专题44 9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）.docx

1、 9BU4-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语知识点1：重要单词和词组1、词性变换(1) crowd (n.) -_(adj.)(2) pollute (v.) -_(n.) -_(adj.)(3) rapid (adj.) -_(adv.)(4) increase (n.) -_(v.)(5) comfortable (adj.) - _(adv.) - _(反义词)(6) taste(v.) - _ (n.) -_ (adj.) -_(比较级) -_(最高级)-_(adj.) -_(反义词)(7) special (adj.) -_(adv.)(8) cha

2、llenge (n.) -_(v.) -_(adj.)(9) develop (v.) -_(n.) -_(adj.) -_(adj.)【答案】1. crowded 2. pollution; polluted 3. rapidly 4. increase 5. comfortably; uncomfortable6. taste; tasty; tastier; tastiest; tasteful; tasteless 7. specially 8. challenge; challenging 9. development; developed; developing2、重要词组(1)氧

3、气罐_(2)干粮_(3)睡袋_(4)电源包_(5)到2100年时_(6)人口上的快速增长_(7)再；重新_(8)以.的速度_(9)以.的形式_(10)到火星的旅行_(11)漂浮到太空中_(12)与相比_(13)在某些方面_(14)与.什么连接_【答案】air tankdried foodsleeping bagpower packby the year2100the rapid increase in populationall over againat a/the speed of.in the form of.the journey to Marsfloat off into spacec

4、omparewithin some waysconnect to.知识点2：重点词组的用法1. think aboutthink about 考虑，想起think of 考虑；记起；想起think over 仔细考虑think up 想出，发明注意：What do you think of? 你觉得怎么样？2. population 人口当population作为具体的人时，是复数。如果是人的数量，用法和number类似，数量分大小，所以只有large/small population.3. at the speed of 以的速度That night he drove the car at

5、the speed of 200km per hour. 那天晚上他以每小时200千米的速度驾驶。类似的短语：at full/high speed 全速/高速4. increase v. 增加increase by+倍数或百分数表示“增加了”increase to+具体的数字表示“增加到”increase in 在 方面的增长The population of this town has increased by 5 percent. The population of our country has increased to 1.3 billion. 5. compare v. 比较(1)

6、comparewith把和比较If you compare his work with hers, you will find hers is much better. 如果你把他的工作和她的做比较，你会发现她的好得多。(2) compareto 把比作Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人将睡眠比作死亡。6. in some ways 在一些方面；在某种程度上way的相关短语in the way 挡路，妨碍in this way 用这种方式by the way顺便问一下on the way to 在去的路上7. specially adv. 特别地 要注

7、意specially和especially的区别(1) especially是副词，意为“尤其”、“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。 Its especially hot today.今天天气特别热。 He likes all subjects, especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。(2) specially 也是副词，意为“专门地”“特地”，表示“不是为了别的，而只是为了”，强调唯一目的。 He came here specially to say sorry to her. 他特意来这里向她道歉。He returned to her

8、 hometown specially to see her sick mother 她回到家乡专门看望生病的母亲。8. prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事相当于stop sb from doing，from可省略。We cannot prevent/stop an earthquake from coming. 我们不能阻止地震的到来。9. challenging adj. 挑战性的Mike found a challenging job as a computer programmer.challenge challengeto向某人挑战My father chal

9、lenged me to a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球赛。知识点3：重点句型用法1. How do you like life on Mars?(P50) 你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？How do you like ? 常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何。表达这一意思时还可以说What do you think of? 2. I thought you liked Mars. (P50) 我本以为你喜欢火星。thought是think的过去式，在此处表示“本以为”，一般在动词填空题里会涉及到。3. What would it be like

10、to live on Mars? (P51) 住在火星上将会是什么样子呢？What will/would sth. be like这是Whats sth. like的将来时句型。需要注意此句型在宾语从句中要改为What sth. will/would be like.4. Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. (P52)一些人相信人类到2100为止能够居住在火星上。5. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more

11、 crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. (P52) 我们自己的星球，地球，由于人口的快速增长将会变得越来越拥挤。比较级 and 比较级 表示“越来越”because of +名词短语increase in 在方面的增长6. It is hoped that people could start all over again and build a better world on Mars. (P52)人们希望能够在火星上重新开始并且建立一个更美好的世界。It is + 过去分词句型It is said

12、 据说It is believed 据相信5. At present, our spacecraft are too slow to carry large numbers of passengers to Mars -it would take months. (P52)目前，我们的宇宙飞船太慢而不能运送大量的乘客去火星，这要花费数月的时间。(1) tooto 太而不能. 注意和enough to的句型转换He is too short to reach the apples on the tree.=He is not tall enough to reach the apples on

13、the tree.(2) a number of 大量的，后面跟可数名词复数the number of 的数量6. With the development of technology, by the year 2100, the journey might only take about 20 minutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed of light! (P52)随着技术的发展，到2100年，坐飞船以光速旅行只需要花费大约20分钟的时间。with表示伴随着with the help of 在的帮助下with the support of

14、在的支持下7. Human cannot survive without water, oxygen or food. (P52)人类没有水、空气或食物无法生存。本单元的语法讲的是简单句与省略句的转换，所以此处就等于Human cannot survive if there is no food, water or oxygen. 8. The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on the Earth. (P53)火星的重力只有地球的大约八分之三。分数的表达法 分数表达法：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要

15、用复数形式，在分子与分母之间可加连字符也可不加连字符。 分数+of+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视of后面的名词而定，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。One third of the water is dirty.Two thirds of the workers in our factory are young people.9. Compared with life on the Earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. (P53) 与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面

16、要好些。 过去分词短语compared with life on the Earth在句中作状语。主语是life与compare之间是被动关系，所以compare需要用过去分词；如果life与compare之间是主动关系，则compare用动名词形式。Comparing the prices of shoes in three shops, she decided to choose the cheapest one.10. Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary network. (

17、P53) 每个学生家里都有一台电脑与星际网络连接。过去分词短语connected to an interplanetary network在句中作定语，修饰前面的computer.connect to意为：把连接在上，与连在一起。此处connected to an interplanetary network是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰名词computer。这里的名词computer与动词connect是动宾关系，故动词用过去分词形式。如果被修饰的名词与动词之间是主谓关系，则用该动词的现在分词形式。The railway connecting Shanghai to Tianjin is u

18、nder construction now.11. Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging. (P53)火星上的生活，不仅有挑战性，还很有趣。as well as 不但.而且，既.又注意：这一短语在译成中文时，应先译as well as 后面的内容，再译前面的。He as well as his friends likes going shopping.1.advantage 优点，优势advantage 既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为“优势，优点，有利条件”，其反义词为disadvantage,意为“劣势，缺点

19、，不利条件。”例：As we all know, the advantages of a good education are great.众所周知，良好的教育益处很大。例:If you cant speak English well, you will be at a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.你要是英语讲的不好，找工作时就会处于非常不利的地位。2.After all, humans have already been to the Moon.毕竟，人们已经到过月球。after all 意为“毕竟”，这是after all一般放在句

20、首，用来提醒对方（听话的人）似乎忘记了一个重要事实，或者忽略了某个重要的理由或论点。例：After all, he is a child.毕竟他是一个小孩。拓展：与all 相关的一些短语in all 总共，总计 above all 首先，更重要的是 3.Im not sure if its worth the risk.我不确定是否值得冒险。risk 名词，意为 “风险，危险“例：He saved my life at the risk of his own life.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。拓展：risk 用作动词，意为“冒.的危险”。risk doing sth “冒险做某事”例：The

21、 captain was not willing to risk taking his ship through the straits in such bad weather.船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。4.However, some other students were worried about living there.然而，其他一些学生对住在那表示担忧。be worried about sb/doing sth 意为“对某人/做某事感到担心/担忧。例:Im worried about my coimg singing competition.我对接下来的歌唱比赛感

22、到担心。拓展：worry 还可用作及物动词，意为“使担心，使忧虑”，用法为：sth worry sb 某事使某人担忧例：My English worries me most.我的英语使我担心。5.Do you make spelling mistakes? 你犯拼写上的错误吗？mistake 的意思是“错误，过失”，make a mistake 意为“犯错误”，例：She has made a serious mistake but she doesnt realize it .她犯了一个严重的错误，但她还没有意识到。拓展：mistake 还可作为动词，意为“误解，弄错”。6.Here is

23、a guide to living on Mars in the future.下面是未来在火星的生活指南。guide 名词，意为“手册，指南，导游”，后面跟介词to , 意为“.方面的指导/指南”。例：This book is a guide to grammar.这本书是一本语法入门的书。拓展:不少名词后面都可接介词to引起的短语作定语，表示“.的”。这些名词有：way,answer,key,entrance,attitude,solution,attention,devotion,contribution,road等。例：the answer to the question 这个问题的答

24、案 the entrance to the theatre 剧场的入口a key to the grammar exercises 语法练习的答案 on my way to the school 我上学的路上过语法简单句和复合句之间的转换（二）1. 含有状语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换 在英语中，我们可以用at the age of, because of, without.等介词短语，将含有状语从句的复合句改为简单句。 He learnt to swim when he was eight years old.He learnt to swim at the age of eight. H

25、e could not go to the party because he had too much homework.He could not go to the party because of too much homework. He cannot solve this problem if he has no help.He cannot solve this problem without help.2. 含有宾语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换 在英语中，我们可以用of., like.等介词短语，将含有宾语从句的复合句改为简单句。 The photos remind me tha

26、t I travelled to the UK five years agoThe photos remind me of my trip to the UK five years ago. Are you certain that Tom is satisfied with the plan?Are you certain about Toms satisfaction with the plan?3. 含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换在英语中，我们可以用with., in.等介词短语，将含有定语从句的复合句改为简单句。Do you know the girl who is holdi

27、ng two books in her hand?Do you know the girl with two books in her hand? The man who wears a blue shirt is our English teacher.The man in a blue shirt is our English teacher. 考点一：宾语从句的关系词、语序、时态例 1: Did your father tell you _?A. when he travelled to Hong Kong B. how he goes to ShanghaiC. where he ha

28、s spent his holidays D. why did he visit Hangzhou例2: I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he comeB. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come例3: Parents care more about _ pocket money they should give their children and _.A. how much; where it goes B. how many; where does it

29、 goC. how much; how does it goes D. how many; how it goes例4:How long does it take to get to the airport? Forty minutes. But its foggy today. Im not sure the highway will closes soon. Lets set off earlier.A. whether B. when C. how D. why【答案】ADAA考点二：定语从句的关系词以及在动词填空题中的运用例 1: -The volunteers are doing a

30、 great job in Yushu. -Yes. They are helping the people _ are suffering from the earthquake. A. which B. what C. / D. who 例 2: They want to develop a kind a dog-friendly food _ will help dog owners cool down their pets. A. who B. what C. which D. whether 例 3:I like the photo I took on the beach yeste

31、rday. What do you think of it?Well, really nice!A. where B. when C. which D. who例 4:The charity show he devoted much time to_(prove) to be a success.例 5:The boy his teacher paid much attention to _(improve) a lot in the test at last.【答案】D C C proved improved重难点训练一、单项选择1.Its necessary to cover your n

32、ose and mouth while sneezing because viruses usually float the air us.A .in ；in B.around；in C. in；around D.around ；around2. -Lets play a game on Mars，shall we？ -Ok，though I prefer a game on TV.A .watch B .to watch C. watching D. to watching3 .Do you still remember the amount of money in the bank? -

33、Of course. Whats wrong?A.store B .storing C .is stored D. stored4.The film Big Here 6 is interesting, ?A .is it B.are they C .arent they D.isnt it5. According to the guide living on Mars, there is traffic air pollution .A.to ; of B.of ;without C.to; without D. of; of6.The number of the students in o

34、ur school about eight hundred . A .are B.were C.is D.be7.I think our spacecraft are slow carry large number of people to Mars at present . A.so;that B. such;that C.too;to D.enough;to8. -The advantages of the Chongqi Bridge have already been seen . - good news to us !A.What B .What a C.How D.How a 9.

35、Id rather the party a song than a dance.A .to start;with B. starting;to C .start;with D.to start ;to 10.There are teachers in our school,and . of them are women teachers .A.two hundreds; three-fouth B.two hundred; three-fouths C.two hundred; third-fouths D.two hundreds; three-fouths11.Why not your b

36、rother a message for us ? A.have;take B.to have;to take C.have;to take D.tohave;take 12.-What do you think of the film Titantic 3D? . - Its fantastic.The only pity is that I the beginning of it.A.was missing B. miss C .will miss D.missed13. Can you tell me in the future ?A how life will be like B. h

37、ow will life be like C what life will be like D .what will life be like 14._with cars,bicycles have many advantages.A.Compare with B.Compared with C.Compare for D.To compare for 【答案】CBDDC CCACB ADCB二、完成句子1 將来你可以买一辆车，它可以漂浮在空中。You can buy a car in the air .2 今天你可以用62元人民币换大约10美元。You can about$10 62yuan

38、 today.3如果你帮助了别人，就可以获得一些电子货币，并把它们存在社区的电脑里。If you help others，you can get some money and it in the community computers.3. 火星重力只有地球重力的八分之三。The _on Mars is only about _of that on Earth.【答案】1.which can float; in the future 2.get;with 3.electric;store 4.gravity; three eighths 三、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1. The Nati

39、onal Day we were looking forward to _(come) at last.2. The clean water _(provide) for the people in the disaster areas as soon as it arrives.3. The project they had worked on for a long time_(prove) to be a big success.4. The sunlight we are all used to _(include) seven different colours.5. Do you k

40、now who the teachers had _(represent) our school to attend the meeting?6. The life that we are used to _ (change) greatly since the 1990s.7. Mother promises to buy him a new computer _（connect）to the Internet if he successfully takes on the new challenge.8. The science fiction books John looks forwa

41、rd to _(sell) well on the market.9. I tried many ways I could think of _ (stop) the little boy from crying.【答案】1. came 2. provided 3. proved 4. includes 5. represent 6. has changed 7. connected 8. sell 9. to stop四、单词拼写1Look! Some fish are dead. The water in the river must be_（被污染的）2The bus is old an

42、d dirty. It makes my journey_（不舒服的）3When speaking to a_（陌生人），youd better be careful.4. We have to explore the_（可能性）of working with them.5.1 will not pay the_（增加）in my bills unless you make all this clear.6. She changed her clothes_（迅速地）and went outside.7. The train stopped suddenly and all the_（乘客）w

43、ere worried.8The cookies are so_（味道好的）that I can hardly stop eating.9. Have you ever thought of moving to another_（行星）【答案】1. polluted 2. uncomfortable 3. stranger 4. possibility 5. increase6. rapidly 7. passengers 8. tasty 9. planet五、完形填空Every summer, a great many students travel to other countries,

44、 looking for work and adventure. Most of the 16 are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. The pay is usually poor, but most students work abroad for the excitement of travel. You can pick grapes in France, look after kids in American summer camps, and, of course, there are

45、 17 jobs in hotels and restaurants.But it is not easy to find work. “ 18 you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few openings,” says Anthea Eills, an adviser on vacation work for the students. “If you work with a family in Italy, youll have to speak Italian. When you wash dish

46、es in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will expect you to speak 19 . British students only have a language advantage for jobs in the USA and Australia.”Noteveryoneenjoysthe 20 .SarahJamesandherfriendwereemployed(雇佣)tohelpfortyAmericanchildreninEurope.Thetwoyoungteacherswiththechildrenhadneverbeen 21

47、 . One child lost his passport; another became seriously ill during the journey and was sent home; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the noise they made; and Sarah herself 22 on her only free evening of the entire trip. “We did have the 23 chance in our life to go abroad and vis

48、it a lot of new places,” she says, “but it wasnt worth it. The pay was 24 and it really was a 24-hour-a-day job. The kids never slept!”“The trouble is, students 25 to have an easy time at it,” Anthea Ellis points out. “In fact, they have to work hard, with few employment rights. As soon as the holid

49、ay season finishes, theyll lose the jobs.”16Awork Bluck Cchances Dchanges17Aalways Bhardly Cnever Dseldom18AIf BUnless CBecause DAlthough19AItalian BEnglish CFrench DJapanese20Atravel Btrip Cjourney Dexperience 21Aalone Babroad Cawake Danywhere22Arobbed Brobs Crob Dwas robbed23Afirst Bfinal Cbest Do

50、nly24Agood Bhigh Cpoor Da lot25Aexplore Bexpect Coffer DAdvise【答案】CABCD BDACB六、阅读理解 The weather is getting hotter and youll be getting thirstier playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful with what you pour down your throat. Something that looks

51、 cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of so-called energy drinks on the market. Most of them have an attractive colour and a cool name. Their nutrition (营养) list also has various things from vitamins to ginseng (人参). Sounds great! But after a careful check you may find that most en

52、ergy drinks have high levels of caffeine (咖啡因). These drinks are aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine raises your heartbeat (心跳). Because of

53、this, the International Olympic Committee has limited (限制) its use. The amount of caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as high as in a cup of strong coffee or strong tea. There are potential (潜在的) health dangers connected with energy drinks. Just one can of energy drink can make you nervous, h

54、ave difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart attacks. Teenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them, an expert from the Australia Nutrition Foundation said.( ) 6.The teenagers like drinking energy drinks because of the following EXCEPT that_. A. they have an a

55、ttractive colour and a cool name B. they have high levels of caffeine C. they can keep them awake and better at sports D. they are said to have various nutrition( ) 7. The teenagers should not drink too many energy drinks. Which of the following should be the best reason for it? A. The drinks can ca

56、use heart attacks. B. The drinks make them nervous. C. The drinks make them have difficulty in sleeping. D. The drinks have potential health dangers.( ) 8. The underlined word discouraged in the last paragraph can be replaced(替换) by_. A. dropped B. stopped C. helped D. asked( ) 9. From the passage w

57、e can infer (推断) that_. A. advertisements play an important part in getting people to buy the goods B. the amount of caffeine in most energy drinks is lower than that in a cup of strong coffee C. Australian teenagers drink more energy drinks than those in other countries D. the energy drinks are aimed at young people( )10. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A Whats the Use of Energy Drinks? B. Who can Drink Energy Drinks?C. Whats That in Energy Drinks? D. Why Cant We Buy Energy Drinks? 【答案】BDBAC