中考专项 复习动词不定式（无答案）.docx

1、中考专项 动词不定式一、学习目标1.掌握不定式的概念和基本用法 2.掌握不定式在句中的作用 3.掌握不定式的重要句型二、知识讲解（1）动词不定式的基本概念 动词不定式的基本形式是 to + 动词原形，有时可不带to。 （2）动词不定式的基本用法 1. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 2. 动词不定式在句子中可以担任除了谓语之外的任何成分。观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. To grow more trees here is very important.2. To think carefully before you act is necessary.3. To walk to school

2、 takes me twenty minutes. 所作成分： 句型转化：1. To grow more trees here is very important.=Its very important to grow more trees here.2. To think carefully before you act is necessary.=Its necessary to think carefully before you act.3. To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.=Its twenty minutes to walk to

3、 school.注意：Its to do 句型： It 作形式主语， 真正的主语是不定式。观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. His wish is to become a scientist.2. Our duty is to protect the environment.3. The first important thing is to save their lives. 所作成分： 注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时， 不能用It is to do的句型。例如：To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. She wa

4、nted to get home earlier that day.2. They refused to do so.3. I hope to visit my grandparents soon. 所作成分： 注意：不定式用在及物动词后，担当宾语。常见的及物动词有：观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. I asked him to help us.2. The soldiers forced us to open the door.3. They encouraged him to work hard. 所作成分： 观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. He got up early to ca

5、tch the train.2. He came to give us a talk yesterday.3. I went to a park to breathe the fresh air. 所作成分： 注意：针对”why?”（为什么呢？）的疑问句作答时 一般来讲，用because（因为）回答，表明其理由、原因。但当回答表示目的“为了”时，可用不定式代替作简略回答。 例句A: Why did you go to the library?B: To study English.A: Why does Mary get up early every morning?B: To catch t

6、he first bus to school. 观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. I am glad to be here.2. I am sorry to trouble you.3. We were surprised to find him there. 所作成分： 注意：不定式放在glad，happy，sorry之类的表达感情、情绪的形容词后面来修饰该形容词，表示“因为而”的意思。 如： Be glad + to do sth. 很高兴 Be happy + to do sth. 很高兴 Be sad + to do sth. 很悲伤 Be sorry + to do sth.很抱歉

7、、遗憾 Be stupid + to do sth. 很愚蠢另外，有些由过去分词转化为形容词的句型也经常使用： Be interested + to do sth. 很感兴趣 Be satisfied + to do sth. 很满意 Be surprised + to do sth. 很惊讶 Be worried + to do sth. 很担心观察句子，写出不定式所做的成分1. Mr. Wang is a man to believe in.2. The boy found no one to play with.3. I have an important meeting to atte

8、nd. 所作成分： 注意：不定式有时起形容词作用，修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。 例句： I have some books to give you.如果不定式是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式后面就应带必要的介词。例句: They have a lot of things to talk about.There is nothing to worry about.He is looking for a room to live in.不定式修饰something, anything, nothing

9、时，放在它们的后面。如果something, anything, nothing用形容词来修饰，那么词序应该是： somethinganything + 形容词 + 不定式 + nothing例句：Please give me something hot to drink.I need something nice to wear to the party next weekend.（3）不定式的重要句型 1.不定式的否定式和有关ask的句型 不定式否定式句型是“not+不定式”，经常用在ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth中。 例句：The teacher told us

10、not to stop writing.He asked me not to open the window. (He didnt ask me to open the window.)2. “疑问词 + 不定式”的用法 不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where连用，构成不定式短语，在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。 例句：I know how to cook.I dont know what to buy for you.What to do is a big problem.He taught me how to read it.The

11、 question is how to get there.（3）不定式中省去to的情况 A:当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时， 第一个不定式带to， 后面的不定式往往省略to。 例句：He told me to finish my homework and (to) hand it in.但是，如果是在对照的场合，就不能省去to。 例句：It is better to laugh than to cry.B: 在感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to ,feel 和使役动词make, have, let等所接的宾语中，不定式作宾语补足语，不定式应

12、省去to。但是在被动语态中，to则不能省去。 例句： I saw him dance. The boss made them work the whole night. Let me listen to you sing the song.（4）不定式中动词原形的省略 为了避免重复，口语中常可省去与前边重复的动词原形，而只留下to。 例句：If you dont want to read it, you dont need to （read it）.（5）want, wish + 不定式 want/wish to do sth.是主语想去做某事。 want/wish sb. to do sth

13、.是让宾语sb.去做某事。 例句：He wants to start at once.He wants me to start at once.I wish to go with you.I wish Miss Zhao to go with you.（6）too to 和enough to 太以至于 例句： I was too excited to sleep. He was lucky enough to find a seat. The boy was too frightened to move.简单句和复合句的转换 The box is too heavy for him to li

14、ft.The box is so heavy that he cant lift it.（7）forget, remember + 不定式 forget + to do 忘记去做（还未做）remember + to do 记得去做（还未做）forget + doing 忘记做过（已做过）remember + doing 记得做过（已做过）例句：We remembered to have a party next weekend. I forgot giving this letter to him. （8）It is/was + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do例句：It is e

15、asy for me to speak English. It is kind of you to help me.观察句子，看看句子都使用了什么样的形容词例句：It was hard for him to say goodbye. Its difficult for us to finish the work without any help. Its impossible for him to look after his little child well.for sb.的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。 easy possible necessary important例句：It i

16、s foolish of you to do that. Its nice of her to wear the red coat. It was clever of him to say goodbye at that moment.of sb.的句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词 kind honest rude nice wise例句：It is foolish of you to do that.=You are foolish to do that.Its nice of her to wear the red coat.= She is nice to wear the red

17、coat.It was clever of him to say goodbye at that moment.= He was clever to say goodbye at that moment.以上这种句型变化for sb.的句型无法做到。 三、练习环节 Fill in the blanks according to the pictures. I have learnt how_.Can you tell me which way_?It is a lot of fun_ .It is important _. He is looking for a room _. I want

18、something_.真题演练 1.(2019, 北京) Lets _ for a walk, shall we? A. to go B. going C. go D. gone2. (2019, 重庆) Mr. Li asks the students _ in the river, because its too dangerous.A. swim B. to swim C. not to swim D. to not swim3. (2019，天津)Why dont you go out to play, Rose?Im afraid I cant. I have much homework _.A. do B. does C. doing D. to do4. (2019，浙江杭州) Mom makes me eat an apple every day _ the doctor away. AkeepsB. is kept C. to keep D. kept5. (2019，北京) - Excuse me, could you tell me how _ to Beijing Zoo?- Well, you may take Bus No.27. AgetB. gets C. getting D. to get