the _15_ and the birds feet.”可知，Nelson Wilson用手掌捂热小鸟的脚和管道的方法没有奏效。故选B项。72考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，威尔逊开始轻轻地向这只鸟吹暖空气，以保护它脆弱的脚，让它们早点暖和起来。A. casually随意地；B. eventually最终；C. gently轻柔地；D. ac

41、cidentally偶然地。根据“its fragile feet”可知，Nelson Wilson轻轻地向小鸟的脚吹暖空气。故选C项。73考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. observe观察；B. pull拉；C. recognize认出；D. protect保护。根据“its fragile feet and make them get warm earlier”可知，吹暖空气的目的是为了保护鸟儿脆弱的脚。故选D项。74考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，他用温暖的呼吸温暖了小鸟的脚，成功了。A. breath呼吸；B. coat外套；C. arm手臂；D. chest胸膛。根据上文“blowing warm air on the bird”可知，Nelson Wilson用呼吸温暖了小鸟的脚。故选A项。75考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只鸟终于能够移动它之前冻住的脚了。A. feel感觉；B. see看见；C. move移动；D. drop掉落。根据“its previously frozen feet”可知，鸟儿终于能移动之前被冻住的脚了。故选C项。