中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训18-备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题 体裁分类训练（中考真题 各地模拟题）.docx

1、备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(中考真题+各地模拟题)中考阅读理解热点话题考前冲刺集训18（2022广东深圳市高级中学二模）Three Chinese astronauts from the Shenzhou-13 manned spaceship returned to the Earth after completing their six-month mission. One of their major goals was to prepare the station for future groups of taikonauts（中国航天员）who will co

2、mplete theassemblyof the space station.Thanks to a new quick return procedure carried out for the first time, Shenzhou-13s return trip lasted about nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip for Shenzhou-12, with the return capsule only circling the Earth five times before entering its final return orb

3、it instead of 11 times as in past missions.The Shenzhou-13 crew was responsible for taking out some of the science instruments to be used for experiments on the station. They also performed two spacewalks, conducted more than 20 different science experiments in addition to delivering two live educat

4、ional lectures.Taikonaut Wang Yaping, who gave the first public class from the Tiangong-1 space station, gave two such classes on this trip to Tiangong-2, which were viewed by millions of school children in China.In addition, the taikonauts were sent questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S. states by Am

5、erican school children. The pre-recorded questions and responses were shared with students, parents and teachers at a “My Questions to Taikonauts” event on April 9 sponsored by the Chinese Embassy in Washington, DCThis was the first six-month mission, which will give those on the ground the opportun

6、ity to study the effects of the longer duration mission on the taikonauts, especially on the ageing process. The six-month stay will be common for astronauts in the future.Visiting the Wenchang Space Launch Center on April 15, Chinese President Xi Jinping said that the facility serves Chinas new-gen

7、eration, heavy-lift carrier（运载）rockets and plays a significant role in the countrys deep-space exploration. The Chinese President called for efforts to achieve “world-leading standards” for Chinas spacecraft launch facilities.1What does the underlined word “assembly” probably mean?ABuilding.BDiscove

8、ry.CInvention.DImagination.2What is the improvement of Shenzhou-13s return trip before entering its final return orbit?AIt lasted about nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven timesBIt lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth eleven times.CIt lasted about

9、 nine hours with the return capsule circling the Earth five times.DIt lasted about 24 hours with the return capsule circling the Earth five times.3Shenzhou-13 astronauts did the following except _.Adelivered two live educational lecturesBstudied the effects of ageing processCanswered questions from

10、American childrenDconducted many different science experiments4What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Taiyuan Space Launch Center.BChinas spacecraft launch facilities have become “world-leading standard”.CThe six-month stay will be common for astronauts i

11、n the future.DThe facility is important for the countrys deep-space exploration.5Which of the following is the best title for this passage?AThe Online Lectures in Shenzhou-13BThe Return of Shenzhou-13 to the EarthCThe Lives of Shenzhou-13 Astronauts in SpaceDThe World-leading Spacecraft: Shenzhou-13

12、（2022贵州黔东南一模）Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16th, 2021. The 41-year-old Wang became the first Chinese female astronaut to enter Tiangong space station.Wangs space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Y

13、ang Liwei into space. At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was a strong candidate（候选人）to become an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment wont change because y

14、ou are a woman,” she toldXinhua.The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning（旋转的）machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “Theres a red button,” said Wang. “If you cant stand it, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is

15、no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally made her dream come true in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission（任务）.Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Womens hearts are also easie

16、r to adapt to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.”Wang Yaping went a long way before becoming the first woman to enter the Tiangong space station. She sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.6Wang Yaping has joined the team for the Shen

17、zhou mission _.AonceBtwiceCthree timesDfour times7In 2003, Wang Yaping was a(an) _.AteacherBdoctorCdriverDpilot8Wangs words mean _ in Paragraph 2.Athe space environment is easy to changeBonly men can go to space station in the worldCboth male and female astronauts can go to spaceDmen and women will

18、face the same difficulties in space9Why would Wang become blind for a while when training?ABecause she couldnt see anything.BBecause her brain was short of blood.CBecause there was something wrong with her ears.DBecause she is a woman, she couldnt stand the training.10Which of the following is TRUE?

19、AWang is the first female astronaut in the world.BWang dreamed of being an astronaut in 2003.CIt was a short time before Wang made her dream come true.DWang pressed the red button when she became blind after the high-G training.（2022江苏南京一模）Liu Ming is a student, who is 1.4 metres tall. This summer,

20、he and his mother are going to travel by high-speed train. Here is some information they have got.TrainDeparture(出发地)ArrivalPriceG1379Nanjng07:29Kunming20:16 1476.5G7665Nanjing08:18Hangzhou09:41 198G7375Nanjing10:58Hangzhou13:37 345G10Nanjing11:01Beijing14:26 832Attention:1. Children below 1.2 metre

21、s: free2. Children between 1.21.5 metres: half price.11Which train will Liu Ming take if he wants to go to Kunming?AG1379.BG7665.CG7375.DG10.12When will Liu Ming arrive in Hangzhou if he takes G7665?AAt 08:18.BAt 10:58.CAt 09:41.DAt 13:37.13If Liu Ming and his mother go to Beijing by G10, they will

22、have to pay at least _.A832B1248C1320D1664（2022江苏南通一模）The ability of reading and writing doesnt come naturally to people, it takes a lot of effort, and most of us have learned how. Eighty-six percent of the worlds population is literate（受过教育的）, and this number has been increasing for centuries. Lite

23、racy makes it possible to make a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more.But the world of information is changing. Why send a long letter or text when you can share photos or videos instead? Why learn from a book when you can practice a skill in virtual reality（虚拟现实）?

24、Why read magazines when you can listen to podcasts（播客）?Could people take part in todays world without reading or writing at all? Technology seems to make it possible. Nowadays most of our smart devices（设备） are able to talk and take spoken orders, like reporting the weather, playing a song or setting

25、 a timer. The devices sometimes still make silly mistakes, but its getting better and better. Its possible to imagine a future world where we can easily communicate with our devices.But reading and writing are still powerful tools. For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or aud

26、iobook teller speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can read through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. Thats twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading as compared to listening.Learnin

27、g to read also creates new connections in the brain. With the invention of reading, humans rearranged the very organization of our brain, which improves the way to think and changes the intellectual evolution（进化） of our humans.What do you think? Do you hope people keep on reading and writing or will

28、 technology make literacy obsolete?14From the passage, we know that _ .Afewer people communicate with our devicesBreading helps people invent more thingsCmost devices can answer peoples spoken ordersDlistening helps people remember more information15The fifth paragraph mainly talks about _ .Asome ad

29、vice on how to learn to readBthe advantages of reading over speakingCa research about reading and the human brainDthe good effects that reading has on our brains16The underlined word “obsolete” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “ _ ”.AusefulBimpossibleCout of dateDout of reach17The writer prob

30、ably agrees that _ .Apeople are able to use the smart devicesBpeople like magazines better than podcastsCthe invention of smart devices can rearrange our brainDreading and writing help human beings to develop（2022江苏南通一模）It is said that about 40% of the worlds population use social media, and most in

31、fluencers help social media users decide what to buy and what trends (潮流) to follow.Influencers are people who can influence the decisions of their followers because of their knowledge and expertise (专长) in a particular area, e.g. fashion, travel or technology.Influencers often have a large followin

32、g of people who pay close attention to their views. Influencers are now seen by many companies as a direct way to customers hearts. Brands are now asking influencers to market their products. It is no surprise that more and more people want to become influencers too. If you are one of them, then her

33、e are some tips on how to do it.Choose your field. What is the area that you know most about? What do you feel most excited talking about? Find the specific area that youre most interested in and develop it.Post regularly. Many influencers post daily on their social media accounts (账户). The more you

34、 post, the more likely people will follow you. Also, ensure that your posts possibly follow a theme.Tell an interesting story. Whether it is a photo or a comment that you are posting, use it to tell a story that will catch the attention of your followers and help them connect with you.Make sure peop

35、le can easily find your posts. Put your posts on social media by using catchy titles and make sure that they can be easily found. There is no point in writing the most exciting stories or posting the most beautiful photos if no one is going to see them.Most importantly, if you want to become a socia

36、l media influencer, you need to have patience. Keep posting and your following will gradually increase. Good luck!18A social media influencer is someone who _.Ais an expert in a particular areaBis a decider of his followersCpays attention to their followers viewsDpays their followers to buy products

37、19Companies want to use influencers to help _.Adevelop new productsBdesign their websitesCsell products to their followersDget on well with their followers20You can make sure that people find your posts by _.Aputting the longest postsBusing funny and attractive titlesCwriting the most exciting stori

38、esDposting the most beautiful photos21The passage is mainly about _.Ahow to get on well with influencersBhow to use influencers in marketingCsome tips on making money as an influencerDwhat an influencer is and how we become one（2022江苏常州市北郊初级中学一模）Little WomenChapter 1 Four sisters“Christmas wont be C

39、hristmas without any presents,” grumbled（嘀咕）Jo, lying on the rug（地毯）.“Its so awful to be poor,” agreed Meg, looking down at her old dress.“Its not right for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and others to have nothing at all.” added little Amy, with a sad sniff（轻哼）.“Weve got father and mot

40、her, and each other,” said Beth gently.The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly, “We havent got father, and shall not have him for a long time.” She didnt say “perhaps never,” but each silently added it, thinking of fathe

41、r far away at the war in the South.Nobody spoke for a minute. Then Meg said,“Mother advised not having any presents this Christmas because it is going to be a hard winter for everyone; and she thinks we shouldnt spend money for pleasure when our men are suffering（受难）in the army. We cant do much, but

42、 we can make our little effort. But I am afraid I dont.” Meg shook her head thinking regretfully of all the pretty things she wanted.“But I dont think the little we should spend would do any good,” said Jo. “Weve each got a dollar, and that wont help the army much. I agree not to expect anything fro

43、m mother or you. Lets each buy ourselves what we want, and have a little fun. We work hard to earn it.”“I do, teaching those tiresome children nearly all day when I really want to enjoy myself at home,” complained Meg.“You dont have half such a hard time as I do,” said Jo. “How would you like to be

44、shut up for hours with a nervous, fussy old lady, who is never happy, and worries you till youre ready to fly out of the window or cry?”“Its naughty to fret; but I do think washing dishes and keeping things tidy is the worst work in the world. It makes me cross; and my hands get too stiff to practic

45、e my music at all,” Beth looked at her rough hands with a sigh that anyone could hear.“I dont believe any of you suffer as I do,” cried Amy, “for you dont have to go to school with rude girls who laugh at your lessons or your dresses and say bad words because your father isnt rich.”22According to th

46、e passage, which of the following is TRUE?ATheir father died when he was fighting with others.BThe passage is a story about three girls and a boy in a family.CTheir father is away at the war, leaving them at home with their mother.DThe four children in the passage all work and make their own money.2

47、3What do they think of their mothers suggestion of not having any Christmas gifts?AThey all agreed to the suggestion of not having any Christmas gifts.BThey all agreed to save the money and buy a gift for each other.CThey all agreed that giving the money to the army was of much help.DThey all agreed

48、 that giving the money to the army was of little help.24By saying “It makes me cross”, Beth means she is rather _.AhappyBangryCsurprisedDinterested25What was their life like?ARich and wonderful.BExciting and interesting.CPoor and hard.DSimple but comfortable.（2022江苏常州市北郊初级中学一模）After Emily Dickinson

49、died of disease on May 15th 1886, her poetic achievement was accepted by readers. Some of her works appeared in 1890, but it was not until Thomas H. Johnson published all her poetry in 1995 that made her works famous. He published 1,775 of her poems in 1955 in a collection named The Poems of Emily D

50、ickinson.Emily was born in America in 1830. Her family was well known in the community for their contribution to politics and education. Emily lived most of her life with her grandfather who was famous for having founded Amberst Academy in 1814 and later Amherst College in 1821.Emily led a reclusive

51、 (隐居的) life, but her childhood was a happy one. She had the special right of being educated at some of the most outstanding women schools in her time and devoted herself to reading all kinds of books.It was during her college years that Emily started writing. Some of her poems were published with th

52、e help of her friends. However, when she tried having her poems published for the first time, she failed and her poems were refused by a magazine. This led Emily to believe that the public would never care for her works, and then she never tried to have any of her works published again. After the Ci

53、vil War, Emily left from society and had little contact outside of Amherst.Without doubt, Emily works have greatly influenced and continue to influence modem society. None of her works rhymed, and she used unusual comparisons (对比) when referring to events and situations.This nontraditional method of

54、 writing has made her one of the most creative poets of the 19th century.26What did Emily do during her childhood?AShe studied in good schools.BShe passed her poems to magazines.CShe spent much time on politics and education.DShe practiced writing with the help of her friends.27What do we know about

55、 Emily poems?AThey are easy for readers to understand.BThey let modern naturalists to study more.CThey make much difference to modern society.DThey rhyme well and include many comparisons.28In what order did these events take place in Emily Dickinson life?a.Her grandfather founded the Amherst Academ

56、y.b.She left from society.c.She devoted herself to reading all kinds of books.d.Her poems were refused by the Atlantic magazine.e.Her 1,775 poems were published.Ac-a-b-d-eBa-c-d-b-eCa-c-d-e-bDb-a-c-c-d参考答案：1A2C3B4D5B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了神舟13号宇宙飞船顺利返回地球，介绍了这次它的任务以及所取得的成就。1词义猜测题。根据“One of their major goals

57、was to prepare the station for future groups of taikonauts（中国航天员）who will complete the assembly of the space station”可知，其中一个主要任务是为未来几组航天员完成空间站的组装建造做好准备，所以assembly与building同义，故选A。2细节理解题。根据“Shenzhou-13s return trip lasted about nine hours rather than the 24-hour trip for Shenzhou-12, with the return c

58、apsule only circling the Earth five times before entering its final return orbit instead of 11 times as in past missions”可知，这次的神舟13号返回舱绕地球5圈，历时约9个小时，故选C。3细节理解题。根据“conducted more than 20 different science experiments in addition to delivering two live educational lectures”以及“the taikonauts were sent

59、questions from 20 schools in 13 U.S. states by American school children”可知，神舟13号并没有研究老化过程的影响，故选B。4推理判断题。根据“the facility serves Chinas new-generation, heavy-lift carrier（运载）rockets and plays a significant role in the countrys deep-space exploration”可知，该设施对中国的深空探测很重要，故选D。5最佳标题。本文围绕“神舟13号顺利返回地球”为线索，介绍了

60、它的意义，所以B选项“神舟十三号返回地球”符合本文标题，故选B。6B7D8D9B10B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员王亚平背后的艰辛，她给所有的女性都树立了榜样。6细节理解题。根据“She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission”以及“Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII”可知她参加了神舟十号和神舟十三号任务。故选B。7细节理解题。根据“At that time, Wang was a p

61、ilot in the Chinese army”可知2003年时她是一个飞行员。故选D。8推理判断题。根据“The space environment wont change because you are a woman”可知太空环境不会因为是女性而改变，从中可知，男性和女性在太空中面临同样的困难。故选D。9细节理解题。根据“Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood”可知会因为大脑缺血而暂时失明。故选B。10细节理解题。根据“Wangs space dream started in 20

62、03”可知王亚平从2003年开始梦想成为一名宇航员。故选B。11A12C13B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍有关高铁的一些信息和注意事项。11细节理解题。根据“G1379 Nanjng 07:29 Kunming 20:16”可知，想去昆明，可以坐G1379，故选A。12细节理解题。根据“G7665 Nanjing 08:18 Hangzhou 09:41”可知，如果刘明乘坐G7665去杭州，到达的时间是09:41，故选C。13推理判断题。根据“Liu Ming is a student, who is 1.4 metres tall.”，“G10. 832”和“Children be

63、tween 1.21.5 metres: half price.”可知，乘坐G10成人票价832元，刘明身高1.4米，需付半价416元，832+416=1248元。故选B。14C15D16C17D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了尽管科技的发展可以帮我们解决很多语言上的问题，但是读写对人类大脑的开发还是有积极作用的。14细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nowadays most of our smart devices（设备） are able to talk and take spoken orders, like reporting the weather, playing a so

64、ng or setting a timer.”可知现在我们的大部分智能设备可以通过语音聊天去识别并执行我们的语音指令，比如报道天气状况、播放歌曲和设定闹钟等，说明大部分设备能回应人们的语音指令。故选C。15主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain.”可知这一段主要说明了学习阅读也会在大脑中建立新的连接，说明阅读对我们的大脑有好的影响。故选D。16词句猜测题。根据文章最后一句“Do you hope people keep on reading and writing or will tec

65、hnology make literacy obsolete?”可知有两种结果，一种是人们继续阅读和写作，另一种则是它的反面，也就是人们因为科技不再读写，说明读写落伍了、过时了。由此可知obsolete在此表示“过时的”out of date。故选C。17观点态度题。根据第五段第二句“With the invention of reading, humans rearranged the very organization of our brain, which improves the way to think and changes the intellectual evolution（进

66、化） of our humans.”可知随着阅读的发明，人类重组了大脑的组织结构，改善了思维方式，改变了人类的智力进化。由此可知，作者认为读写有助于大脑的开发。故选D。18A19C20B21D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了网红以及就如何成为一名网红提出了一些建议。18细节理解题。根据“Influencers are people who can influence the decisions of their followers because of their knowledge and expertise (专长) in a particular area, e.g. fashion, t

67、ravel or technology.”可知，网红是某一个特定领域有专长的人。故选A。19推理判断题。根据“Influencers are now seen by many companies as a direct way to customers hearts.”可知，网红被许多公司视为赢得顾客芳心的直接途径，由此可推知公司想利用网红向其粉丝推销产品。故选C。20细节理解题。根据“Put your posts on social media by using catchy titles and make sure that they can be easily found.”可知，使用有

68、趣且有吸引力的标题可以让人们找到你的帖子。故选B。21主旨大意题。根据“It is no surprise that more and more people want to become influencers too. If you are one of them, then here are some tips on how to do it.”可知，本文主要介绍了网红以及就如何成为一名网红提出了一些建议。故选D。22C23D24B25C【解析】【导语】本文是节选自小妇人。主要讲述四个姐妹在讨论圣诞节，因为处在战争期间，她们的家庭比较贫穷，所以她们很伤心，没有圣诞礼物。但是她们仍坚持自己

69、的梦想，最后决定用一美元去买自己想要的东西。22细节理解题。根据“She didnt say “perhaps never,” but each silently added it, thinking of father far away at the war in the South.”可知，四姐妹的父亲在南方打仗，她们和妈妈在家。故选C。23细节理解题。根据“But I dont think the little we should spend would do any good”可知，乔认为，她们将花掉的那一点点钱对战争没有帮助，后面几段四姐妹都对她的看法表示了赞同，也就是说她们都认为把

70、钱给军队没用。故选D。24词义猜测题。根据这句话的前一句“but I do think washing dishes and keeping things tidy is the worst work in the world”可知，贝丝认为洗碗和保持整洁是世界上最糟糕的工作，她对这份工作很不满；所以划线句应该表达这份工作让她感到不愉快的意思。故选B。25推理判断题。根据“Its so awful to be poorMother advised not having any presents this Christmas because it is going to be a hard wi

71、nter for everyone”可推断，她们的生活过得又贫穷又艰难，故选C。26A27C28B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍艾米莉狄金森的生平及其作品。她的非传统的写作方法使她成为19世纪最有创造力的诗人之一，而且她的作品已经并将继续影响现代社会。26细节理解题。根据第三段中“but her childhood was a happy one. She had the special right of being educated at some of the most outstanding women schools in her time”可知，艾米莉童年时在当时一些最优秀的女子学校接

72、受教育。故选A。27细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Without doubt, Emily works have greatly influenced and continue to influence modern society”可知，艾米莉的诗对现代社会有很大的影响。故选C。28推理判断题。根据第二段中“Emily lived most of her life with her grandfather who was famous for having founded Amherst Academy in 1814”可知，1814年她的爷爷创立了阿默斯特学院，时间是最前的；根据第三段中“h

73、er childhood was a happy one devoted herself to reading all kinds of books.”可知，她童年致力于读书；根据第四段中“It was during her college years that Emily started writing her poems were refused by a magazine”可知，大学期间，她的诗被杂志社拒绝出版；根据第四段中“After the Civil War, Emily left from society and had little contact outside of Amherst”可知，她离开社会；根据第一段中“He published 1,775 of her poems in 1955”可知，1955年出版了1775首诗。故选B。