2012高考英语二轮专题辅导与测试之语法第二部分 专题一 第四讲 动词和动词短语.ppt

1、1 动词同义词、近义词的辨析。2动词短语辨析，主要是give,get,take,look,go,turn,break,make,pick,keep,come等动词所构成的短语的词义辨析。3把动词和动词词组的区别放在鲜活的语境中。讲高频考点提综合能力练专题语法返回返回1.grow,increase,improve,raise(1)grow“生长”，侧重于人或物的生长、发育，也可指实力的增长。(2)increase“增加”，侧重于数量上的增加。(3)improve“改进，改善”，侧重于质量的提高或改善。返回(4)raise“抬高”，侧重于高度和水平的提高。The company needs to

2、improve performance in all these areas.公司需要在所有这些方面改善业绩。The price of oil increased.石油价格上涨了。返回2injure,hurt,wound,destroy(1)injure一般指在意外事故中受伤。(2)hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害。(3)wound常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害。返回(4)destroy一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”。I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。He was wounded in

3、the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。返回3beat,hit,strike,defeat,win(1)beat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”。Our team beats the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。返回(2)上例中的beat不能用hit,strike代替。在表示“打，击”的意思时，beat表示连续性的打击；hit表示对准目标打一下，强调击中；strike表示突然性或一次性的击打。She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。The tower was struck by

4、 lightning.该塔被闪电击中。返回(3)defeat(beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体。win是“(在中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war,match,game,prize,medal,respect,battle等名词。He defeated all the other participators and won the prize.他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。返回4acquire,get,gain三个词都有“获得”的意思，但其侧重点各不相同。(1)acquire多指经过一段时间的努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一旦获得很难失去，如知识等。(2)get

5、是一般用语，指“得到”。(3)gain往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。He has acquired a good knowledge of English.他英语学得很好了。返回5adapt,adjust,adopt,attach(1)adapt vt.适应；adapt oneself to适应于。(2)adjust vt.适应，调整，adjust oneself to适应于。(3)adopt vt.采取，采纳；收养，领养。返回(4)attach 把附(在上)；重视attach much importance to.非常重视。It is difficult for me to

6、adapt/adjust myself to the new environment.我很难适应新环境。In my opinion,youd better adjust the plan.依我看来，你最好调整计划。Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.他们因没有亲生儿女，所以决定领养一个孤儿。返回 链高考2010江西Parents attach much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that

7、priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。返回1You are old enough to _ your own living.(2011辽宁高考)AwinBgain Ctake Dearn返回解析：考查固定短语。句意：你的年龄已经足以自己谋生了。earn/make ones living“谋生”，为固定短语，故D项正确。答案：D返回2William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to _.(2011新课标全国卷)Adisappe

8、ar Bfall Cfail Ddamage返回解析：考查动词辨析。句意：William发现他读书越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退了。disappear 消失；fall 降落，跌倒；fail 衰退；damage 损害，毁坏。只有fail符合句意。答案：C返回3I _ a bank account after I made$1,000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.(2011天津高考)Aborrowed Bopened Centered Dordered返回解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：暑假我做兼职工作挣了1000美元之后

9、，我开了一个银行账户。根据句意，应选B项。答案：B返回4As the story _，the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.(2011安徽高考)Abegins Bhappens Cends Ddevelops返回解析：考查动词辨析。句意：随着故事的发展，关于这个神秘人物的真实情况慢慢地被揭开了。develop 表示“发展”，符合句意。答案：D返回5Recently,to maintain national balance,the Chinese government has _ a policy of encouragi

10、ng college graduates to take positions in rural areas.(2011苏北四市第三次调研)Aadapted BadmiredCadopted Dadmitted返回解析：考查动词辨析。句意：为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。根据语意可知选adopted,adopt a policy通过一项政策。答案：C返回6Polk was _ by a democratic challenger in the last election.(2011西安二模)Adefeated Bwon Ccontrolled Dchallen

11、ged返回解析：此处表示一个人被另外一个人“击败”，因此应用defeat或beat,win的后面只能跟表示“比赛，胜利”等的名词。答案：A返回1.break break away from 脱离 break down 坏掉；出故障；垮掉 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out(战争)爆发break in 破门而入break off 打断；中断break up 打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止返回 Shall we break off and have a cup of coffee?I cant agree with you more.我们能不能停下来喝杯咖啡？我完全赞同

12、。If you go on working like that,you will break down sooner or later.如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。返回 2callcall for 需要，邀请 call on/at 号召；访问call in 召集；召来call up 召唤，召集；打电话 call off 取消The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。返回 3comecome about

13、 发生come across 偶遇come to 共计，达到，苏醒come true 变为现实come up 走上前，被提出come up with 提出come into being 形成come into use 投入使用链高考2011安徽If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。返回4getget about 四处走动；传开get across 传达get aw

14、ay 逃脱，设法离开get down 下来；记下get in 收割；到达get off 出发；下班get together 聚会get through 接通；通过get down to 开始认真干get over 克服get along/on with 进展；相处get up 起身，起床链高考2010四川Jenny was looking for a seat when,luckily,a man got up and left.詹尼在找座位，幸运的是，这时一位男士起身离开了。返回5givegive up 放弃give in 屈服give out 用尽；分发give away 泄露；赠送；颁发

15、give off 发出give back 归还；使恢复Many rich Americans have long given away money to charities,rather than to their children.许多美国的富人很早就开始把钱捐给慈善机构，而不是给他们的子女。返回6go go against 违背；对不利go ahead 开始，进展，进行go after/for 追逐，追求go without 勉强维持；凑合go in for 爱好，参加；从事go through 通过；经历，审查go over 复习；仔细审查go by 过去，经过I always star

16、t the day by going through my email.我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。返回7hold hold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up 使耽搁hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)hold together 团结一致hold on to 保留，抓住不放Id hold on to that house for the time being;house prices are rising sharply at the moment.我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。返回8makemake up for 补偿，弥补 mak

17、e out 辨认出make fun of 取笑make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足The boy is working harder than ever,hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。返回9put put aside 把放在一边put away 把收好put down 扑灭，平息put forwa

18、rd 提出put off 延期；推诿put out 扑灭；生产put up 挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿put up with 忍受，容忍链高考2011浙江He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。返回10turn turn down 拒绝；调低 turn in 上交turn out 结果是，证明是 turn over 移交，交给turn up 出现；调高 turn off 关掉turn on 打开 turn

19、 away 走开turn to 求助于；翻到Stella was disappointed to find her new plan turned down and fell into great depression.Stella看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望，难以振作。返回1You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal _again.(2011江苏高考)Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝，因此有点儿不快。turn dow

20、n“拒绝，顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”，符合句意。turn over翻转；turn on 打开；turn off关掉。答案：D返回2She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2011天津高考)Aturned down Bdealt with Ctook after Dcame across返回解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：昨天在商场购物的时候她偶然碰见她的一个老朋友。D项“(偶然)遇见，碰见”，符合句意。A项“拒绝”；B项“处理”；C项“照顾”，均不符合句意。答案：

21、D返回3The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11,2011 _ made a great many people homeless.(2011苏北四市第三次调研)Abrought in Bbrought about Cbrought up Dbrought out返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：2011年3月11日在日本发生的灾难性地震造成的巨大破坏使很多人无家可归。bring about“造成，导致”，符合句意。bring in引进，赚得，提出；bring up养育，抚养；bring out

22、阐明，生产。答案：B返回4The protestors urged their government to take measures to _ their carbon emission to reduce greenhouse effect.(2011山西省三市联考)Acut off Bcut up Ccut out Dcut down返回解析：考查短语辨析。由语意“反对者敦促政府采取措施减少二氧化碳排放以减少温室效应”可知应用cut down“降低；削减；砍伐”。cut off切断；cut up切碎；cut out裁剪；(马达或发动机)突然熄火，停止运转。答案：D返回1.动词与down构

23、成的短语break down 坏了，垮了，分解turn down 调小，拒绝cut down 削减，砍倒slow down 慢下来put down 记下，写下，镇压tear down 拆毁，拆除set down 记下What a pity!The car ran out of sight before I could set down its number.太糟糕了。我还没有来得及记下它的车号，那辆小汽车就驶出了视野。返回2动词与on构成的短语depend on 依靠rely on 依靠insist on 坚持carry on 继续，进行keep/go on 继续put on 穿上，戴上，上演

24、feed on 以为生You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。返回 3动词与out构成的短语break out 爆发point out 指出carry out 执行，进行 turn out 结果是，生产，培养work out 算出，想出办法，健身find out 查出，弄明白try out 试用，试验look out 当心，提防Have you been working out?Yeah.As a matter of fact,Ive been going to the gym for half a year now.你一直

25、在健身吗？是的，事实上，我去健身房已有半年了。返回4动词与up构成的短语give up 放弃，停止，中止build up 建立set up 架起，建立 put up 搭起，安装，住宿，张贴pick up 拾起，学会，收听到bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出，调出stay up 熬夜make up 构成，组成cut up 切碎hold up 耽搁，使停顿返回 链高考2010山东Sam picked up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.山姆在观看他人操作电脑的过程中学了些电脑知识。链高考20

26、09浙江Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up ones strength,but also develop ones character.练中国功夫不仅能增强人的力量，还能培养人的性格。返回1You cant predict everything.Often things dont _as you expect.(2011江西高考)Arun out Bbreak out Cwork out Dput out返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不可能预知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。run out 用完，耗尽；break out爆发；wo

27、rk out 产生结果，发展；put out熄灭。故选C。答案：C返回2The government has taken measures to_the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.(2011湖北高考)Atake down Bbring downChand down Dtear down返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。take down 写下，拆除；bring down降低，减少；hand down把 传下来；tear down拆除，拆毁。答案：B返回3To get a

28、 better grade,you should_the notes again before the test.(2011四川高考)Ago over Bget over Cturn over Dtake over返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了取得更好的成绩，你应该在考试前再复习一下笔记。go over“复习，重温”，符合句意。get over解决，克服；turn over 使翻身，使翻转；take over 接替，接管。答案：A返回4Im still working on my project.Oh,youll miss the deadline.Time is _.(2011烟台市

29、第一次诊断)Arunning out Bgoing outCgiving out Dlosing out返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据答语的前一句可知时间快要到了，此处是用现在进行时表示将来，run out表示“用完；耗尽”。后三项分别表示“出去”“分发”“输掉”，都不符合语意。答案：A返回5I sincerely suggest that you try to do your best to finish this project,unless you dont _ the complaints from all directions.(2011枣庄高三调研)Acare about Bset about Cbring about Dgo about返回解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我真心地建议你尽你最大的努力完成这个项目，除非你不在意来自各方的抱怨。从语意的连贯看，这里用care about表示“关心，在乎”。set about开始，着手；bring about 导致，引起；go about着手做某事，继续做某事，忙于某事。答案：A返回返回