2022高三全国统考数学北师大版（理）一轮复习课时规范练32　数列求和 WORD版含解析.docx

1、课时规范练32数列求和基础巩固组1.数列112,314,518,7116,(2n-1)+12n,的前n项和Sn的值等于()A.n2+1-12nB.2n2-n+1-12nC.n2+1-12n-1D.n2-n+1-12n2.(2020山东滨州模拟)若数列an的通项公式为an=2n+2n-1,则该数列的前10项和为()A.2 146B.1 122C.2 148D.1 1243.已知函数f(n)=n2,n为奇数,-n2,n为偶数,且an=f(n)+f(n+1),则a1+a2+a3+a100等于()A.0B.100C.-100D.10 2004.(2020德州调研)已知Tn为数列2n+12n的前n项和,

2、若mT10+1 013恒成立,则整数m的最小值为()A.1 026B.1 025C.1 024D.1 0235.设等差数列an满足a2=5,a6+a8=30,则数列1an2-1的前n项的和等于.6.已知在等比数列an中,a1=2,且a1,a2,a3-2成等差数列.(1)求数列an的通项公式;(2)若数列bn满足:bn=1an+2log2an-1,求数列bn的前n项和Sn.7.(2020河北保定二模,文17)已知数列an的前n项和为Sn,且满足2Sn+an-n=0(nN*).(1)求证:数列an-12为等比数列;(2)求数列an-n的前n项和Tn.综合提升组8.已知数列an满足a1=1,且对于任

3、意的nN+都有an+1=an+a1+n,则1a1+1a2+1a2017等于()A.20162017B.40322017C.20172018D.403420189.(2020江苏,11)设an是公差为d的等差数列,bn是公比为q的等比数列.已知数列an+bn的前n项和Sn=n2-n+2n-1(nN+),则d+q的值是.10.(2020全国1,文16)数列an满足an+2+(-1)nan=3n-1,前16项和为540,则a1=.11.(2020河北衡水中学三模,理17)已知数列an满足a1=4,且当n2时,(n-1)an=n(an-1+2n-2).(1)求证:数列ann是等差数列;(2)记bn=2

4、n+1an2,求数列bn的前n项和Sn.12.(2020山东烟台一模,18)已知数列an的前n项和Sn=3n2+8n,bn是等差数列,且an=bn+bn+1.(1)求数列bn的通项公式;(2)令cn=(an+1)n+1(bn+2)n,求数列cn的前n项和Tn.创新应用组13.(2020江西九江一模,理12)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,已知An,Bn是圆x2+y2=n2上两个动点,且满足OAnOBn=-n22(nN+),设An,Bn到直线x+3y+n(n+1)=0的距离之和的最大值为an,若数列1an的前n项和SnT10+1013恒成立,整数m的最小值为1024.5.n4(n+1)设等差数列an的

5、公差为d,由等差数列的性质可得a6+a8=30=2a7,a7=15,a7-a2=5d,即15=5+5d,d=2,an=a2+(n-2)d=2n+1,1an2-1=14n(n+1)=141n-1n+1,前n项和为141-12+12-13+1n-1n+1=141-1n+1=n4(n+1).6.解(1)设等比数列an的公比为q,a1,a2,a3-2成等差数列,2a2=a1+(a3-2)=2+(a3-2)=a3,q=a3a2=2,an=a1qn-1=2n(nN*).(2)由(1)及bn=1an+2log2an-1,可知bn=12n+2log22n-1=12n+2n-1,Sn=12+1+122+3+12

6、3+5+12n+(2n-1)=12+122+123+12n+1+3+5+(2n-1)=121-12n1-12+n1+(2n-1)2=n2-12n+1(nN*).7.(1)证明当n=1时,2S1+a1-1=0,解得a1=13.因为2Sn+an-n=0(nN*),当n2时,2Sn-1+an-1-(n-1)=0,-,得3an=an-1+1,即an=13an-1+13,当n2时,an-12an-1-12=13an-1+13-12an-1-12=13,又a1-12=-16,所以an-12是以-16为首项,以13为公比的等比数列.(2)解由(1)可得an=-1213n+12,所以an-n=-1213n-n

7、+12,所以数列an-n的前n项和Tn=-12131-13n1-13-(n+1)n2+n2,化简得Tn=1413n-1-n22.8.D由题意可得an+1-an=n+1,则a1=1,a2-a1=2,a3-a2=3,an-an-1=n,以上各式相加可得an=n(n+1)2,则1an=21n-1n+1,1a1+1a2+1a2017=21-12+12-13+12017-12018=40342018.9.4由等差数列的前n项和公式和等比数列的前n项和公式得Sn=na1+n(n-1)2d+b1(1-qn)1-q=d2n2+a1-d2n+-b11-qqn+b11-q.对照已知条件Sn=n2-n+2n-1,得

8、d=2,q=2,所以d+q=4.10.7当n为偶数时,有an+2+an=3n-1,则(a2+a4)+(a6+a8)+(a10+a12)+(a14+a16)=5+17+29+41=92,因为前16项和为540,所以a1+a3+a5+a7+a9+a11+a13+a15=448.当n为奇数时,有an+2-an=3n-1,由累加法得an+2-a1=3(1+3+5+n)-1+n2=34n2+n+14,所以an+2=34n2+n+14+a1,所以a1+3412+1+14+a1+3432+3+14+a1+3452+5+14+a1+3472+7+14+a1+3492+9+14+a1+34112+11+14+a

9、1+34132+13+14+a1=448,解得a1=7.11.(1)证明当n2时,(n-1)an=n(an-1+2n-2),将上式两边都除以n(n-1),得ann=an-1+2n-2n-1,即ann-an-1n-1=2,所以数列ann是以4为首项,2为公差的等差数列.(2)解由(1)得ann=4+2(n-1)=2n+2,即an=2n(n+1),所以bn=2n+1an2=141n2-1(n+1)2.所以Sn=141-122+122-132+1n2-1(n+1)2=141-1(n+1)2=n2+2n4(n+1)2.12.解(1)由题意,当n2时,an=Sn-Sn-1=6n+5,当n=1时,a1=S

10、1=11,所以an=6n+5.设数列bn的公差为d,由a1=b1+b2,a2=b2+b3,即11=2b1+d,17=2b1+3d,解得b1=4,d=3,所以bn=3n+1.(2)由(1)得cn=(6n+6)n+1(3n+3)n=3(n+1)2n+1,所以Tn=3222+323+424+(n+1)2n+1,2Tn=3223+324+425+(n+1)2n+2,两式作差,得-Tn=3222+23+24+2n+1-(n+1)2n+2=34+4(2n-1)2-1-(n+1)2n+2=-3n2n+2.所以Tn=3n2n+2.13.B由OAnOBn=-n22,得nncosAnOBn=-n22,所以cosA

11、nOBn=-12,所以AnOBn=120.设线段AnBn的中点为Cn,则|OCn|=n2,所以Cn在圆x2+y2=n24上,An,Bn到直线x+3y+n(n+1)=0的距离之和等于点Cn到该直线的距离的两倍.点Cn到直线距离的最大值为圆心到直线的距离与圆的半径之和,而圆x2+y2=n24的圆心(0,0)到直线x+3y+n(n+1)=0的距离为d=|n(n+1)|1+3=n(n+1)2,所以an=2n(n+1)2+n2=n2+2n,所以1an=1n2+2n=121n-1n+2.则Sn=1a1+1a2+1a3+1an=121-13+12-14+13-15+1n-1n+2=121+12-1n+1-1n+234,所以m34.故选B.14.解(1)设an的公比为q.由题设得a1q+a1q3=20,a1q2=8.解得q=12(舍去),q=2.因为a1q2=8,所以a1=2.所以an的通项公式为an=2n.(2)由题设及(1)知b1=0,且当2nm2n+1时,bm=n.所以S100=b1+(b2+b3)+(b4+b5+b6+b7)+(b32+b33+b63)+(b64+b65+b100)=0+12+222+323+424+525+6(100-63)=480.