内蒙古鄂尔多斯 乌审旗高三英语 二轮复习学案 代词和介词无答案.docx

1、高三英语 二轮复习学案 代词和介词第一课时 代词一、代词的分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格I youhe, she, itweyouthey宾格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis, her, itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis, hers, itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this, that, such, so, the s

2、ame， itthese, those疑问代词what, which, who, whom, whose关系代词that, which, who, whose, as连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever不定代词all, both, either, other, another, one, each, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, some, any, none, no one复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anyt

3、hing, nothing, everything, everyone, nobody相互代词宾格each other, one another所有格each others, one anothers二、考点总结考点一 考查one(s), that, those, it的用法 one泛指一个人或物?其复数形式为ones。 one和the one作同位语时,如果与其同位的词语是特指,则用the one;如果是泛指,则用one。 that指代前面提到过的名词,常有后置定语。that的复数形式是those。 that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词,或指代前面提到过的一

4、件事。(1) it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,;指代一件事,;指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人,也可指代时间、天气、距离等。 (2) it做形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。e.g. It is a pity that you didnt read the book. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is uncertain who will come. （3）it 用作形式宾语 当不

5、定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. I dont feel it difficult to understand the Special English. He makes it a rule never to borrow money. I think it no need talking about it with them.

6、 I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.考点二 考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法 both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的任何一个”; neither表示“两者都不” all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how m

7、any/much的提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”,考点三 考查another, the other, others, the others的用法 another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个, another还可以作形容词,表示“另一个的” the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个 others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物” the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”,如果被指代的名词是不可数名词,则用the rest替代,考点四 考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法 few和little可用作代

8、词和形容词， few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数， few有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词，little有否定含义, a little含肯定含义。 some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some也可用于疑问句; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”。考点五 考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, eve

9、rybody的用法及它们与else的搭配 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致 nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定。 无论在肯定句?否定句还是疑问句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”。 不定代词后跟else时,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后?以上不定代词连写时,不和of连用,every one可和of连用。三、及时巩固1(浙江高考)Are you sure youre ready for the test?N

10、o problem. Im well prepared _ it.2(浙江高考)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._ short，hes reliable.3(浙江高考)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.4(天津高考) Im thinking of going back to school

11、 to get another degree. Sounds great！Go _ it.5( 天津高考)The dictionary is out_ date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.6(北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due _ heavy snow.7(北京高考)Nomes town officials came

12、up _ a(n) plan. They would have the medicine sent by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.8(陕西高考)The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.9(四川高考)Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because _the calcium content，which helps peo

13、ple to relax.10(江苏高考)The whole team count _ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.11(江苏高考)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _ Thomas Edison.12(浙江高考)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea?13(浙江高考)We tend to have a better m

14、emory for things that excite our senses or appeal _ our emotions than for straight facts.14(浙江高考)These comments came in response _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.15(湖北高考)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fi

15、ned.16(重庆高考)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.17(福建高考)A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school uniform.18(福建高考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live _ harmony with nat

16、ure.第二课时 介词及介词短语（一）重点知识梳理一、表示时间的介词1in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如： in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in ones thirties，in the morning等。(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也

17、泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过”或“在期间”。如：This group has been growing faster than any of the religious groups in America over the past twenty years. (5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：He went to Japan last year. We meet

18、every day.2in，after(1)“in一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。 如：My mother will come back in three or four days.(2)“after一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。 如 He arrived after five months.(3)“after具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.3from，since，for(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：I hope to do mo

19、rning exercises from today.(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：We have not seen each other since 2019.(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：I have been in the army for 5 years.二、表示地点方位的介词1at，in，on，to(1)at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁边”。如： He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在范围之内”。如：

20、He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如： Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：Japan is to the east of China.2above，over，on(1)above意为“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如： The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。ove

21、r强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.三、表示运动方向的介词1across，over，through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：across the playground/square/desert/river(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：He jumped over the wall.(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经

22、历了”。如：through the pipe/forest/door We work hard all through the year.2in，into(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在里面”。如：We walked in the park.我们在公园里走着。(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到里面”。如：We walked into the park.我们走进了公园。四、表示原因的介词1for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：I am sorry for what I said to you.2at表示引起某种情感变

23、化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：He was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：He died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：The old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：She took your umbrella by mist

24、ake.7over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory.8because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如： He retired last month because of his illness.9thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏，多亏”。如：Thanks to John, we won the game.五、表示计量的介词1at表示“以速度；以价格”。如：It flies at

25、about 900 kilometers an hour. I sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交换；以为代价”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。3by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：They paid him by the month. 注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。六、表示工具或手段的介词1by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：I went there by bus.2with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：He broke the window

26、with a stone.3in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：I hate letters written in pencil. We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV.七、表示“在之间”的介词1between表示在两者之间。如：You are to sit between your father

27、and me.2among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：He is always happy among his classmates.3有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.八、表示“除了”的介词1besides表示“除之外，还有”。如：We all went to see the

28、film besides you.2except表示“除外，把除去”。如：We all went to see the film except you.3but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。 如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如无就，只是”，多表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mista

29、kes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.6Apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：Apart from/Besides English，he has a good command of Russian and French.He has no interests，apart from/except his work.Its a good paper，apart

30、from/except for a few spelling mistakes.九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配1名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的；result from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：如be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：如apart from除

31、之外；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等。（二）及时巩固单句语法填空1. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great su

32、ccess and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using _ every day.2. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother. (全国卷I)3. By that time, the panda no longer needed _(it)mother for food. (四川)4A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kon

33、g, with (it) choking smog.()5Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. (广东)6Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its_ (I)”（2019I)7Last year, my brother

34、 and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination. (2019广东)8The river was so polluted that actually caught fire and burned. 9To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the . (陕西)单句短文改错1.

35、This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 2019全国卷2. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 全国I3. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowl

36、edge we cannot get from books. II4. At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 全国卷5. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.2019 四川6. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. (浙江） 7. I often watched them carefully

37、 so as to learn his techniques. (2019太原） 8. We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. (2019 陕西） 9. Ive always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English-speaking countries like your to practise and improve my English. (2019太原） 10. He had a deep voice, which set himself apa

38、rt from others in our small town, and he was strong and powerful. (2019 全国I） 11. First of all, you should respect you or no one would respect you. （洛阳） 12. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (陕西) 13. Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. ( 四川 ) 14. Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.” (2019浙江) 15. Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off . If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. 课后反思：