2012高一英语课件：UNIT 1 WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT UNIT1SECTIONⅣ（新人教版必修4）.ppt

1、Section Grammar&Writing写作专题突破Unit 1语法专题突破Section 语法专题突破主谓一致讲解归纳英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾,但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。Mr.Black is a wellknown scientist on AIDS.布莱克先生是研究艾滋病的著名科学家。Those girls sitting there are all my c

2、ousins.坐在那里的那些女孩都是我的表姐妹。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.朋友们没打算和我一起购物。1由两部分构成的表物体的名词，如trousers，pants，shorts，jeans，compasses，glasses等单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。This pair of glasses fits you well.你戴这副眼镜很合适。Several pairs of new shoes have been sent

3、 to the old men.已经给这些老人寄去了好几双新鞋了。Here are some new pairs of shoes.这里有几双鞋。2如果主语由“many a,more than one名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数。Many a page in this book is missing.这本书缺了许多页。More than one student has failed the exam.不止一个学生考试不及格。3由“quantities of或amounts of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而由“a quantity of或an amount of名词”

4、作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Great quantities of water are needed in this city.这座城市需要大量的水。Large amounts of food were wasted.大量的食物被浪费掉了。二、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。1集体名词group，class，family，army，enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。但people，police和cattle作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数。My family has moved to the down

5、town.我家搬到市中心了。My family are all fond of folk music.我家人都喜欢民间音乐。The population in China is very large and 80%of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。2表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。(注：如果强调数目，谓语动词用复数。)Three months has passed since you left.你已经离开了三个月了。Ten dollars is en

6、ough for him.10美元就够他用的了。One hundred cents make a dollar.100美分就是一美元。More than fifty years have passed since they got married.他们夫妻已共同走过了50多年。3不定代词anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，something,no one,nobody，nothing，each等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything is fine.所有事情都很顺利.Nobody

7、knows what has happened.没有人知道发生了什么事。Nothing is helpful in such a difficult situation.在如此困难的情况下，什么也无济于事。4.代词none和neither有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。但是代表不可数名词时，只看作单数；neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。None of them has/have arrived yet.他们中一个人都没到呢。Neither of them knows/know the answer.他们俩都不知道答案。None of this m

8、oney is mine.这钱不是我的。Neither statement was true.两个陈述都不真实。5当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等时,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。The teacher with two students was at the meeting.那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has

9、learned to drive a car.这姑娘和男孩子们一道,学会了开车。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。6两个并列的名词有each，every，many a等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Each doctor and(each)nurse was given a new shirt.每个大夫和护士都发了一件新衬衫。No sound and no voice is heard.一点声音都没有。Many a boy and(many a)girl has ma

10、de the same mistake.许多男孩女孩都犯了同样的错误。7当and不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授作家正在会上发言。One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。8“the形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指一

11、类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。The new is sure to take place of the old.新生事物一定会代替旧事物。The old are very well taken care of in our city.老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。9由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。What he says and does do not agree.他言行不一致。What he says and does does not concern me.他的言行与我无关。三、邻近一致原则邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠

12、近谓语动词的主语部分而定。1.当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or,either.or，neither.nor或not only.but also连接时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand.要么你，要么简将被派往新西兰。Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.他和我都没有完成实验。Not only his family but(also)he likes Chaplins movies.不仅他的家人，还有他都喜欢卓别林的电影。2由there或her

13、e引导的句子，主语不止一个名词时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。Here is your schoolbag and textbooks.这是你的书包和课本。.完成句子1(2011年高考安徽卷)这家工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which_ saved for other purposes.语法专练were2(2011年高考湖南卷)

14、这个国家三分之一的国土被树覆盖，大多数的市民是黑人。Onethird of the country_covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people.isare3(2010年高考大纲全国卷)Barbara很容易被辨认出来，因为她是唯一一名穿晚礼服的妇女。Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.wears4(2010年高考陕西卷)据报道，目前在灾区许多的新房子正在建设着。It is reporte

15、d that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.is being built5(2010年高考四川卷)像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被人们广泛阅读，虽然他们的作品中有些很难读懂。Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand.areare6(2010年高考湖南卷)听摇滚音乐会中的震耳欲聋的音乐已经导致某些青少年丧失了听力。Listening to loud music at rock concerts

16、_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.has7.(2010年高考江苏卷)“大家都来了吗?”“还没有看！我们其余的客人来了。”Is everyone here?Not yet.Look，there_the rest of our guests!come8.史密斯博士以及他的妻子和女儿们,今年夏天要去北京参观。Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer.is going to9“为什么这个湖闻起来那么臭？”“因为大量的水都已经被污染了。”Why does t

17、he lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.have been polluted10你或者你的一个学生要参加明天安排的会议。Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.is.用所给词的适当形式填空1The teacher and writer_(be)my friend.2Another three years_(have)passed.ishas3In front of the house_(stand)two

18、 apple trees.4A basketball team_(have)5 members.The basketball team_(be)having baths now.standhasare5To learn one or two foreign languages_(be)very important nowadays.6This kind of apple_(taste)good.Apples of this kind_(taste)good.istastestaste7No one except his own supporters_(agree)with him.8The p

19、opulation of that country_(be)about 10 million and nearly ninety percent _(be)farmers.agreesisare9The rich_(be)for the plan，but the poor are against it.10Mr.Black together with his children_(go)to the park every Sunday.aregoes.语法填空Every policeman _given special training for the job.No two days _the

20、same.Each day _different.But the job _as exciting or glamorous as some people think.isareisisntNot all policemen _allowed to carry guns.A number of police officers here _(work)with dogs.An officer and his dog _(have)to work closely together.areworkhaveOne of our jobs _to prevent crime happening in t

21、he first place.A lot of crimes _caused by people being careless.Sorry,I have to go now.Someone _reported a robbery.isarehas写作专题突破突破话题Elizabeth HBlackburn【写作例题】请根据下面要点，写一篇介绍美国科学家伊丽莎白布莱克本的英语短文。1姓名：伊丽莎白布莱克本(Elizabeth HBlackburn)2成长经历：1948年生于澳大利亚，在墨尔本(Melbourne)大学获学士和硕士学位，1975年在英国剑桥大学获博士学位，随后前往美国耶鲁大学从事分

22、子和细胞生物学研究，现执教于旧金山加利福尼亚大学。3成就：因学术成就卓著被美国时代周刊评为2007年度全球最具影响力的100个人物之一；2009年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。参考词汇：学士学位：Bachelors Degree硕士学位：Masters Degree博士学位：Doctors Degree分子和细胞生物学：Molecular and Cellular Biology【写作要求】1.只能使用5个句子来表达全部内容。2.可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。【要点词汇】1出生于_2获得_3被命名_4获取，收到_5具有影响力的_6一位伟大的美国科学家_be born in/onearnbe nam

23、ed.influentiala great American scientistreceive【句式结构】1伊丽莎白布莱克本，1948年出生于澳大利亚，是一位美国著名的科学家。Elizabeth HBlackburn，_,is a great American scientist.who was born in Australia in 194821975年她在英国剑桥大学获博士学位。She_from the university of Cambridge in England in 1975.earned her Doctors Degree3她被美国时代周刊评为2007年度全球最具影响力的

24、100个人物之一；2009年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。In 2007，she_one of TIME Magazines 100_and she_in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.was namedmost influential peoplereceived the Nobel Prize【连句成篇】_【佳作欣赏】Elizabeth HBlackburn，who_was_born_in_Australia_in_1948，is a great American scientist.When she studied in the University of Me

25、lbourne in Australia，she earned_her_Bachelors_Degree and Masters Degree，and then earned her Doctors Degree from the University of Cambridge in England in 1975.After that，she did her work in Molecular and Cellular Biology from 1975 to 1977 at Yale University.She is now_teaching_at_theUniversity of Ca

26、lifornia，San Francisco.In 2007 she_was_named_one_of_TIME_Magazines_100_most_influential_people and she received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009.【技巧点拨】范文根据写作内容和写作要求，从三个方面对美国著名女科学家伊丽莎白布莱克本进行了介绍。尽管是介绍人物的说明文，但作者并没有单纯地罗列简单句，而是注意了句子与句子之间的内在联系，充分运用了较复杂句式和较高级词汇，提高了文章的档次。较复杂句式的运用是这篇短文的一大亮点。

27、文章用词准确，语法结构正确，不失为一篇优秀的介绍人物的说明文。课时训练Dr.Jane Goodall is a famous English specialist in studying wild animals，especially in chimps.She is a modest，outspoken and consideratewoman.词语串串练词语串串练When in her childhood，she came_across a book Tarzan andDr.Doolittle by_chance.Greatly inspired by it.Jane intended

28、to study animals one day.The opportunity came when Goodall was 26 years old.At that time，women were looked_down_on and only her mother supported her decision.Her mother and Jane thought it was a worthwhilecause.Even if someone laughed at her，she didnt argue and carried_on with it.In the 1960s，Jane m

29、oved_off to Africa to study chimps，where she led_a hard and busy life.She spent over 25 years observingand recording their daily activities and fully understood chimp behaviour.Her research showed the close connections between chimps and human beings.Later，she set up several organizations and launch

30、ed a campaign to protect animals.In recent years，Jane has delivered_speechesall over the world to call on younger generations to take part in her project“Shoot and Root”She said we should respectanimals rather than use them for entertainment or kill them.Jane Goodall was awarded many prizes for her

31、great achievements.If you want to know more about Jane Goodall，you can refer_to the Internet.简古道尔是英国一位著名的研究野生动物的专家，尤其在研究黑猩猩方面。她是一位谦虚、坦诚和考虑周到的女性。在她的儿童时代，她偶然看到了一本名叫泰山和杜拉德博士的书。受它的极大激励,简打算有一天能研究动物。这个机会在她26岁时来临了。在那个时候，女性被看不起，只有她的妈妈支持她的决定。妈妈和简都认为这是一项值得做的事业。即使有人嘲笑她,她也不争辩，而是坚持去做。在20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，在那里她过着艰苦而繁忙的生活。她用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动，完全懂得了他们的行为。她的研究显示了黑猩猩和人类之间有着密切的联系。后来，她成立了几个组织，发起了一项保护动物的运动。近几年，她在世界各地演讲，呼吁年轻的一代参加她的项目“根与芽”。她说我们应该尊重动物，而不是用它们来娱乐或杀死它们。简古道尔以她的巨大成就而被授予多个奖项。如果你想了解更多关于她的事情，就上网查询吧。本部分内容讲解结束点此进入课件目录按ESC键退出全屏播放谢谢使用