2013高考英语复习精品课件：非谓语动词5.ppt

1、非谓语动词学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作得高分非常有用。不定式动名词分词非谓语动词 分类 动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式to write to be written 进行式to be writing 完成式to have written to have been written 完成进行式to have been writing 1.作主语侧重于动作的具体性和将来性To play basketballTo play basketball is a great pleasure.is a great pleas

2、ure.但为使句子平衡但为使句子平衡,常用常用it it 代它作主语代它作主语,把它移到句把它移到句子后部去子后部去.It It is a great pleasureis a great pleasure to play basketball.to play basketball.(二)、不定式的句法功能主语 宾语表语定语状语2.作宾语 A.跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:（）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage

3、,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget ,bother.B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explain tell sb what to do3.作表语 A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。He is He is to marry Roseto marry Rose.B.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。Her wish was to become an artist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。The form

4、 is to be filled in and returned within a week.She isShe is to blame to blame.4.不定式作定语 A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.(主谓关系)She has a good chance to go to college.(同位关系)He has got lots of questions to ask.(动宾关系)注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应

5、有必要的介词。There is nothing to worry about.2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。I need a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.5.不定式作宾语补足语 跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词 A.let,have,make,get等表使役的动词 They made us go with them.注意:Let/have/make sb.do;get sb.to do They got us to go with th

6、em.B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的动词 The chairman requested the membersto be silent.C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词 The guard forbade me to enter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法)Many parents expect their children to study abroad.E.seesee、watchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear、listen tolisten to

7、、observeobserve、feelfeel等表感官的动词等表感官的动词 I noticed tears come into his eyes.I noticed tears come into his eyes.We often hear her sing the song at home.We often hear her sing the song at home.注注:感官动词后的不定式均不带感官动词后的不定式均不带toto F.其他动词 advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind Please remind me

8、to take the raincoat.6.不定式作状语11)不定式作目的状语Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.强调作目的状语的不定式,常用in order(not)to，so as(not)to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。2).不定式作结果状语 作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。如:too to,enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so+形容词/副词+as to,such+名词+as to

9、do引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way,please?I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.Practice1(09江 苏,26）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,_ reduce unemployment pressures.A.h

10、elp B.helped C.to help D.having helpedC高考点击2(09全国)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A.looked atB.to look at C.to looking atD.look atB3(09山东，22)We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holdingA4(09辽宁，27)_,you need t

11、o give all you have and try your best.A.Being a winner B.To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner5.(09安徽，28)The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A.produced B.being produced C.tobeproduced D.havingbeen producedBC时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving

12、been done (一).动名词动名词的语法形式 动名词动名词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.二、动名词(二)、动名词的句法功能 具有名词的特征,可充当成分:主语宾语表语定语1.动名词作主语 Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.Its no use waiting here.动名词作主语,也可用it 作形式主语.但只限于下面句型:1）动名词在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：It is no good

13、writing to him;he never answers letters.It is no use talking too much.2）动名词在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。例如：It is nice playing chess after supper.3）动名词在“There is(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：There is no denying that she is very efficient.2.动名词作表语 动名词作表语起名词作用动名词作表语起名词作用

14、,表示主语的内容表示主语的内容,这这时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。The nurses job is looking after the patients.=Looking after the patients is the nurses job.Four skills of English learning Four skills of English learning arearelistening,speaking,reading and writinglistening,speaking,reading and writing.=listening

15、,speaking,reading and writing listening,speaking,reading and writing areare four skills of English learning.four skills of English learning.注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太大区别。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式。3.动名词作定语 动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系.。表示名词用途。a racing car=a car that is used to race a swim

16、ming pool=a pool that is used to swim in 单个的动名词作定语定语,放在被放在被修饰的词前;动名词短语作定语定语,放在被放在被修饰的词语后;Do you know the sleeping car on show?The boy sitting under the tree is reading.4.动名词作宾语1）动名词作动词宾语下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,ima

17、gine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。I cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort.I recommend buying the dictionary.Will you admit having broken the window?有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay att

18、ention to,be fond of,stick to,be worth,cant stand,cant help.22）动名词作）动名词作介词宾语宾语 注意:介词后如果需要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词,不可用不定式。Are you good at playing football?其他介词不易错,重点是介词to.因为不定式符号也是to ,所以一定要记住有关的短语。look forward to,devoteto,get used to,pay attention to,stick to,on ones way to这些短语中的to都是介词。I am used to watching T

19、V in the evening.1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having高考点击Practice3.I really cant unders

20、tand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating4.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost返回三、分词 现在分词与过去分词.充当成分:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.（一）现在分词(1).现在分词 现在分词现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动

21、名词相同.时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done(2)、现在分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语 定语,宾语补足语,状语1.现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为”使(令)怎样。”如:The news is very disappointing.His story is very moving.(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting.)2.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,表示主动意义表

22、示主动意义,它与所修饰的它与所修饰的名词构成名词构成 主谓关系主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。通常可改为定语从句。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。A.A.表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行 Dont wake up Dont wake up thethe sleepingsleeping boyboy.=Dont wake up=Dont wake up the boythe boy who is sleepingwho is sleepingI don t know I don t know the manthe man writing somethingwriting

23、somethingover there.over there.=I don t know=I don t know the manthe man who is writing who is writing somethingsomething over there.over there.3.现在分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的执行者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；A.作感官动词的宾补宾补,如如:see,look at:see,look at,watch,notice,find,observe,listen to,watch,notice,find,observe,listen to

24、,hear,smell taste,feel hear,smell taste,feel 表示正在进行的表示正在进行的意义意义 We We found found them them readingreading in the in the classroom.classroom.4.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。B.作使役动词的宾补,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch表示”使进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态的持续性.Can you keep the clock going?1)作时间状语,可以表示三个时间

25、概念 A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“as soon as”引导的时间状语从句 Hearing the good news,he jumped up with joy.=As soon as he heard the good news,he =On hearing the good news,he B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while 引导的时间状语从句。Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.=When/While I was walking in the street,I

26、 came across an old friend.=When/While walking in the street,I came across C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Having done his homework,the boy went out to play.Having written his composition,he began to do his Maths homework.2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as 引导的原因状语从句。A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生Being ill,he didnt go to school.=

27、Because/As he was ill,he didnt go Not knowing what to do next,he went to his teacher for advice.=Because/As he didnt know what to do next,he went to B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Having seen the film many times,he didnt go to see it last night.3)作条件状语,相当于由 if 引导的条件状语从句(If)Using your head,you will find

28、 a way.=If you use your head,you will find 4)作让步状语,相当于由although/though 引导的让步状语从句 Although/Though getting up early,he was late for the meeting.=Although/Though he got up early,he was late for the meeting.5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。They sat there on the stone,talkingwith each other.=

29、They sat there on the stone and talked with each other.注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后。6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。The mother died,leaving five children behind.They fired at the enemy,killing two.现在分词无论作何种状语现在分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语须是句子的主语,句子的句子的 主语可能是分词动主语可能是分词动作的执行者作的执行者,句子的句子的 主语也可能是分词动主语也

30、可能是分词动作的承受者。作的承受者。但在一些表示说话者态度的固定表达方式中,分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。这种结构常见的有:1)generally/strickly/+speaking2)Judging from/talking of/allowing for.3)Considering that/seeing that /supposing that 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。1._ t

31、he program,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completedC.Not completing D.Not having completed（原因状语）高考点击Practice2The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.（时间或伴随状语）Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking3The storm left,_a lot of

32、 damage to this area.（结果状语）Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused4_from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.（原因状语）ABeing separatedBHaving separatedCHaving been separatedDTo be separated（二）过去分词(1).过去分词的语法形式

33、 过去分词过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。(done)(2)、过去分词的句法功能 具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语 定语,宾语补足语,状语1.过去分词作表语 过去分词过去分词作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态。如，He is gone.The glass is broken.He was lost in thought.They were deeply moved.注意:被动结构与系表结构的区别这两种结构形式都是be+过去分词。过去分词。这两种结构的主要区别是:被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。The cup was broken b

34、y my little brother.(被动结构)The cup is broken.(系表结构)2.过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语,它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词,有以下三个特点:A.及物动词的过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是被动的。所表示的时间概念是完成。The building built last year can hold 1,000 people=The building that was built last year can B.不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成。与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。fallen leaves=leaves that have falle

35、n a retired worker=a worker who has retired the risen sun=the sun that has risen C.有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事者的心理状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有被动关系。The surprised look showed that he hadnt expected this.=(He was surprised and his look showed his surprise)The fathers loud voice made a frightened look

36、appear on his daughters face.(The fathers daughter was frightened and her face showed her fright.)3.过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。常用来 作感官动词,如:see,look at,watch,notice,find,observe,listen to,hear,smell taste,feel 和使役动词如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch的宾补 When I walked home,I saw a ma

37、n caught by the police.As soon as he returned home,he found his house broken into.He kept himself covered with a blanket.4.过去分词作状语过去分词可在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步,方式或伴随情况等状语。过去分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,而且存在着逻辑上的被动关系.1)做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首。Seen from the top of the hill,the townlooks even more beautiful.=If the town is

38、 seen from the top of the hill,the town =When the town is seen from the top of the hill,the town 2)作原因状语Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.=As/Because they were deeply moved by the story,the children.3)作让步状语Seriously wounded,he still kept on fighting.=Although/Though he was seriousl

39、y wounded,he still kept.4)作方式或伴随情况状语She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house,and was followed by her little daughter.He sat there,lost in thought.=He sat there,and was lost in thought._ more attention,the tree could have grown better.（条件状语）A.Given B.To

40、 give C.Giving D.Having given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century（定语）A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.writtenPractice 高考点击3._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因）A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To los

41、e4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.（条件）A.begins B.having begunB.C.beginning D.begun一、分析句子结构解题步骤1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be told C.He was told D.Though he was told分析：用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，故选C。2._many times,h

42、e still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be told C.He was told D.Though he was told分析：句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。二、分析逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1._no buses,we have to walk home.2._Sunday,I shall have a q

43、uiet day at home.A.There being B.It were C.There were D.It being 分析：句1.表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“the buses”，故选A。句2.同理选D。三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没

44、有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析：句1.“地球被看”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2.我们“主动看”即表主动，故选B。四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1.The building _now will be a gym.2.The building _next year will be a gym.3.The building _last year is a gym.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built分析：句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句3中last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选A，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。Thank you!