人教2016届高三英语大一轮复习语法专题《专题7 情态动词和虚拟语气》文档.docx

1、专题七情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的考查要点1can，be able to 和could(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved b

2、y the villagers in the end.(2)表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会”。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes，you c

3、an.(否定答语可用No，Im afraid not.)(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只有；cant but不得不；cant.too再怎样也不为过，越越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.题组训练1用can，could，be able to的适当

4、形式填空1Though the building was on fire，they were able to go out safely.2It cant be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.3Hows your new babysitter?We could not ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.4The police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they can.5You ca

5、nt be too careful when driving.2may和might的用法(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May you succeed!(4)may/might as well最好还是

6、，不妨You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late for class.题组训练2用may，might的适当形式填空1I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might/may not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.2I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a ra

7、ilway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone might have stolen it.3As a student，you might/may as well make good use of your time.4You may go to school either by bike or by bus.5May she rest in peace.3must，have to和ought to的用法(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)。m

8、ust开头的问句，其否定回答要用neednt或dont have to代替。(2)must表示必然的结果。All men must die.(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(4)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(5)ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。You ought to take care of yourself.4need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能

9、用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to代替。(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?(3)need和dare的特殊用法need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare (to) comp

10、lain.Do you dare (to) swim in the river?题组训练3同义句改写1He darent go out at night.He doesnt dare to go out at night.2The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.5will和would的用法(1)will表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称

11、。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you like a cup of tea?表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6shall和should的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。Shall I come in?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says.(2)should表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。表示惊

12、讶语气，意为“竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合mustmustdomust have done肯定句may/mightmay/mightdomay/might have done肯定句、否定句can/couldcan/could docan/could have done否定句、疑问句(

13、could可用于肯定句)should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should doshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句情态动词have done的用法(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldnt have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该”，而ought not to

14、have done则意为“本不应该”。You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4)could have done表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the w

15、ay.(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)”。You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.题组训练41I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.2Its Sunday. He cant have gone to school(不可能上学去了)3You know the story very well. You may/might have read it(可能读过) before.

16、4You must have gone to bed late(一定是睡得很晚) last night. Your eyes are red.5I should/ought to have done my homework(本应该做作业) last night，but I went to the cinema.语法填空1Thanksgiving Day was near.The first grade teacher gave her class a fun assignmentto draw a picture of something,1.for which they were thank

17、ful.Many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies of the season.2.But Douglas made a different kind of picture.He drew a hand.Nothing else.Just 3.an empty hand.His abstract image captured(引起) the imagination of his peers(同伴).4.Whose hand could it be？One child guessed it

18、was the hand of a farmer，because farmers raise turkeys.5.Another thought it was the hand of a police officer，because the police protect and care for people.Still others guessed 6.it was the hand of God，for God feeds us.When the children had gone on to other assignments，the teacher paused at Douglasd

19、esk，7.bent(bend) down and asked him whose hand it was.The little boy looked away and murmured，“Its yours，teacher.” 8.Brushing(brush)aside a tear，she went on with her work.The story speaks of more than thanks.It says something about a teacher who looks after her students 9.carefully(careful) and has

20、a great effect on Douglas.He might not always say thanks，but he will remember the hand 10.that/which reaches out.虚拟语气的考查要点1虚拟语气用于条件状语从句(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表

21、示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/couldhave过去分词”。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.(3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would b

22、e put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)题组训练5语法填空1Maybe if I had studied(study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.2If I had/should have/were to have(have) time next week

23、，I would go to the party.3If I were(be) you，I should go and see the dentist at once.4If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier，you could/should/would/might have caught(catch) the train.5If he were you，he wouldnt have missed(miss) the concert last night.2虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish宾

24、语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had过去分词”或“could/shouldhave过去分词”。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。常见

25、的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。She suggested we (should) leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated on.(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”，shoul

26、d可以省略。His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.)that we (should) clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame，no wonde

27、r，etc.)that you (should) be so careless.It will be desired (suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc.)that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。It is a pity that you cant swim.题组训练6语法填空1Where are the children？The

28、dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they werent(be，not) always late.2It is requested that Class Two (should) give(give) a performance at the English evening.3He insisted that a deadline(should) be set (set) for completing the task.4My suggestion is that we(should) go(go) without delay.5The

29、doctor has given advice that the patient (should) give up(give up) smoking.3虚拟语气在其他场合的运用(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though，even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种

30、从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that).”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should动词原形”，意思是“(现在)该”。Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。It would

31、 be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you. 语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。(should)(2013安徽书面表达)As for me，it should start on my way to school.2因此，我没能够抽出时间及时给你回复。(couldnt)(2013山东写作)Therefore

32、，I couldnt spare enough time to write back to you in time.3我真诚地希望你们能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。(can)(2013天津书面表达)I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and Im sure I will be a good president.4再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。(may)(2013北京开放作文)With another try，they may gain what they dream of.5如果你们能立刻采取措施我将不胜感激。(would

33、)(2013重庆写作二)I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once.语法填空2After vaccinating(给接种疫苗) a young boy with an injection in the arm，the doctor wanted to stick on a bandage.“Please put 1.it on the other arm，” the boy asked.“Why？”the doctor asked.“This will let everyone know you have been

34、vaccinated and they 2.wont hit(hit) your sore arm.”“Please！”the boy begged.He couldnt show his weakness.He was afraid 3.to let(let) others know his weakness for fear of being hurt more than he was already.Adults are even 4.better(good) at hiding pain.Not usually physical pain，but the pain of loss or

35、 fear.Famous author Susan Muto told a story of a great ruler who needed 5.an assistant to help manage his kingdom.When he 6.finally(final) selected the right person，he took him outside onto a balcony of the palace 7.where they could see all the lands under his rule.His assistant asked him，“Master，what must I remember most of all if I am to carry out 8.your wishes？”“My son，”the king replied，“there is only one directive(指示) to followand that is to look on the people 9.as the wounded.”The wise king knew that everyone is in pain in some way.Wounds may not show,10.but they are there.